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    29 - 8 01 GK Vo Nguyen Tu

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    29 - 8 01 GK Vo Nguyen Tu

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    29_8 01 GK VO NGUYEN TU

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    29 - 8 01 GK Vo Nguyen Tu

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    Bùi Trần Châu Giang

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    Soca TRON TRONGN a ‘Trong nguyén t, fc electron chuyén dGng ritnhanh xung quanh abi hong theo qu? 440 no. Khi chuyén dng rong nguyen tt fe electon chim nhing mde nag lg Khe nha Ae tung cho trang thi chuya dng cba n6 1H. OBITAN NGUYEN TU ‘Obitan nguyén a Khu vue KhOng gian xung quanh nat ain ma 6 40 34e suit C6 mae electron I 16a nit ‘Da rén sf Khe nbau vé trang thi chuyn dng ca electron trong nguyen ti, nguti ta pin log efeobitanthinh obitans, obitanp,obitan d obitan 11.1.0 VA PHAN LOP ELECTRON i ion (hay mile ning hi * Cc electron o6 mite ning lg gin bing nhau thude cdng mgt lop electron * Cf lop electron: Ten lip x [tw [N fo |r To Thewldp 12 [3 [4 [5 [6 [7 Phan lp electron thay phn mie ming hte, * Mbi lp electron dug chia thinh efe phin lap: sp dy. ‘Vai fs phin op = ST * Trong mi phn lop ede electon ¢6 mie ning hagng bing nhau * Electron 6 phan Idp ado th goi ten theo phn lp d6 3/86 obitan trong mot phn Lops a+ Trong mot phn lp: Phinldp | s [P| @ ‘S6obitaa [| 1 | 3p Ss | 7 b- Trong mot lop: Z Lap |_n | Céephintop [Sciam [ku ts L_| 2 [2629 M_[ 3 [383934 _ | No | 4 [dsdp dat Trang 12 TV. CAUHINH ELECTRONTRONG NGUYENTU | 1 Céc nguyen vi qui tée phin bf electron trong naw td * Nguyen If Pawel Tren mot obian ch cd hd nhibu nh 102 electron vt 2electron ny chuyén dng ne quay Kade nhau xung quank true ring cla md electron t tv ctecrndehin leche di ‘Vay: Phin lp s c6 1 obitan, 6 t6i da 2e (5°) Phin ldp p 6 3 obitan, 6 t5i da 6e (p) Phin ldp d o6 5 obitan, 06 t6i da 10e (a!) Phin lip f 06 7 obitan, c6 ti da 14e (f"*) + Nguyén Ii vitng bén: G trang thdi co ban cdc electron chiém Idn luast nhiing abitan cd mite ngage cor ‘Dir thye nghiém va If thuyét, mitc nang lung ciia cc obitan nguyén tit ting din theo thit ty: 182s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p Ss 4d Sp 6s 4f Sd 6p 7s Sf6d * Qui tde Hund: Trong eng mit phan lp, ed electron sé phn B6 tren cfc obltan sao chos6 clectron df thin la t6i da v2 ede electron nay c6chidu nu quay gidng nha ‘Vi du: Vigt eu binh electron, ade dinh slp electron, s6 electron dp ngodi cing, st electron de than cia nguyen As (Z=33): = Syphin B6 electron theo thi ty mie ning ugg: Is? 2s? 2p° 3s 3p 22 4p? = C{uhinh electron: 1572s? 2p 32 3p 34" 45? ap? = Cuhinh electron vit dudi dang 6 hagng tt: (ED ED LTT TT TT TATA FY TTA) Vay: Asc6 4 lop electron, c6§ electro lp ago cng vA oS 3 electon de thin K@=19: = Cafu hinh electron: 1s* 2s? 2p* 3s? 3p® 4s = Cafu hinh electron viét didi dang 6 luyng ot: HH A Vay: Kes 4 lp electron, o6 | electron lip ago cng v8 6 1 electos detin Litas Cr (Z= 24): 1828 2p838 3p 3°! (CuZ.