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Muscles in The Human Body Table
Muscles in The Human Body Table
MUSCLES
LIST Origin Insertion Nerve Function / Action
2 occipital bellies
and facial nerve
occipitofrontalis 2 frontal bellies galea aponeurotia [CNVII] raises the eyebrows
posterior
superior nuchal line of the auricular nerve
occipital bone mastoid part (facial nerve moves the scalp
occipitalis of the temporal bone galea aponeurotica [CNVII]) back
Moves skin of
forehead medially
and inferiorly
Corrugator Intermediate third of skin of Facial nerve (towards root of
supercilii Nasal part of frontal bone eyebrow [CNVII] nose)
depressor Nasal part of the frontal Medial third of skin of Facial nerve Moves skin of
supercilii bone, medial rim of orbit eyebrow [CNVII] eyebrows inferiorly
Extraocular muscles :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
7 mm temporal to
lateral the corneal limbus abducens nerve [CNVI] abducts the eyeball
Oblique muscles :
facial nerve
[CNVII]
Auriculares
auricularis Mastoid process of temporal bone and Dorsal part of the facial nerve
posterior tendon of sternocleidomastoid pinna [CNVII]
Muscles of the inner ear :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
tensor Eustachian handle of the medial pterygoid nerve from tensing the tympanic
tympani tube malleus mandibular nerve [CNV3] membrane
Nose :
NASALIS :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
transverse
part buccal branch of
(compressor Alveolar yoke of the canine lateral nasal facial nerve compression of
naris) tooth cartilage [CNVII] nostrils
compress the
Alveolar processes of the buccal branch of cheeks against the
maxilla and mandible, in the fibres of the the facial nerve teeth (blowing),
Buccinator pterygomandibular raphe orbicularis oris [CNVII] mastication.
Orbicularis
oris maxilla and mandible skin around the lips puckers the lips
Zygomatic muscles :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
zygomatic bone in region of modiolus of buccal branch of the draws angle of mouth
Major zygomaticomaxillary suture mouth facial nerve [CNVII] upward and laterally
Angle of
anterior two-thirds of mandible, Masseteric nerve, Elevation (as in closing
inferior margin of the masseteric from mandibular of the mouth) and
masseter zygomatic arch and maxilla tuberosity nerve [CNV3] retraction of mandible
Temporal lines on the coronoid process mandibular nerve elevation and retraction
Temporalis parietal bone of the skull of the mandible [CNV3] of mandible
Pterygoid muscles :
Muscl
e Origin Insertion Nerve Action
Medial deep head: medial side of medial angle medial pterygoid nerve elevates mandible, closes jaw,
lateral pterygoid plate of the from the mandibular helps lateral pterygoid muscle in
behind the upper teeth mandible nerve [CNV3] moving the jaw from side to side
superficial head:
pyramidal process of
palatine bone and
maxillary tuberosity
Tongue :
Extrinsic muscle :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
intrinsic
lesser cornu and muscular depresses tongue (some
body of the hyoid fibers of the hypoglossal consider this muscle to be part
Chondroglossus bone tongue nerve of hyoglossus)
inferior surface
verticalis borders of hypoglossal
muscle Dorsum of tongue tongue nerve flattens
Soft palate :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
Moves and
changes shape of
musculus uvulae hard palate the uvula
Palatopharyngeus palatine upper border of thyroid vagus nerve and Aids in respiration by
aponeurosis and cartilage (blends with cranial accessory pulling the pharynx
hard palate constrictor fibers) nerve and larynx
Pharynx :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
Cartilage of
the posterior fasciculus of vagus nerve and
Eustachian the pharyngopalatinus cranial accessory raise the
salpingopharyngeus tube muscle nerve nasopharynx
Pharyngeal muscles :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
external laryngeal
Inferior cricoid and thyroid cartilage pharyngeal raphe branch of the vagus Swallowing
cricothyroid anterior and lateral inferior cornu and external tension and elongation of the
laryngeal
lamina of the branch of the vocal folds (has minor
cricoid cartilage thyroid cartilage vagus adductory effect)
recurrent
arytenoid laryngeal
arytenoid cartilage cartilage on the branch of the approximate the arytenoid
Arytenoid on one side opposite side vagus cartilages (close rima glottidis)
Anterior belly:
digastric fossa
(mandible) Intermediate Anterior belly : mandibular Opens the jaw when
Posterior belly: tendon (lesser nerve [CNV3] via the the masseter and the
mastoid process horn of hyoid mylohyoid nerve Posterior temporalis are
Digastric of temporal bone bone) belly : facial nerve [CNVII] relaxed.
