Carry Out Vehicle Safety Inspections

Carry out vehicle safety inspections
For the following units: AURTTA017 – Carry out vehicle safety inspections
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AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 2 of 62

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CONTENTS
LESSON ONE ................................................................................. 7
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS & REASONING, STATE

REGULATION OVERVIEW ............................................................ 7
Water Resources Protection............................................................................................ 8
Water Quality..................................................................................................................... 8
Stormwater Safe Car Washing........................................................................................ 9
Vehicle inspection ...........................................................................................................12
Australian Capital Territory .............................................................................................12
New South Wales ...........................................................................................................13
Northern Territory ............................................................................................................13
Queensland .....................................................................................................................13
South Australia ................................................................................................................13
Tasmania .........................................................................................................................14
Victoria..............................................................................................................................14
Western Australia............................................................................................................14
LESSON TWO .............................................................................. 15
GENERAL SAFETY VEHICLE INSPECTION TOPICS ................. 15

Personal Safety ...............................................................................................................16
Develop Safety Awareness ...........................................................................................16
Roadworthy Certificate (RWC) ......................................................................................19
Wheels and Tyres ...........................................................................................................20
Steering & Suspension...................................................................................................21
Brakes ..............................................................................................................................23
Seats and Seat Belts ......................................................................................................24
Lamps, Signals, Reflectors ............................................................................................24
Exhaust and Emission....................................................................................................25
Windscreen and Windows .............................................................................................25

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Body and Chassis...........................................................................................................26

Bumper bars ....................................................................................................................27
Accessories .....................................................................................................................27
Engine and Driveline.......................................................................................................27
LPG & Fuel System ........................................................................................................28
Driving Controls & Padding ............................................................................................28
Speedometer...................................................................................................................28
Rear Vision Mirror ...........................................................................................................28
Horn ..................................................................................................................................29
Battery & Electrical Wiring ..............................................................................................29
LESSON THREE .......................................................................... 31
CLEANING EQUIPMENT AND PROCESSES .............................. 31

Detailed Step by step safety check Standards Examples (Based on ACT requirments)
..........................................................................................................................................32
Brakes ..............................................................................................................................32
Service brake test with a decelerometer.......................................................................33
Brake testing with a skid-plate tester.............................................................................36
Brake testing with a roller brake tester ..........................................................................36
Towing Attachment .........................................................................................................38
Steering and Suspension...............................................................................................38
Examine the idler arm.....................................................................................................40
Visually inspect the suspension.....................................................................................40
Wheel and Tyres.............................................................................................................41
Visually inspect each road tyre. .....................................................................................42
Body Condition ................................................................................................................42
Visually inspect the windscreen and front side windows. ...........................................43
Test the light transmittance level of the windscreen, side and rear windows. ..........44
Inspect the wheel arches/mudguards and mudflaps, with the wheels in the ' straight
ahead' position.................................................................................................................45
Visually inspect rear vision mirrors ................................................................................46
Check the operation of seats, seat belts, buckles and other restraints, and inspect
webbing and metal stalks...............................................................................................46
Visually inspect and check the operation of the windscreen wipers. .........................47

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Reasons for rejection ......................................................................................................47

Check the operation of the horn. ...................................................................................47
Visually inspect the front and rear number plates........................................................47
Speedometer...................................................................................................................48
Lighting .............................................................................................................................48
Visually inspect and check the operation of all lights fitted to the vehicle. .................48
Visually inspect front and rear lights for the presence of tinted covers. .....................50
Using a headlight tester, check the aim of the headlights...........................................50
Visually inspect the headlights. ......................................................................................50
Engine Compartment & Driveline..................................................................................51
Visually inspect the exhaust system. ............................................................................51
Visually inspect the fuel system. ....................................................................................52
Fuel Systems LPG / NGV Vehicles ..............................................................................53
Visually inspect the LPG or NGV container .................................................................55
Visually inspect the container anchorages and straps ................................................56
Visually inspect remote filled internally mounted containers.......................................57
Visually inspect direct filled internally mounted containers..........................................58
Visually inspect externally mounted containers ...........................................................58
Visually inspect ullage and safety valves......................................................................59
Visually inspect hydrostatic relief valves .......................................................................59
Visually inspect fuel lines, joints and connections........................................................60
Visually inspect shut off devices, converters (vaporiser regulators), fuel selectors and
air/gas mixers ..................................................................................................................60
Test the operation of the fuel containment system......................................................61