=29): 1s 25? 2p°35* p63"? dst Ag (Z.= 49): 192s 2p 39 3p 3a” 4? 4p da!” Sst 2L.Dic diém lp e ngodi cing: Lép ngodi cing o6 tdi da Se “dc electron ngodi ciing quyét dinh tinh chat ba hoc cila mit nguyén 15 * Nguyén ti! 06 Se lp ngoai cing, bén ving: la khi hiém (trit He o6 2e 1ép ngoii citng) Nguyén tl 66 1,2, 3e kop ngodi cing: 1a kim loi (uit H , He , B) ‘Nguyen th 66 5,6, Te lép ngoai cng: 18 phi kim ‘Trang 13, * Nguyén tf 66 e lap agodi cing: - Néu e6 2,3 1dp electron a phi Kin = Nua 6 4lap electron td Ten Id Kim los Electron hia: 8 nbn electron c6 Bhd rng tham ga inh than itn RE ha oe. Ching shud nam d top ngodi cing hot 0c phan ip sat mga cing née pin Lp ds cua bdo hoa Vi dy: K (2 =19): 18252963 3p 4s! e6 1 electron Ip ngoti cng vi 6 | electron host S (2= 16}: 1? 268293 3p* 6 6 electron lop ngodi cing vi c66 eleczon hos Fe (Z-=26) Is! 25° 2p 3s 3p 3°46 2 Idpngoai cing va o6 Se hos tr Cx Z=28) 1582529838? 3 34s! 6 Le Hp ngodi cing va 6 ho tr Cu = 29): 18? 29 2p? Sp Sa 4! eG Le paged eng va 65 Te hos th = Siiao thank ion * fon dues (Cation ‘Nguyén tit kim logi cd 1 , 2, 3e Idp ngoai ciing dé nbuiing ¢ tgo thanh lon duting. HES sada won go cg) * tein dala ‘Nguyén tif phi kim c6 5 , 6 , Te ldp ngoai ciing dé ahine tyo thinh Joném eve. X(t clon tip agadctng+ m= 9 m= 8~oCeldpngot cing ie Newent Seuothihion Chat cleo lion |Na (Z = 11): 1s" 2s? 2p® 3s! Na > Na’ +e Na? 1s? 2s? 2p |Ca (Z'= 20): 1s? 2s? 2p° 3" 3p 4s? Ca > Ca”? +20 CaP 1s? 28? 2p? 3s? 3p Al (Z = 13): 1s! 2s? 2p® 38? 3p! AID AP 43 “AD: 1s? 2s? 2p* IN (@= 7): 18°29? 2p? Na3e3N* N¥sts?2 pf S (= 16) Is! 25 2p°33pt S+20 98" 8? 115228 29836 396 cu (Z= 17): 8822p 36 3p! cl+le> cl 15258 2p8 35 3° BAITAP ‘54,a-Cé thé m6 ti su chuyén dng cia electron tong nguyen tir bing fc qup dao chuyén d6ng king? Tai sao? b- Theo thuyét ign dai, trang thi chuyn dng ca eletron trong nguyen ti ge md tt bing hiah Anh gi? $5.Cho che nguyeniit: ZK, $Ca, jal al Vit ofa Ninh electron Shy a sip electon <6 lap ngohi cing. s6 electron hati va tinh chit ea mBi nguyén 6 G ty Vigt sy phin b6 e vio cfc obitan d phn lp ang lgng cao mbit. Suyra 86 de thin cf Vit sy tgothnh joa ee nguyen ti tren va cu Minh e ea ion taothinh 6, Vigt cfu hinhe cia ckenguyén th: {Cr , Cu, de S5Z.Hai phn lp ngodi chng cla mot s6 ion nhu sau UX: 2829 WYP: 2st 2p Zs 3623ph a RY pha iy viet dy di eda hinh electzon ea efc ion 6 va eba ede nguyen titty bod dign wong ting cia ching. X4c inh xem ede nguyén t6 tung tag 14 kim logi hay 2h kim. ‘Trang ib BP, GS, SBF, Kr, Fe, Sdn $58, Vite inh © (dang ci va obitan) ca Fe, Fe™ Fe", ,S®, Gil thich ¥ sto Fe’ bn non Fe (hay Fe a8 bj oxi hd hn Fe™) ?ion S* bén ? 