2

2 Complete the table to:

● deduce the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in the magnesium atom and copper ion
shown
● identify the atom or ion represented by the final row.

number of number of number of

protons electrons neutrons

12Mg
25
12

29Cu
65 2+
36

17 18 20

[Total: 5]

2 Silver has an atomic number of 47.

(a) Naturally occurring atoms of silver are 107Ag and 109Ag.

(i) State the name given to atoms of the same element with different nucleon numbers.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each atom
and ion of silver shown.

47Ag 47Ag
107 109 +

protons

neutrons

electrons
[3]

3 Complete the following table.

number of number of number of number of

particle
protons electrons neutrons nucleons

11Na
23
11 11 23
................

17Cl
37 –
20
................ ................ ................
56
26.............
26 24 30 56
[6]

[Total: 6]
 3

2 (a) Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons. Atoms of the same element are known as
isotopes.

(i) Complete the table.

particle relative charge relative mass

1
electron 1840

neutron

proton +1
[2]

12Mg and 12Mg are isotopes of magnesium.

(ii) 
24 25

Complete the table to show the numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons in these
isotopes of magnesium.

number of number of number of

isotope
electrons neutrons protons

12Mg
24

12Mg
25

[2]

(iii) Explain why magnesium ions have a charge of 2+.

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

3 Transition elements are found in the middle block of the Periodic Table.

(a) Chromium has several isotopes. Manganese has only one isotope.

(i) State what is meant by the term isotopes.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State the nucleon number of manganese.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) 52
Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in a 24 Cr3+ ion.

protons neutrons electrons

[3]
1 This question is about the structures of atoms and ions.

(a) Define the term proton number.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) (i) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in
24
atoms of 12 Mg and 12
26
Mg.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

12Mg
24

12Mg
26

[2]

(ii) 24
What term is used to describe atoms of the same element, such as 12 Mg and 12
26
Mg?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) 24
Explain why the chemical properties of 12 Mg and 12
26
Mg are the same.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Complete the table to identify the atoms and ions which have the following numbers of protons,
neutrons and electrons.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

11Na
23 +
11 12 10

4 5 4

17 20 18
[4]

(d) State the electronic structure of the following atom and ion.

Al ...............................

S2– ..............................
[2]

[Total: 13]