LAB 1

Exercise purpose:
Familiarizing students with the description of intermolecular interactions adhesion
and cohesion forces, as well as measurement methods of surface tension of
liquids.

Topics for test

-Explain what the surface tension is.
Surface tension occurs when the liquid surfaces is decreased into the
minimum surface area possible. Surface tension allows insects usually denser than
water, to float and slide on a water surface. It acts like an elastic sheet.
-Which processes occurring in biological systems are affected by surface tension?
Research has revealed that forces generated by surface tension play a leading role
in The position rearrangement of cells and act in minimizing the exposed area of
the aggregate. Cell-cell adhesion is maintained through specific adhesion
molecules such as cadherins which are expressed on the cell surface.

Introduction: Torsion scales are used to measure surface tension. The torsion scale features lightweight,
precisely balanced lever with minimal friction bearings. The frame is suspended from the free end of the
lever. Immerse the frame in the test solution. Before measuring, use the rotary knob on the scale leg to level
the scale. Then use the metal button at the bottom right of the scale case to unlock the scale (the red dot
should be set to the letter "O"). The large black knob on the right side of the scale body changes the range of
zeros (check the small window on the scale). Once unlocked, you'll need to reset the scale to zero in the air
using the large black and small metal buttons on the left side of the case (must be zero in both directions).
Then pour the test solution into the tray and immerse the frame in the tray. caveat! Lift the liquid tray to sink
the frame. Do not pull on the frame. The scale may be damaged. Gently turn the large black knob on the left
side of the case to remove the frame from the liquid. The value of the pulling force F from the frame can be
read on the rotation scale. At the end of the measurement, set the weight knob to the "Z" position. The force F
required to pull the frame off the liquid surface is equal to the sum of the forces obtained from the frame
weight P and the surface tension Q.

Instrument: Torsion bal

 Measurements and results This is the mass reading of water, denatured ethyl alcohol, and
glycerin on a balanced rotary balance.
Water: 650, 668, 660, 680, 678, 672, 688, 688, 678 (mg)
Denaturated ethyl alcohol: 476, 470, 472, 468, 484, 482, 484, 476, 472 (mg)
Glycecrine: 698,700, 694, 690, 692, 698, 696, 700, 698 (mg)
For the estimation we really want additionally the formel y = Q/2L
obviously we want that for the assurance of the

worth of surface pressure length of edge.

Presently we know currently the worth of water which is in initial

one 650

P is 320mg

We are simply going to utilize our formel which is Q = F - P

Q = 650 - 320 = 330 so and Q = 348,340,360,358,352,368,358

Etc Q an incentive for the water is 353.

We will essentially do likewise with Denatured ethyl liquor

We realize p esteem which is 320 we need to track down the Q

So Q = 476 - 320= 156 so Q = 156

With Glycerine is something similar so Q = 698 - 320 = 378

Be that as it may, the Q at the ende is 376

After we observed Q we need to change over it into Newton :

Q w= 353.56x10^-6x9.81= 3.468x10^-3

It is Q water less newton = 3.468x10^-3

However at that point we are going to Q liquor - newton

The outcome if Q alco= 1.53036x10^-3

Similar we just did it with glycerine Q g = 3.691x10^-3

Surface Tension of Liquids: presently do the surface pressure of

fluid we really want to utilize this formel Y = Q ÷

2(L)

The rest is simply estimation Y water= 3,468x10^-3/(2x0,023) =

75.391 x 10^-3 N/m

Y alcohol= 33,261 x 10^-3 N/m

Y glycerine = 80,239 x 10^-3 N/m

FAWZI JARKIN 142237