59,Cho ede nguyén ti va ion: $Ar, 2K", RCT, "N™, CaP Xée inh 6 ht proton, notron electron, BT shin, DT v8 va viétefu hah eed ching €0,Cho ce nguyen ti: HN, 40, wS. Hay xde inh e trong ofc phn i 8 ion: NOs, NOs’, NOs 805, SO¥" , NEL 61, Vit fu hinhe dy di va x4 dinh 6 cloctons, 6 electon p ca cfc nguyen t2 saa a Cho bit cau inh electron 3 phn mc ning tng cao nb ba ode nguyen i én hat 1s ASpls B:3e?; C:dp; D:30°; Beds! s F4s!sG:5p° by Cho biét cu nh electron & phn Iép electron eu cia ede nguyn ta it M5 Ysapl s Zest 5 T 4s! 62, Vit efu hohe ca ede nguyén ti trong ee tring hap sau al Nguyén tA 067 elecon s; Nguyen ti B e6 1 electron p tyNguyen aR of 3 lop vA c64e 3 ldp ago cng ; Nguyén tM o6 4 lope va c6 6e lop ngodi cing ef Nguyén tX c6 Z-< 12 v8 6 2e dBc thin i nguyéaitt¥ 06 3 dpe va e6 Lede thin 68,Phin mee ning hung cao at cla 2nguyén tt A&B Ida gt 4s v8 3p. Tag 6 e cba? ‘hin lop nly Blog 5 vi higu a6 cia 2 phi ip Blng 3 ‘Vit fu hin e vA suy ra dia ch hat akin ela cfc nguyen td A & B DS: 24> 19:2 4,Phin ldp engodi cing cia 2 nguyén it A vA B dn ligt 3p va 4s. Téng s6 ec 2 phin opi 5 va higu s6e cia ching bing 3. a Vigt ef inh e cia 2nguyén tk aly Suy ras higu nguyen ti cla 2 agurén 6 46, bylai nguyen ti o6 36 ncton hon kém nhau 4hat va 6 tng s6 kG bg 7: . Tinh s notron ‘va sO Kit cha mdi nguyén tt, Vigt kt higu nguyen i eda Ava B, DS: al Zy= 16 : Zy = 19: 24:29:61 38 vO 3K 5,Hai nguyen kX va Y o6 phi kp e ngoai cdng In Int la 4p va 3s. Téng sb 82 phin lop nay 1 4, Xl phi kim. Suy a fa hinhe a X va Y. DS: 2p 33 ;2y= 11 66, Nguyén td nguyen 6 A, B ddu o6 phan lp ngodi cing i 3p. Hai phn Idp nly cdc mbau Le 1B 06 3eldp ngodi cng. Xéc dnh sO higu nguyén tela A, B.A, B 18 Kimlogi? Phi kim? Hay kh im? DS:Z4=14 :Zy= 13 61, Téag <6 hat pine, rong nguyen ca nguyen 6 A B13. a Xée dinh sShigu nguyen tl, sm, 6 Kadi va kh tugng cba nguyén th A by Vit eft hink ela nguuyn tf (dang cht va dang obitan), Nguyen t6 A ude lai gi? Bs: 5 A= 9; KOT huong 9 8, Viti higu cla cde nguyen tt sau, bit sO Rh6i va nguyen ti Khdi trung bina eda nguyen tt cchénh Ich KhOng qué 1 6on vi a Phi kim X 06 tng 6 cdc loai hat tong nguyen tt 30 ‘b/Kim logi ¥ o tng 36 ec log hat tong nguyen tf 8 58 1 Kh hiém Z 06 tng 86 cfc loa hat trong nguyén t 8 6. Bs: 3F ; BK: Bar Trang 15 49,Figp chtt MX cb Gog 6 bat Ib 195, Tong 66 shat mang dim nhigu hn SO gt khng ‘mang din a 61, So Kx ca ion M* hon swt ela X™ 25. Téng ee oa hat ong M* thon X* Ia 33, Tinh KLNT cia M & X. su ra cng the phn ti ca