Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics

Fundamentals of Individualized Nutrition

2020, Pages 27-32

Chapter 4 - The Role of Nutrition in DNA Replication, DNA Damage

Prevention and DNA Repair
Michael Fenech

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https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804572-5.00004-5 ↗
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Abstract
Several essential nutrients are required for nucleotide synthesis and DNA replication (folate, vitamin
B12, magnesium, zinc, iron), maintenance of DNA methylation and chromosome stability (folate,
vitamin B12), prevention of DNA oxidation (vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, manganese, selenium), and
DNA damage sensing and repair (niacin, zinc, iron, magnesium). Deficiency in these micronutrients
increases DNA replication stress and genomic instability, exacerbates susceptibility to DNA damage
caused by endogenous and environmental genotoxins, and, furthermore, disables normal control of
gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, it has become increasingly evident that
severe protein calorie deficiency and excessive caloric intake leading to overweight/obesity are also
associated with high augmentation of DNA damage, indicating the important role of appropriate
macronutrient intake in genome integrity maintenance. Because DNA damage is the most
fundamental pathology at the cellular level, it is essential to start defining dietary reference values
based on DNA damage prevention and explore the feasibility of personalized nutrition for
maintenance of genome integrity.

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Keywords
DNA damage; DNA repair; DNA replication; Minerals; Nutrients; Vitamins

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