M Prakash Institute STD VII

Pre Foundation Lecture 8

RATIO AND PROPORTION

What is Ratio?
Ratio is the comparison between two quantities in terms of their magnitudes. The ratio
of two quantities is equivalent to a fraction that one quantity is of the other.

Remember:
• In the ratio of two quantities the two quantities must be of the same kind and in same
unit.
• The ratio is a pure number, i.e., without any unit of measurement.
• The ratio would stay unaltered even if both the numerator and the denominator are
multiplied or divided by the same number.
• A ratio a : b is said to be in lowest form or simplest form if the HCF of a and b is 1.

Properties of Ratios
a1 a2 a3 a1 + a2 + a3 + . . .
(i) = = = ... =
b1 b2 b3 b1 + b2 + b 3 + . . .
This means that if two or more ratios are equal, then the ratio whose numerator is the
sum of the numerators of all the ratios and denominator is the sum of the denominators
of all the ratios is equal to each of the given ratio.
35 7 35 7 35 + 7 42
Since = ∴ = = =
50 10 50 10 50 + 10 60
a
(ii) If a quantity n is divided into two parts in the ratio a : b then first part = ×n
a+b
b
and second part = × n.
a+b
a
If a quantity n is divided into three parts in the ratio a : b : c then first part = ×n,
a+b+c
b c
second part = × n and third part = × n.
a+b+c a+b+c

Comparison of Ratios
Method - I : Cross Multiplication Method
a c a c
> , if ad > bc & < , if ad < bc
b d b d
For example:
6 3 4 7
> because 6 × 5 > 7 × 3 and < because 4 × 8 < 5 × 7
7 5 5 8
Method - II : Denominator Equating Method
By making the denominator of each ratio equal to the LCM of the denominators of both
ratios, we can compare the two ratios by checking their numerators. If two ratios have
same denominator then the ratio with greater numerator is greater.
Types of Ratios
(i) Duplicate ratio
Duplicate ratio of x : y is x2 : y 2 .

(ii) Triplicate ratio

Triplicate ratio of x : y is x3 : y 3 .

(iii) Subduplicate ratio

√ √
Subduplicate ratio of x : y is x: y.

(iv) Subtriplicate ratio

√ √
Subtriplicate ratio of x : y is 3
x : 3 y.

(v) Reciprocal or Inverse ratio

1 1
Reciprocal ratio of a : b is : or b : a.
a b
(vi) Compounded ratio
Compounded ratio of two or more ratios say
a c e ace . . . . . . Product of numerator
, , , . . . . . . etc. is i.e.
b d f bdf . . . . . . Product of denominator

Classwork:

1. Find the ratio of the following:

(a) Speed of cycle 15 Km/Hr. to speed of scooter 30 Km/Hr.
(b) 5 m to 10 km
(c) 50 paise to Rs. 5

2. The ratio of marks of Shanta and Narmada is 5 : 6. The sum of their marks is 132.
Find the marks of Narmada.

3. The present ages of Raman and Pavan are in a ratio 4 : 5. The product of their ages
numerically is equal to 980. Find the difference between their ages.

4. The ratio of present ages of two brothers is 4 : 5. After 10 years, the ratio of their ages
would be 6 : 7. Find the age of elder brother after 15 years.

5. The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of the digits of that number is
4 : 1. If the digit in the unit’s place is 3 more than the digit in the tens place, what is the
number?

6. Divide Rs 16250 among A, B and C in the ratio 5 : 7 : 13

7. An alloy contains copper and zinc in the ratio 7 : 3. If it contains 12.6 gm of copper,
how much does this alloy weigh?

8. Rama invested Rs, 6000 and started a business. After 7 months Govinda invested some
amount in the same business. At the end of the year Govinda got half of the total profit.
What is Govinda’s investment in the business?
9. A bag contains coins of Re. 1, 50 paise and 25 paise in the ratio 5 : 9 : 4. What is the
worth of the bag, if the total number of coins in the bag is 72?

10. There is four years difference in the present ages of Prachi and Shachi. Five years
ago, the ratio of their ages was 5:3. Find the present age of Shachi.

Homework:

1. Out of 30 students in a class, 6 like football, 12 like cricket and remaining like tennis.
(a) Number of students liking football to number of students liking tennis.
(b) Number of students liking cricket to total number of students.
(c) Number of students liking cricket to number of students liking tennis.
(d) Number of students liking football to total number of students.

2. If 20% of x and 25% of y are equal. Find the ratio of x : y

3. In a mixture of 35 litres, the ratio of milk to water is 4 : 1. If 7 litres of water are

added to the mixture, find the new ratio of milk to water in the new mixture.

4. In an examination, the ratio of number of students passed to the number of students

failed is 4 : 1. If 20 more students had appeared, and 2 more had passed, then the ratio
would have been 2 : 1. Find the number of students who appeared for the exam initially.

5. The ratio of milk and water in 64 liters of a mixture is 5 : 3. What amount of water is
added to make the ratio 3 : 5?

6. The ratio between two numbers is 11 : 7. If the difference of the numbers is 40, find
the numbers.

7. Nikhil is 9 years old. The ratio of the ages of Nakul and Nikhil is 4 : 3. What will be
the ratio of their ages after 6 years?
1 1 1
8. Rs. 154 is divided in three people the ratio : : . How much amount is left after
2 4 8
the distribution?

9. Ratio of two numbers is 3 : 7. If seven is subtracted from the smaller number and
seventeen is added to the greater number, the new ratio is 1 : 3. Find the smaller number.

10. Ratio of the investment of ‘A’ & ‘B’ is 15 : 12 and the ratio of their time of investment
is 9 : 15. Find the ratio of their profit.
Answer Key:

Classwork:
Que no. Answer
1 (a) 1:2 (b) 1:2000 (c) 1:10
2 72
3 7
4 40
5 36
6 3250, 4550, 8450
7 18
8 14400
9 42
10 11

Homework:
Que no. Answer
1 (a) 1:2 (b) 2:5 (c) 1:1 (d) 1:5
2 5:4
3 2:1
4 85
5 42.66
6 110 & 70
7 6:5
8 19.25
9 57
10 3:4