hep ht. DS: K(38u NCD) KV {TMét ngp chit A due tao bd on X° va Y* 06 cng the XY. tng 86 phn ba A Bing 164 ‘va tdng 6g Ong mang diga Bing 56. fon ¥"e6 6 proton bing aon Ton X° e656 ht mang dign niu hon shat khong mang dign 117. inh X, Y v8 vigt ef hah © cia cdc ion DSK; S onrapcnuvenni: NGUYEN TU pk ON TAP S62 PHAN TRACNGHIEM {eTrong nguyen th fe electron tut dude tm thy: ‘a-tong hat hin agen be bén ngodi hat an, song ft gdn ohn v fe elecuon ny bi ht Bi ee hat proton ¢-bémngoti hat dn va hung & xa nha vi thé ich nguyén dim ny electron cia ngoyén th 45 ‘d- cd bén trong va bén ngodi nhdn, vi cdc electron luén duge tim thy 4 tat ki chd mio trong aguyen tt ‘2.Cfu hinh electron ciia nguyén tit biéu din: {Tw ng din mde ning lag va phn mie ng hay ca feeleeton LWSirphin b electron ten ef pin Kp, ee Ip Khe nha of Thif ty gidm din mite nang luting via phin mite ning lvigng cha cdc electron ‘d/ Sy chuyén dng ciia electron trong nguyén tit 3.Cfu nh electron eda ee nguyen 66 aS higu 19,24 29 66 fe diém chung a C6 Telectron 1p ngoai cing 1/C6 4 lop electoon Chaya ‘a Khng o6 dic diém chung A.Mot nguyen tt X o6 tng 6 electron 8 ede phin lp ph LL. Neuyent6 X thude loi al Nguyéaws — b/Nguyéat'p cINguyén wd ANguyeatT S:Twong nguyén th trang thi edb, ef electron due pn b6 rE 4 ep op quyét dink ‘ah chk oa, phi kim hay Hh im al Cée electon lop K Wcécelecten top 1 Che electon lap M W/Cée electron lp 6,Céu hah electron cia nguyen ti hau huh (Z= 16) va ea nguyen on (= 8) 0 tang thi ein 6 dc diém nto chung? ay Ci ha nguyen Ova S db of tp Lk Blo hoa {Ci hai nguyen FO va S Bu e6 2 electron lp tong cing (op K) Ci bai nguyén tO va SdBu 6 3 1p electon {4 Ci ai nguyen iF OvaS du 6 6 electron Ip ngodi cng, tong cb 2electon di thin ‘LTrong sce bs higu sa ly ca obitan, i hig mo sai? wat wad 3a v2 Nguyen ed "x o6 fi nh electron 1252963! 3p! Hat ain nguyént X of 6 bat nt «hE nto? Trang 16 Sido vB tt Ho af 13 prown 1/13 proton v8 14 nota / 13 noteoa vl 14 proton 13 notron va 13 proton ‘9.Nhimg electron nao sau diy quyét dja tinh cht ca me nguyen t6? 1 Tét cd e&e electron trong nguyen te ‘Cie clecron d plata Idp agoti cng el Cc electron 6p ngodi cdng |W Céc electron bos tr 10, Téng 56 obitan trong nguyen tt eb cfu hah Is? 25?2p° 36? 39°: ad ys a6 a7 A,” Nguyen ttNao6 11 proton, 11 electron, 12 notron thi Kit Ing cia nguyen Na 1 a3 gam 230 o/34 gam waa Ce déng vi cia cing mét nguySn 16 hos ge due phn bigt bai dai eng nto sau af SS notron WSS electron hos tr e186 proion SS Idp electron 13, Dinh nghta nto ding nh vé don vj kh lugng nguyen ct a Tu 18 kot lung ca 6.01.10" nguyen tt cacbon by tu 6 gid tj bing 1/12 gam €f 1166 git blag 1/12 kh lagng nguyén tt cacbon Tu 6 gid tr bing 1/12 KG lung nguyen ti dBng vi cacbon 12 14, Cu kink electron ela ion Pe" Z=26) a 1825 298 38 3p 3 42 ty 126 29638 apa cf 1s? 25° 2p 35? 