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LESSON ONE
Environmental Regulations & Reasoning, State

regulation overview
UNDERPINNING KNOWLEDGE
 Aspects of environmental legislation and its implications to work being
undertaken
 Characteristics and potential environmental impact of products used in
automotive mechanical workplace or business
 State regulations relating to Safety / RWC inspections

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Water Resources Protection

The Water Act provides for the investigation, use, control, protection,
management and administration of water resources.
The Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Environment (DIPE) is

responsible for administration of the Act. The Minister appoints a Controller of
Water Resources, usually from the Conservation & Natural Resources Division
(CNR) of DIPE, for day to day administering of the Act and its Regulations.
This includes issuing licences and permits, and intervening in cases of

pollution, depletion of water or inequitable distribution. The issue of Waste
Discharge Licences administered by Regulatory Services of the Office of
Environment &Heritage.
Decisions of the Controller can be appealed via the Minister, who may
constitute a Water Resources Review Panel.
Water Quality
Protecting our precious water resources is essential to our natural lifestyle.
Sustainable development requires maintaining and enhancing the Territory’s
surface and groundwater quality.
Water quality is currently protected by the adoption of the community based

beneficial use declarations and environmental values for each water body
under the Water Act.
Water quality management goals, appropriate indicators of water quality and

water quality objectives are developed to protect the required values and
beneficial uses. Water quality objectives are the “numbers” which reflect the
various physicochemical indicators of water quality (such as turbidity, pH, salt
levels, and nutrient levels) that need to be maintained to sustain a particular
value or use for water. Water quality monitoring is undertaken as a partnership
between industry, government and the community to assess whether water
quality values and uses are being maintained.
Water quality monitoring can be in the form of physical and chemical testing
undertaken in laboratories, or can be undertaken using biological indicators
such as the AUSRIVAS rapid biological assessment system (please see
aquatic health publications for more information).

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Community groups such as Greening Australia undertake water quality testing

to help manage our water resources.
Water pollution can be grouped into two main components –point source
pollution, or pollution from a single industry such as a sewage treatment plant,
and diffuse source pollution, or low level pollution from large areas that is
carried by runoff from bare soils, roads, and other areas subject to poor water
management.
Point source pollution produced by large industries is regulated by waste

discharge licences that set discharge limits, and establish mixing zones and
environmental monitoring programs to verify the discharge limits are being met.
Draft environmental guidelines for waste discharge management are available
on request to the EPA to provide a framework for risk management, mixing
zone management and environmental monitoring. Diffuse source pollution is
managed through industry codes of practice and environmental guidelines.
Stormwater Safe Car Washing
Cars washed in the street can pollute our creeks and harbors. The
wastewater that runs off a car contains a range of substances that may
pollute the environment. These include soaps and detergents, mud, rubber
and grease.
If these substances enter the stormwater system, they will eventually find
their way into our lakes, rivers, and harbors. Stormwater, unlike the water
that enters the sewers, does not undergo treatment before it is discharged
into our waterways.
Polluting waterways is a breach of the Waste Management and Pollution

Control Act and may result in action being taken against the individual or
company concerned.
Department Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts receives

enquiries from car owners concerned that they may be fined for washing
their cars on the street. Car owners want to know how to wash their cars in
ways that minimise the impact on the environment.