Geniohyoid Symphysis menti Anterior surface of C1 via hypoglossal nerve Elevates the hyoid
and the tongue
body of hyoid upward during
bone deglutition
Infrahyoid muscle :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
manubrium of Ansa
Sternohyoid sternum hyoid bone cervicalis depress hyoid bone
C2, C3,
Longus C4, C5, Flexes the neck
colli Transverse processes of C-3 - C-6 Anterior arch of atlas C6 and head
ascending cervical
transverse artery, superficial
processes of C4 - cervical artery C6, Elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to
posterior C6 2nd rib C7, C8 the same side
Levator Posterior Superior part of cervical nerve (C3, Elevates scapula and tilts its
tubercles of
transverse
processes of C1 - medial border C4) and dorsal glenoid cavity inferiorly by
scapulae C4 of scapula scapular nerve (C5) rotating scapula
Obliquus
capitis spinous process lateral mass of
inferior of the axis atlas suboccipital nerve
Posterior muscle :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
Obliquus
capitis lateral half of the
superior Lateral mass of atlas inferior nuchal line suboccipital nerve
posterior
Transversospinales transverse process spinous process branches
spinous processes of
the upper four
transverse processes of thoracic and lower
Semispinalis the sixth to the tenth two cervical
thoracis (dorsi) thoracic vertebrae vertebrae
Transversal process of
lower cervical and area between superior
Semispinalis capitis higher thoracal and inferior nuchal greater
(complexus) columna line occipital nerve Extends the head
posterior
Rotatores transverse process spinous process branch
Extension,
flexion and
posterior rami rotation of
of spinal vertebral
Interspinales spinous process spinous process nerves column.
ligamentum nuchae, spinous Mastoid process of temporal C3, Extend, rotate, and
Capitis process of C7-T6 and occipital bone C4 laterally flex the head
Internal Rib - inferior border rib - superior border intercostal nerves hold ribs steady
Costal cartilages of
last 3-4 ribs, body of
Transversus sternum, xiphoid
thoracis process ribs/costal cartilages 2-6 intercostal nerves depresses ribs
pubic
symphysis
and pubic
Pyramidalis crest linea alba subcostal nerve (T12) tensing the linea alba
closing in the
back part of the
sacral nerves: S4, S5 or outlet of the
Coccygeus sacrospinous ligament S3-S4 pelvis
Levator ani :
Pubococcygeus back of the pubis and coccyx and levator ani nerve (S4) controls urine
from the anterior part of sacrum inferior rectal nerve flow and
the obturator fascia from pudendal nerve contracts during
(S3, S4) coccygeal orgasm
plexus
Sphincter ani :
S4 and twigs
from inferior keep the anal canal and
anal nerves of anus closed, aids in the
Externus pudendal nerve expulsion of the feces
Superficial perineal
pouch :
central
Transversus perinei anterior part of ischial point of
superficialis tuberosity perineum pudendal nerve
Deep perineal
pouch :
its fellow of
Transversus perinei inferior rami of the the opposite
profundus ischium side pudendal nerve
Retracts the
scapula and
rotates it to
depress the
glenoid cavity.
nuchal ligaments, spinous fixes the scapula
processes of C7-T5 medial border of the dorsal scapular nerve to the thoracic
Rhomboids vertebrae scapula (C4 and C5) wall.
Retracts the
scapula and
rotates it to
medial border of the depress the
scapula, inferior to glenoid cavity. It
the insertion of also fixes the
Rhomboid spinous processes of the rhomboid minor dorsal scapular nerve scapula to the
major T2 to T5 vertebrae muscle (C4 and C5) thoracic wall.