3p8 304s? af Is? 28° 2°38? 3p°3a 4s 1S, Nguy@n oi cia nguyén 16 ndo o6 sf electron de thin nbiéu nhift, aI Co(Z=24) WNi@=28) /CuZ=2) —— Gaz=31) 16, Nguy€n tt ca nguyén 6 nto khi chuySn than ion 1+ 06 eu hinh electron gi6ng guy ti kh hig WF @=9) bcaz=20) oNa@=11) wNez= 10) Nguyén ti kh6itrung binh da nguyén 6 dng I 63,5. Nguyen 16 dng trong ty nhiéa g6m2ding vila 2ou va $Cu. TY lf % 6 nguyen ted dBng vj $C trong ty ahién 225% 50% 75% 90% 18. Téng shat proton, nation va electron tong nguyen tea mt nguyén 1S la 40, Bit s6/hatnotron ldn ho shat proton la. 1, Cho bigi nguya t6 wen thubc nguyen 6 mio? asNguyentSs ——BINguyén tp o/Nguyn Sd a Nguyen st 19, © Neuyén tt cia nguyén 6 X c6 fu inh electron két thie & phan lp 4s Sig nguyén th eda nguyen 6 X 1 and 2s 29 WCia,b,edéuding 20, Trong we mhign, clo 06 2 ddng vi ZCI va ZCI . Nguyen tt kh trung bah eda clo 35,5. Phd trim Ki lugng cia dng vi C1 a 15% by 25% a w. PHANTU LUAN 2A, Oxic6 3 ding vis Yo, YO, YO. Cachon e6 2 dng vi: 2C, C. HAi o6 thé yo thinh ‘bao nieu logi phn tt CO,? Tinh kG lwyng phn Ut cia cing 22, Viktedu hin electron cia efe nguyen tt: a-Titan (TH) c6 44 hatmangdign __b-Selen (Se) e6 4 16p eva o6 60 Id> ngodi cng Trang 17 : to ttoa va até tod 10- © Xe6-41dpe va le dp ngoti cing d- fon R™ c6 phn lope eu 1 2p° €- Fe" of phin lope cuti 3 {on X"e6 phi lp ecu 4° 23, a-Tinh a proton va electron rong eon: aN Cl"? yO", NEY, NOS’, C105 'b-Téng sé proton tong ion Xs" Ia 40 va tGng 6 electron trong ion XY," ia 50, Xée dah che nguyén 6 X, ¥ vd Vii CTCT oa ede fon ren 2A, Nguyen i kh tung binh eb Lit 6927. Lif 2 ding w Gago tht nb 311 6 4 nguyen ti mid hon ing vi hai a 85.4%. Vie iu gv thd 25, Cho 4,129 mui NaX tke dung voi ABNOs du thu uve 7,52e két ta ‘a- Tim nguyén tf Khoi tung Binh v8 got tén aguyén 6 X ‘b-Nguyén 1X 06 2 dng wi. Xe inh s6 kh ca mBi dng vi, biet rg dng vi hai nhigw hsm ddng vi mOt a2 notron vi % sO nguy€a tt efe ddng vi Ding nha _M@t hop eh dug to tr ion MP v8 X’e6 cOng thie MX., Trong phn i MX 06.16ng 6 che bat (pn) 1 186, wong 46 shat mang diga nhiéu hon s6 bat khng mang dign Ii ‘54 hat $6 kh cba ion M* hon s8 kbi eda X18 21. Téng shat tong Mt ha trong XH 21. Vigt eta hinhe ia cfc ion M'* vA X°, xe dinh vi tr eda M va X wong bing én hod DE ON TAP SO 3 PHAN TRAC NGHIEM {Ding vid nhing a hop shite6 ching din ch het nha be nguyént6e6cdngdign deh hat ahi cc nguyén 16 06 cing s6 khdi A d- nguyén ti e6 cing dién tich hat bin va khéc nhau vé sf kh6i Hai ding vi ea nguyen 6X Khe nha v6 4- $6 electron trong nguyen it b-Sé proton tong hat nh © SOhigu nguyén te SOK {Cia inh electron ndo sau diy 1 ela ion S?