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Where to Wash Your Car

Wash your car on a grassy area to minimise the runoff. However, if this
grassy area is on a nature strip, make sure you are not causing any
disruption or inconvenience to pedestrians as this is an offence against by-
laws administered by local councils.
Wash your car in the driveway if it drains onto a lawn or garden area. Avoid
using the driveway if the run off goes into the street. Always ensure that the
area where you wash your car does not drain into the stormwater system,
including the drains in the street.
If you have no suitable area to wash your car, look for an alternative location
- perhaps your friends or neighbours have a suitable area you can use.
Some service stations provide an area for car washing, where runoff water
is contained and treated to remove certain pollutants before it goes into the
sewer. There are increasing numbers of purpose built carwash facilities for
the public. (see Vehicle/Plant or Equipment Washing/Cleaning Facilities).
When You Wash Your Car

Use a trigger hose - or even better, a bucket to save water.
Use detergents and soaps sparingly. Better still, just use plain water, a
coarse sponge and a little elbow grease.
Dispose of wastewater onto a garden or lawn. Consider washing your car
only once a month.
Commercial Car Washes

Commercial car wash premises treat wastewater before disposing of it in the
sewer. There are also some newer commercial car washes which clean,
recycle and reuse water in their 'do it yourself' car wash bays. These
systems use much less water than standard car wash premises and all
wastewater is treated before disposal. Check whether your car wash
company recycles its water. Car wash companies are listed in the Yellow
Pages under motor car cleaning services.
For more information, contact:
Environment Heritage and the Arts Division
Department of Natural Resources, Environment,
NOTE: Stormwater and washdown water pollution from building sites and
Commercial/Industrial premises

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NOTE: Soil erosion on building sites can be a major source of sediment pollution
in our waterways. In fact, a single building block can lose four truckloads
of soil in one storm. Washed from the sites into stormwater drains this
sediment and any other contaminant materials such as oils, greases,
paints, heavy metals and litter is eventually deposited in creeks, rivers
and lakes in the area. Although a single block of land, on which your
building or business sits, may seem a small part of the water catchment,
the cumulative effect of polluted runoff from a number of building sites
can have a dramatic impact on water quality.
Who's responsible
The owner and the builder are responsible for controlling soil erosion and
preventing sediment from the building site from being washed into stormwater
drains.
As an example, under section 83 of the Waste Management and Pollution

Control Act 1998 heavy fines, including on-the-spot fines ($200 for individuals
and $1000 for corporations), may be imposed if a person allows soil, earth,
mud, clay, concrete washings or similar material to be washed, or placed in a
position from where it is likely to be washed, into stormwater drains.
Large scale land development, which requires a soil and water management
plan that is acceptable to the local council and the Environment, Heritage and
the Arts Division, will not be discussed in this paper.
The following information applies to owner-builders or single building block
construction sites.
Things that can cause common problems to be aware of:
coolants This liquid can leak onto the roads and will be washed into the
drains and waterways. It is harmful to aquatic life. A poorly
maintained system can result in the engine to overheat and over
pressurise the system causing overflow.
oils This liquid can leak onto roads and will be washed into drains and
waterways. It floats on top of the water and kills of aquatic life as
well as effecting birds and insects.
exhaust emissions This gas effects the environment on many levels. As part of its
make up it has carbon monoxide which is deadly. Hydrocarbons
react in the presence of nitrogen oxides an sunlight to form ground
level ozone, a major component of smog,
evaporative fuel This gas is more vapour. It is rich in hydro carbons and highly
emissions flammable. It also significantly adds to the greenhouse effect.

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The effect on the environment

There are a number of environmental problems directly associated with
pollution from building sites.
 Water carrying pollutants like soil and soil nutrients, as well as building
materials such as concrete residues, run off building sites and enter
stormwater drains with subsequent pollution of natural watercourses.
 The changes to natural land surfaces and drainage patterns, which
accompany urban development, can result in natural watercourses
becoming turbid, silted, littered and undesirably enriched with nutrients. This
nutrient-rich water often develops algal blooms.
 When turbid water restricts sunlight filtration, photosynthesis is reduced and
productivity of the aquatic ecosystem suffers.
 Watercourses are subject to increased flooding and an increase in cross-
sectional area where catchments have been cleared of vegetation.
 Subsequent flooding and erosion contribute to siltation problems
downstream.
Vehicle inspection
Vehicle inspection in Australia is done on a state basis. Each state or territory
has the authority to set its own laws pertaining to vehicle inspections, all (with
the exception of the self-governing territory of Norfolk Island) have some form
of inspection, either periodically or before a transfer of ownership.
Australian Capital Territory