Retracts the
scapula and
rotates it to
medial border of the depress the
scapula, superior to glenoid cavity. It
nuchal ligaments and the insertion of also fixes the
Rhomboid spinous processes of C7- rhomboid major dorsal scapular nerve scapula to the
minor to T1 vertebrae muscle (C4 and C5) thoracic wall.
Elevates scapula
and tilts its
posterior tubercles of superior part of cervical nerve (C3, glenoid cavity
levator transverse processes of C1 medial border of C4) and dorsal inferiorly by
scapulae - C4 vertebrae scapula scapular nerve (C5) rotating scapula
Thoracic walls :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
long thoracic
fleshy slips from the costal aspect of nerve (from roots protract and stabilize
Serratus outer surface of medial margin of the of brachial plexus scapula, assists in
anterior upper 8 or 9 ribs scapula C5, C6, C7) upward rotation
Shoulder Muscle :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
shoulder abduction,
clavicle, acromion, deltoid tuberosity of flexion, and
Deltoid spine of the scapula humerus Axillary nerve extension
Rotator cuff :
Lateral rotation of
middle facet of arm & Adduction of
infraspinous fossa greater tubercle of the arm and stabilizes
Infraspinatus of the scapula humerus suprascapular nerve humerus
inferior facet of
lateral border of the greater tubercle of the laterally rotates and
Teres minor scapula humerus axillary nerve adducts the arm
upper subscapular
nerve, lower rotates medially
lesser tubercle of subscapular nerve humerus stabilizes
Subscapularis subscapular fossa humerus (C5, C6) shoulder
Arm :
Anterior compartment :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
flexes and
coracoid process of adducts at
Coracobrachialis scapula medial humerus musculocutaneous nerve shoulder joint
long head:Infraglenoid
tubercle of the scapula
lateral head: posterior
humerus - above radial
grove
medial head: posterior extends forearm, caput longum
Triceps humerus-under radial olecranon process of radial adducts shoulder, medial head
brachii groove ulna nerve does not function at shoulder
Anconeus Lateral epicondyle of lateral surface of the radial partly blended in with the
the humerus olecranon process and nerve triceps, which it assists in
extension of the forearm.
Stabilises the elbow and
the superior part of (C7, C8, abducts the ulna during
the posterior ulna and T1) pronation.
Forearm :
Anterior compartment :
Superficial :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
medial epicondyle of
Palmaris humerus (common flexor palmar
longus tendon) aponeurosis median nerve wrist flexor
Flexor medial epicondyle of the phalanges II-V median nerve flexor of fingers
digitorum humerus (common flexor (primarily at proximal
superficialis tendon), as well as parts of interphalangeal joints)
the radius and ulna
Deep :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
lateral,
anterior
pronator medial, anterior surface of the surface of the median nerve (anterior weakly pronates
quadratus ulna radius interosseous nerve) the forearm
extensor at the
wrist joint,
abducts the
Extensor carpi lateral supracondylar hand at the
radialis longus ridge 2nd metacarpal radial nerve wrist
thumb, posterior
Extensor proximal interosseous nerve extension of thumb at
pollicis brevis radius phalanx (C7, C8) metacarpophalangeal joint
Hand :
Lateral volar:
Thenar :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
median nerve,
Flexor deep branch of
pollicis trapezoid, flexor thumb, proximal ulnar nerve
brevis retinaculum phalanx (medial head) Flexes the thumb
Abductor Transverse carpal Radial base of Median nerve Abducts the thumb
pollicis ligament, the scaphoid and proximal phalanx of
thumb and the thumb
brevis trapezium extensors
Hypothenar
Opponens Hook of hamate Medial border of 5th deep branch of Draws 5th metacarpal
digiti minimi and flexor metacarpal ulnar nerve (C8 anteriorly and rotates it,
bringing little finger (5th
digit) into opposition with
retinaculum and T1) thumb
Intermediate :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
deep branch of
flexor digitorum extensor ulnar nerve, flex metacarpophalangeal joints,
lumbrical profundus expansion median nerve extend interphalangeal joints
Psoas transverse processes, in the lesser trochanter of the Lumbar flexes and rotates
major bodies and discs of femur plexus via laterally thigh
T12-L5 anterior
branches of
L1, L2, L3
femoral nerve
Iliacus iliac fossa lesser trochanter of femur (L2, L3) flexes hip
Gluteal :
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
Tensor
fasciae Superior gluteal Thigh - flexion, medial
latae Iliac crest iliotibial tract nerve (L4, L5) rotation trunk stabilization.