-(Z= 16)? al Is! 26 2p 35° 3p* by Ls 26 2p 36 39° ol Ls? 26 2p° 35° 3p? Wis 29 29°38? 4,Cho o&e nguyen WN (Z= 7); OC = 8). Trong ion NOs ing s6 eletron Bi a2 we 133 a ‘S.Nauyén tit X o6 tng cing 8 electron phn 1p p. Cu inh electron cia nguyén ti X 1 arts’ 2e 2p Seay Wy 14228 2p 3 3p el 1s 28-2p' 36 3pt 1s 26 29°35? rng s6obitan of electron dl trang thi ea bin tong oguyén tt clo als wT 9 (guyen t6 nao sau diy e6 2 electon Ae thin tong nguyen td trang thi co bin? wCaZ=20) = YO~=8) —oSIZ=14) WCibvae .Cée nguyen tt va jon A, B® ,C™ dues eu hin electron 181s? 2s 2p, Ching o6 dfe éiém ‘hung Trang 18 ie Glo tho 8 af Cong 36 kis by Cng dign teh hat shan ©/ ©6 cing s6 electron dTited du ding 9.Cho ks higu eta nguyén tt Al. Két ug nto sau diy ding? a/ Nguyen Alo6 dign ch hgtahin 13 b/Hat nhén nguyen td Alo6 x6 Khia 27a cf Nanya td Alc6 sOiula 13, a Tated Abu dong 10, __Sélitgag va hnh dong obtan nguyen ti ph thide vac a $6 Khoi A cia nguyén ‘b/Diga tich het in Z c/ Bic diém eda mbi phin lp electron Wii digubvac 11, Métnguyéa tt c67 electron p. S6 proton cia ngojén ti 06 1a: a7 ws a9 a0 12, _ Cuhinh electron nto sau dy 1 eda Cu (2 = 29)? a/15° 25 2p 35° 3p6 344s! Ws! 2s 298 36 ape 4 cf 1258 2p° 35? 3p 4s? 30? ts 26298 39 3p 4s 3° 1, Choba nguyén tt: Mg; Mg va $Me. Phétbidu ndo sau diy sai? a/ Bay 143 ding vi tba nguyen tb Abu huge nguyen t6 magié /Hat adm mi nguyen ti dBu c6 12 electron ‘6 elecwon cba mi nguyén tli gt 125135 14 14. Obitan nguyen tl: Khu ve king gin xung quanh nguyen tt ‘Tap hop efe electron quanh ht nin nguyén tt ‘I Khu voc KhOng gian rang quanh nguyén ima ta c6 thé xe din dug vt ed eletron ta tng thai digm «Khu vye kg gian xung quash sha tong 06 khd ming c6 mit electron I: Wn sit 18, Motnguyén tires eu hin eleetionnguyéa tr Is? 282935: Tang kichthude khitgo raion dung bY Gidmkich thc ki tao raion dng, 1) Tang Kich thu khi go raion im Gi kih tte Kit re fon 16, M@tnguyén ts cfu hah electron nguyén ta Is? 2? 2p 36 3p: a Tag kichthude khitgora jon ducmg ——_b GidmAfc dtc Ki tg ron dng, cf Tang Kich thie ki gor on im ‘& Gi kich tbe Ki tars Ton am V2. Céunto sau diy si: ‘&-Phinldpse6 Lobian —_¢-Phinpfc63obtan b-Phingpdcé Sob ——_ de Phin oppo 3 obiten 1, Chobe pin lp 3p chs da lecwon, sy ta phn ep Sp cha a ete eve Nguyen if °X c6 cfu nh e 8 1525293396. Hat ain nguyen 2X et 9p, 21m Be 8,22 e 18a, 2p a1, 2p 20, Nguyen ut R o6 ehh esau cng la 3s, 0 6 iA 23. Vay wong hana eb Ao aet2n bell 12p—-lTpy 12a dep He 21, Non inh hai krhigu 34'va BY. Chu td 18 mdo ng rong ef cBu td 10 sau? UX vA thude vé mot nguyéa 6 ho hoe WX va YB cde nguyen tic hai cht ng vi ed Xv Y cing o6 25 electron av Hat akin eda X vA Y cng 0625 hat (proton vi notron) ‘rang 19 et vt Gio khoa bi Ho. 10 ‘MOC ngoyén R666 shat mang dign va khOng mang