B. PHENOL Vinh ngkia : Phenol Ia hop chft hu ed trong phn ti e6 nhém OH lién két tre tip voi nguyén tt cacbon cla Vong benzen . TY Cong thife - déng phéin ~ tinh chit vali : 4 Céng thie: Phenol ddn chifec6 1 vOng benzen c6 chng the : (CnH2n-70H hay CnH2n-60 (n> 6) 2/BBng phan: = 6; CeO (phenol) hay CaO , Cong the cfu tg0 : 08, n1=7: CyH-OH hay CyHyO . C6 3 ddng phan : p-cresol hay p-metyl phenol m-cresol hay m-metyl phenol o-cresol hay o-metyl phenol aL om oer cts 13 3/Tink chit vat it: G dk thwdng phenol 1a chat rdn khng mau , néng chay 6 43°C , 48 lau bj oxi héa bign thanh ‘miu dng. Phenol dc ply bdng da. Phenol it tan trong mide nh, anhiu ong nie ng (66°C) va trong rugu etylic , ete , benzen . Gitta cdc phan tu phenol cling o6 lién két hidro Gitta phenol va H,O cling c6 lién két hidro GHE-O-H- 9 CoH 5 CoH otteeegaih Gee ‘ on tg H 4/ Phenol cé tinh axit nhung rat yu khong lam 46i mau qui tim , do trong phenol c6 hiéu tng sgiifa d6i e én oxi va n6i d6i cia vong benzen c6 hiu tng Im cho e di chuyén vio vong benzen Ket qui : + Lam cho lin két O — H1bj phan eye nhiéu hon , nguyén ti H tr nén tinh 4Ong hon, im cho+ Lam mit 9 digm tich 4m ting lén vito va p , lam cho nguyén ti H 8 2 vit ny inh ‘dong hdn so voi benzen , phin tng thé trén phenol xAy ra 0 2 vit nay. + Lin k&tC-O bén ving han so v6i ancol ety nén phenol khOng o6 96 thé nhém OH shut ancol etylic + Tinh linh dng cia H trong nhém OH tang din: C3HyOH < H-OH < CqH-OH TIV Hiéa tinh : phenol o6 pet thé H cha nhém OH va pit cla vong benzen 1/ Phan ting th€ trén nguyén ti H cia nhém OF : ‘/ Tée dng véi kim loai kiém : (Célis-OH + Na —+ Celly-ONa (natri phenolat) + YH b/Phan tag v6i dd bazd : (Céfis-OH + NaOH — CeHfs-ONs (tam trong née) + #0 ign tung : tit dd dye qua dd trong sudt Chi § : sue kh CO2 vao dd Natri phenolat : (CO; + HO + CeHl-ONa ~+ ClHs-OH |+ NaHCO Chi § :+ Phin tig ny ching t8 HsCOs €6 tin axit manh hon phenol . + Hign tng tt dd trong suét qua dd duc + Cho dd NaOH vao phenol thu duge dd trong sust ,sye khf CO; vao thu 4d dye , cho NaOH vao da trong sub. Célis 08 ~ Célls-ONa + Célly-ONa + HCI — Coll OH + NaCl + Dung dich CeHs-ONa cf tinh bazd , Im xanh qui tim, p> 7 . 2/ Phin ting thé H trén vong benzen : al Cho dd Br2 vao da phenol Ide nbe thay c6 két ta trdng xudt hign te thai. ay la pi thé : cfc nguyén tt Br thay thE nguyen ti H8 vi trio va p. rile E0139 Begone 60 mp De 8 Cé thé ding pif nily dé phan biét phenol véi céc chit hitu cd khac b/Phain tng voi HNOs dc , xt H;SO, dc (pt nitro héa ) : Bas osm -n00 Soni +0 Bue. 3/thod wah coy VA 2,4,6-trinitrophenot > onagte Wot) Cred (idohenar st) Aaclehexa not: rab Ten Fog Nad’ «3 Anh hung qua Iai gia nhém OH vA vng benzen trong phenol: / Anh hung nhém OH len yong benzen : 1am cho phenol pidge voi dd Br2 b/Anb huting eta vong benzen lén nhém OH: lam cho phenol c6 tinh axit ptt voi NaOH IV/Digu che: ean + Neth > @-on +304 ‘Ti din xudt halogen : Cele Cl-+ NaOH Age (pea) Cats OH + NaCl Chi § 2 CaBle—+ Cb Cl + CcHy-ONa — Cyl OH ‘Ung dung : dng 4é sin xudt nya Phenolfomandehit (bai andehit) , phdm nhugm , thudc 6 (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) , chit digt 6 2,4-D (2,4-diclo phenoxi axetic) chit digt nim mBc (nitrophenol) . a= ehe-comd 7 (44-9) V/ Ancol them : ae La