Vehicles in the following categories must be inspected by an authorised vehicle
examiner:
 When registering a brand new vehicle for the first time (usually the
dealer does this prior to delivery)
 Upon transfer of ownership if the vehicle is over six years old
 Before transferring a registration from interstate regardless of the
vehicle's age
 Before re-registering a vehicle if the previous registration was canceled
or expired more than 12 months ago
 If a defect notice is issued
Once a vehicle is registered, it generally will not need to be inspected again if it
remains with the same owner. However, the Australian Capital Territory has a
random inspection scheme, vehicles can be spot checked whether occupied or
not. If faults are discovered, a defect notice can be issued in which case the
owner will be required to have repairs made, and obtain a full inspection from a
licensed examiner with 14 days to clear the notice. If egregious safety violations
are found, the vehicle's registration can be suspended on the spot and the
operator will need to have the vehicle towed.

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Vehicles powered by natural gas or propane must receive a special annual gas
inspection.
New South Wales

Vehicles over five years old are required to obtain an e-Safety Check' prior to
annual registration renewal or before transferring a registration from interstate.
This was previously known as a "Pink Slip", and the term is still used
colloquially.
Northern Territory
Vehicle Roadworthy Inspections for light vehicles (<4.5 ton GVM/ATM) are
required once the vehicle is 5 years old, 10 years old, then annually. Vehicles 5
years or older, seeking registration in the NT for the first time require a
Roadworthy Inspection. All vehicles over 10 years old require a roadworthy
inspection every year.
Queensland
Queensland Transport requires any vehicle to have a safety inspection (and the
resulting Safety Certificate prominently displayed) before it can be offered for
sale or have its interstate registration transferred. The inspection checks the
general condition of the vehicle itself (suspension, body condition, etc...) and
certain items of basic safety equipment such as the tyres, brakes, lights,
windshield, etc... The certificate is valid for 1,000 km or 3 months (whichever is
sooner) if the vehicle is being offered for sale by a dealer, and for 2,000 km or 2
months if being sold by an individual. There are some exceptions, vehicles
being sold in rural parts of the state are exempt if driving to the nearest
inspection station would present a hardship, and vehicles that are only being
sold for parts likewise do not require a safety inspection. Sellers who are
required to have a safety certificate but either do not obtain one or fail to display
it properly while the vehicle is advertised for sale are subject to a $500 on the
spot fine.
There are no periodic safety inspections in Queensland once a vehicle is

registered, however, mobile road teams conduct random emissions inspections
through a program called OVERT, and drivers may be summoned if their
vehicles are not within legal guidelines or emits visible smoke.
South Australia
The majority of privately owned vehicles do not need to be inspected to be
legally driven or have their interstate registration transferred to South Australia.
Vehicles with certain types of modifications, specifically engine, chassis, wheel-
base, seating capacity, brakes, steering, or suspension modifications require a
certificate of roadworthiness prior to registration (or as a condition of continued