dignf34, rong ds6hat rang dif gp 1,833 li 6 hat king mang dip. R ve hnheleeuom ea a/Na 182529838! ty Mg: Is! 2629836? cl: 1s? 23 ap? (Nes 1225 296 23, Motoxito6cOng hte X.0, trong ds tng shat cia phn ta 92 byt, shat mang ‘ign nhidu hon s6hatkhéng mang dign Id 28 va nguyén tt oxi o6 shu 8. Vay oxit aly te a1Na.0 wo sco wno PHAN TULUAN 24, Bich eAng nguyen i sto 2 electron, Hay wt ca hin elect cha nguyen Fev ‘cécion Fe™ Fe 2S, _Vigtkihigu nguyén td X (theo ding tn nguyen t) trong cfc tng hp sau: 4 Téng 6 hath 28 va phn Ip eeu 29° b- Tang shat trong nguyén trl 46, rong d6 69 electron p ¢ Téag shat rong nguyen ta 40. SOhat mang dign g&p 13/7 s6 hat Khting mang dign 26, Khdi tng nguyen tit rung binh cia Cu Ia 63,54, Cue6 2 ding i Hi mb Kh c6 108, nguyen “Cu th 6 bao nhieu nguyen ku? DS:292 22. Kh hyng nguyén tit trung binh cis Clo & 35,5. Clo of 2 ding vie, 21. Tinh ‘Thanh phn % s6 nguyen tr ede ding vi b- Thanh phn % Khoi imgng eda C1 tong axit peclric HCIO, (H= 1; 0=16) ¢- Thanh phi % Kh lugng eta "Cl tong CaCl (Ca= 40) DS: 75%; 259; 26 12%; 16.67% 28, Motnguyen tx c6 tdng s6 ede hat I 126, $6 notron nhigu hon electron 8 12 hat ‘Tinh s6 proton va s6 ki ea X 'b-R6 3 dng vi la X, YT, SORAGI eda X bing wung binh cng ski cba Y va T. Hig sGnotron ea Y va Tgp 2 lin s6 proton ea hidro Tinh s6 kh cia Y va T - Khoi long nguyn cf trang bnh ca Rd 87,88, H&i X chiém bao niu nguyén trong (625 nguyén tt, Bigtring s6 nguyen ¥ : T= 1:6 DS: Z = 38; Ay = 88; Ay =89; Ay = 87; 520 29, Hop chit A c6 cng thie RX trong 46 R chim 22,33 5 v8 KhGt yng. Big ng t6ng shat trong A bing 149. Tong s6p cia R va X a 46, SO nowron ela X Wing 3,75 Hin 6 notron cia R Xée inh dign tch hat nbd va vit ef inh eeia R va X DS: Z_= Ml; 2y=35 30, Hai ion XY; va XY? 6 tng 56 proton Ibn Iu 40 vA 48, Xe dn XY VA ee ion DS:S0;* ; $0? BM, Ala nguyen ima nguyen ties phin op engodi cing 1 3p. B'A nguyen w ma nguyén tt 6 phn lp 3p. Hai phn lp nay eich nhav Ye. B c6 Se nhc tém obitan s,khOng cha obtan d a Xfe doh dign ch hyt mh eda A va B b-X, ¥ 182 ding v ea nguyen 6 A 6 tng 6 kh6ibdng 72. Higu 6 notron ca X va Y bing 1/10 digntch hat én eda nguyén tr B. Ty He 6 nguyén tei X va bing. 32,75:98.25, Tinh 6 Kh ca X va Y va khdi hong nguyén ef rung bah ca A Trang 20 i tas isn id 1 pi ONTAP SO 4 pun TRAC NGHIEM 1.Cation M’ of phn dpe cut 8 2p Cu tinhe ca nguyéa ak Ma a. 1226296368 3p!—b. Ist2stapf3s! cI asap! a. a apt a ‘Anion X* phn dpe cud la 2p Cf hah ca nguyen tX Bi a 182P 29638 Paap ce tst2eap 1 26429h ‘lon Fe o6 cfu inh phi ep cul 3. Vay nguyen tt Fe o6 fa hin a, 1s 26296 3938 4s 3 wb, a8 2s ap 3683p 43? ©, 1262p 3533" 4. 