Gluteus Gluteal surface of Greater trochanter superior gluteal Works in concert with
minimus ilium, under gluteus of the femur nerve (L4, L5, S1 gluteus medius: abduction
muscle medius nerve roots) of the hip preventing
adduction of the hip.
Medial rotation of thigh.
Obturator nerve,
nerve to the
Lateral at or below the on or near the Piriformis, nerve
rotator acetabulum of the greater trochanter to quadratus
group ilium of the femur femoris lateral rotation of hip
nerve to the
Piriformis (S1
and S2 nerve laterally rotate (outward)
Piriformis Sacrum greater trochanter roots) the thigh
Nerve to
Quadratus
Inferior Obturator internus femoris (L4, L5,
gemellus Ischial tuberosity tendon S1) Rotates laterally thigh
Nerve to
Superior Obturator internus obturator internus
gemellus spine of the ischium tendon (L5, S1, S2) Rotates laterally thigh
Vastus antero/ lateral femur patella and tibial femoral extends knee
tuberosity via the
intermedius patellar ligament nerve
adduction of hip,
flexion of hip,
inferior pubic tibia (pes anterior branch of obturator medial rotation of
Gracilis ramus anserinus) nerve knee
superior pubic lesser trochanter, femoral nerve and obturator flexion &
Pectineus ramus linea aspera nerve (medial compartment) adduction of hip
the lesser
anterior surface trochanter and
Adductor of the inferior linea aspera of the anterior branch of obturator
brevis pubic ramus femur nerve adduction of hip
Deep Fibular
Fibularis distal anterior surface of dorsal surface of (peroneal)
tertius the fibula metatarsal 5 nerve dorsi flexes and everts foot
Posterior compartment :
Superficial muscles List :
Muscle Name Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action
posterior
achilles tendon, tibial tibial plantarflexes
Triceps surae calcaneus artery nerve ankle joint
lateral supracondylar
ridge of femur above Calcaneal tendon
lateral head of (medial side, deep to sural tibial plantarflexes
plantaris gastrocnemius gastrocnemius tendon) arteries nerve ankle joint
DEEP
Muscle
Name Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action
middle facet of
lateral surface of posterior tibia
lateral femoral under tibial medially rotates
popliteus condyle condyles popliteal artery tibial nerve and flexes knee
distal
flexor phalanges of
digitorum lateral four posterior tibial
longus medial tibia digits artery tibial nerve flexes toes
Lateral compartment
Muscle
Name Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action
extensor extends
digitorum digits 2, 3,
brevis calcaneus toes deep fibular nerve and 4
base of
extensor proximal
hallucis calcaneus phalanx of big extends
brevis deep toe deep fibular nerve big toe
medial process of
calcaneus, flexor medial side of base medial
abductor retinaculum, plantar of proximal phalanx plantar abducts
hallucis aponeurosis of first digit nerve hallux
medial process of
flexor calcaneus, plantar medial flexes
digitorum aponeurosis, intermuscular middle phalanges of plantar lateral four
brevis septa digits 2-5 nerve toes
lateral
lateral plantar flexes and
abductor phalanges of fifth plantar nerve (S1, abducts fifth
digiti minimi plantar aponeurosis toe artery S2) toe
Second layer
Muscle
Name Origin Insertion Artery Nerve Action
flexes distal
interphalangeal
quadratus tendons of flexor lateral plantar joints (assists flexor
plantae calcaneus digitorum longus nerve (S1, S2) digitorum longus)
flexor plantar surface of medial head: medial sesamoid medial plantar flexes big
bone of metatarsophalangeal
joint, proximal phalanx of
great toe
cuneiforms, plantar lateral head: lateral sesamoid
calcaneocuboid bone of metatarsophalangeal
hallucis ligament, long plantar joint, proximal phalanx of
brevis liga great toe nerve toe