hgp chat itu eg ¢6 nhém OH gn vao nhénh cia vong bezen: C)-Cehy- OH Ancol thdm Gdn chite ¢6 1 vong benzen : CnH2n-70H hay CnH2n-60 (n>7) n=7: CiH>OH; CeHls- CHy-OH ( ancol benzylic ) | -phenyletan-I-ol Chii §: CyH4O; 66 cOng thite eu 0 Ho-cii-LS)- on sana + Meo-te Cotes He \ PM ons HOMCH Coney HP CyH,O : 66 5 dng phan 6 vong benzen : -3pphenol : p-cresol , m-cresol,o-cresol -Lancol thom : CeHl-CHy-OH (ancol benzylic ). sLete: CéH;~0-CH, (metyl phenyl ete) . BI: 1 Chon ci ding (sa (8) trong cée ev/ Phenol (C6HS-OH) It ancol thom: B, $__ bv Phenol pt vai dd KOH igo thin musi vA nude: S Phenol tham gia pe thé v8 brom, vi nitro (NO2) a8 hon so vai benzen: B.S 4 dd phenol Lim qu tim ha 6 do n6 6 tinh axit: D , S$ 1 Gita hém OH va vong benzen tong phenol 6 in hung quasi in nhau: B.S {Phenol lt din xuft hideoxi ela hidroeacbon thom: B , $. 2/ Poona 8 din xuft hidroni ma nhém OH Hén két re tip Wy Ancol thom Ia din xufthidrox eba hidrocacbon thom : B , S ‘Ancol thom Ia dBng ding eda phenol : B.S 2) TWC2HD,, vit pt didu ch: p-itophenol va m-nitrophenol bona Vong bemwen: B , S than, 60°C Brae NaOH asp HNO3 4, H2s04a (C2H2 ne C66 ————+ OSHS p-NO2-C6H4-OH. INOS 4, H2s08.4 BI, Fe NaOH asp (C22 O66 em CSHS-NOD nn Be OSHA-NOD nnn > NOCHG-OK, 24 Cho tit phenol vao nude brom ,néu ign ting : nue brom nhgt mau va e6 Két tia tring sinh a (Cho sien vio dé brom trong CCl. néu hign tng : dd brom nbgt mau va e6 chit lng sinh sinh ra 41€6 3 da: etanohgterol phenol . BE phin bit 3 dd nfy e6 th ding : aINava ddBi2 b/CuOH)2 vA dd Br2. c/dd NAOH va ddBr2 dd NAOH va CUCOHR. ‘Dé phan bigt 3 cht King : phenol siren , ancol benzylic c6 thé dng a/Na b/quiim e/ddKOH' d/ddBe2 516 chung mint e6 An hung qua Iai gita nhkSm OH vA g6e phenyl rong phenol ng ta cho phenol pt voi a/Nava NaOH) W/NaVAGdBr2 o/NaOH va dB NaOH va HCI 6 Cho m ghb X gm xiclobexanol v2 m-eresol pe voi Na dr thu gc 0,1 mol H2.. NEu cho m g bh X pd void Bird drt thy cng ht 72g Br2 vA thu duge x g Atta. Tinh Khdl lung xiclohexanel vam gkéi tha 11 Cho m ghin X gdm ancol etylic va phenol pe ht voi Na thu due 1,68 it Kh ke) . Cdn nu cho m g bk X po ‘Oi dd NaOH 2M th thy dng hét 25 mld NaOH . Tinh m g 8/ Chit A tude dy dng ding eb phenol don che pat vita dd vO; 100 ml dd NaOH 1M. C8 can dd seu pth ge 13g mui khan $6 dng phinefutgocdaAl: a2 W3 4 ds 97 Chie A 66 ong tite CTHBO2 (tube din xu eda benzen) .LEy 0,1 mol A thy p vin i vai $0 mt éd NAOH 2M, con nu cho pa vai Na du th thu ge 0,1 mol H2 .Xée djnh CTCT ela A 10 Nite ha hop chit CH6-x(OH)x bi HINOS thu duge sin phafm day nh X (% ki hagng cba oxi tong XB 49% ).Xéc dinh CTCT cla X Git : C6H6-x(0FDx. + y HNO3 ~ CSH6-x-y(OH)x (NO2)y + y H20 % O'=(m 0 x 100) Mx=( 16x + 32y)10017B+16x446y)= 49 ¥=(98,22-8160)9,95; x=1, y=3 ;X: C6HI(OH) (NO2}2: ax pric. 11/ Cho 13,74g exit pieric vio tinh kin i nung ndng 8 to cao, pt hod tod thu due x mol bh g6m CO,CO2.N2 WH2.Gid tjelaxR: a/06 W054 o/036 wOZs. 12/ Chon et sat af Cho dé Br2 vio dd phenol ora ké tia trdng _/ Cho qu tim v2o phenol, 3u ei khdng Ai mtu e!Cho phenol vio dd NaOH thy 6 sy phtn lgp dl Cho CO? vaodd nae phenelat ty a bj va duc 13/CaLt A vg benzen (¢6 CTPT tng voi CTDG) 6 1} Ié mC: mH:m O=212:8, Apt voi Ns dg th ge 6 mot H2 = sS mol A. SS ABngphincia AL: al9 3 oT “A 10