18-26 2p 35P3ph 463 ANguyén tt R 6610 eleeton p. $8 de thin ca RB: 20 bd 62 a3 ‘SNguyen td Y 06 ofuhinhe 6 phin lp cui cdag I 34°. Vey nguyén iY e6 10p eR: a3 bd 65 4. Tiked Basi Nguyen tM 66 2 lope vio Lede thin. Cs hinh e che M U 1225829 W iss Uy 18 26829 wists! Cu biah e dng cba Mi atvaly Lyall e.lvalv 4. Teed du ding Neuyen kX 6 phn Ip cub 48. Tg seca nguyn Ni 29 » a4 Ch3 dda ding ANeuyEa A o6 13 dign stp. efa hah ola AR: a 1262p 35 apt 18826 aph a p39? 1 2682p 38 3p 34s 4p! ds 26829836? 3p! 3p 344s! 9,1on X* 06 phén lp aged cng 1 3, Ca nh eda nguyen UX a 16225 29838 3p! 39° 1 26 29836? 3 5845? 15825 29°36 3983p" 182529636? 3p 39838? 10, Phiebidu nto sau day ding: a+ Hat ahén nguy@n tr ge ofa tg0 bai 2 loi ha proton va electron ‘b- Khoi Ivong hat nha chiém hu ahi ton bp kh lugog nguyen ¢Thé teh hat akin chigm hu nhutoan bp th tch ngayén tt 4: Trong phi tg ha hge, hat ahin thidng bi bia 461 LL, Céchgt nto sau day abo nbs: s-Proton b-Notion ¢-Electron d+ Ci proton va electron 12, Digukhdng dinhndo sau dy chu dng: ‘- SOhigu nguyén ti bing s6 don vi ga eh abn 'b-S6 pola hat ahan bing s6 ed lp v6 nguyen ti © SGn ca hat nhin bing e 8 6p v8 nguyén tt 4-86 p bling sO higu nguyen td 13, Nguyen tit ca aguyéan 6 A o6 phi ldpe ngodi cing 4s! $6 higu nguyen tra A 1a eZ19 bZ=M ead Cha be 1A, ChoFe(Z.=26),cfuhinh e cla Fe" Ms 1825 2 3583p 4? Is? 28 29836 Sp 30 4s? bets? 2 2p 36 3p 344s! dts 25829638 3° 30° ‘Trang21 = Gio bhoa va itp Mod 10% 15, P@=15);S@= 16). trang hai cai, nguyen tl 06 nhigu electron de than hon va si eletron je thf 2-Photpho, 3e dc thia - Photpho, Sede thin b- Law Khujo, 2e de thin & Lov hujab, 6 de thin 16, Cho AIC = 13), K@= 19), So = 2). Che nguyén tt e6 cdng 6 elewronhba ta ALK,SC BALK cK,Se GeAl,Se 12. Anion A? 6 phn dpe cua 3p", Ca inh cela nguyen tt ALA: a: 18°28 2p° 3 apt 1525 296353964? beIst2st2p 3s! 396349 4s de Is? 25? 29836? 3p 45°34 1B, Tong yah Bac e6 2 ng vi. Déog vit abit. "ZAg ci 51.35% Khoi agng nguyénttt tung binh eda Ag 1 107973, Bn v tht hai ie ramet ae a es) 19, Tiong ty ait Clo o62ddng vi CI; ZCI. Neuyéa od ugng tng bah cba Clo 385 dve‘Trong KCIO,, phi trim vé Kh hg ea dng vi Ct 4. 21615% B21 28TH. 38,688 2, Khilugng nguyen i ung Wah ca Cu 6354. bing 6 2 Wn VIX va Y. Tog sé ‘oi cia 2 Bag v I 128, $6 nguyen ca dbng vi X bhng 0,376 nga ti og vi. 85 gi eba X va ¥ dn gt a. 64; 65 b, 65; 63 6 63; 65 A. Tited adusai PHAN TU LUAN 21, Hay viet kf higu nguyén ti va ef hin electron td xée dh tah cht ha hoe ea rguyen 6 af Nguy8a ti o6 lop electron ngodi cdng Ii 3"3pt va o6 tng 86 hat 8 by ign teh hat nn céa nguyén tla +32.10°%C, 96 KhOi bling 40 22, Vistesu inh electron tong esc ting hap sa a- Nguyén ti Clo 06 ki higu 3CL b- Nguyen ti'X 06 13 electron p ‘e-Nguy6n tit ¥ o6 4 lap electron va 666 electron lop ngodi cing

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