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registration). Additionally, several other categories of vehicles also require a

certificate:
 Vehicles cited for safety faults by the police.
 Vehicles that were previously written off and/or salvaged.
 Rebuilt, self-constructed or homemade vehicles (such as classic car
restorations or kit cars)
 Vehicles transferred from interstate that are over seven years
old and weigh more than 4.5 tonnes (10,000 lbs).
 Vehicles that were transferred from left-hand to right-hand drive.
 Buses with a seating capacity of 13 persons or more
Tasmania
A safety inspection is required for:
 Transferring a mainland (interstate) registration to Tasmania
 Re-registering a vehicle whose previous registration expired or was
cancelled more than three months ago
 Re-registering a vehicle that was written off and repaired
 Registering a vehicle converted from left-hand to right-hand drive
Victoria
Similar to Queensland, VicRoads requires that a vehicle being sold, registered
from interstate have a current Certificate of Roadworthiness from a licensed
vehicle inspector. Additionally, vehicles that are cited by the police for safety
defects must also obtain a certificate.
Victoria does not require an inspection upon transfer of an interstate

registration if the vehicle remains with the same owner.
Western Australia
A vehicle inspection is required before a vehicle can be registered for the first
time, after a lapse in registration, if a vehicle has received certain modifications,
or has been cited for safety faults (a "yellow sticker") by the police. Certain
commercial and public transport vehicles must be inspected annually.
Western Australia does not require an inspection upon transfer of an interstate

registration if the vehicle remains with the same owner and the vehicle has
been owned for more than 12 months.

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LESSON TWO
General Safety Vehicle Inspection Topics
 WH&S general procedures
 Overview of Roadworthy / safety inspection requirements
 System break down for inspection
 Industry operational procedures
 Hazard identification

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Personal Safety
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is an effective and necessary part of

Accident Prevention Programs. Protective equipment will prevent or decrease
the severity of many potential injuries and illnesses.
We all have our own ‘DUTY of CARE’ and are required to use the PPE that is
provided for us.
If the necessary equipment is not available to safely proceed with your task DON’T
TAKE THE RISK, take the time and make the effort to obtain what is required to
complete the job.
As Apprentice Mechanics there are some items of PPE that you should wear at all
times such as FOOT PROTECTION (steel capped shoes or boots) and OVERALLS
or work shirts and pants.
Other items of PPE you may be required to use include:
 Safety Glasses or Face Shield
 Hearing Protection (Ear Muffs or Plugs)
 Gloves (Not to be worn when using rotating

equipment e.g.
Pedestal drills or Bench grinders)
 Hair Protection (Tie long hair back or wear a

cap when operating rotating equipment)
 Dust Masks or Respirators
CAUTION: An additional hazard to be aware of in the automotive trade is

the wearing of RINGS, BRACELETS or WATCHES with a metal body or wrist
strap. These items pose a risk of serious injury if they short out electrical
equipment while working on a vehicle or may become entangled in rotating
equipment
Develop Safety Awareness

Awareness is an essential part of your skill and training. As long as you are
learning anything about your job, you should be learning how to do it safely. It
is a lifetime business
The procedures you will follow when lifting heavy objects when servicing a
vehicle
 Bend at the knees and crouch as close as possible to the object being lifted.
 Ensure your back is kept straight when crouching.

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 Grip the object firmly with both hands.

 During the lift maximise the use of your leg muscles.
 Avoid twisting the body or jerking the object.
In the workshop you will be often to assess the work environment and make
assessments on risk verses the work needed to be carryout out. You need to
find ways to minimise risk. For example.
Control measure Risk

Level
Vehicle is loaded and raised to a height that endangers High risk
vehicle stability.
Payload is stable and vehicle is raised to the minimum
height to allow for tyre/wheel removal before removing the Medium
suspension risk
Vehicle is unloaded or load is reduced to a safe level prior Low risk

to the commencement of the task
Safety measure when handling lubricants, fluids or greases include.

 If grease gun is used, ensure grease gun nozzle is free of dirt.
 Be aware of the emergency plan
 Always follow the MSDS list
 Wear proper PPE such gloves, safety glasses, mask etc.
The order of the steps to plan a manual lift in order.
1. Decide in advance how to do the job.

2. Plan the route or movement of the object to be lifted.
3. Determine where to set down the object.
4. Examine the object to see where and how to hold it.
5. Remove any covering or contamination that may affect the security of
your grip.
6. Consider the distance that the load must be moved.
7. Ensure that there is enough room to move the object safely.
8. Use mechanical assistance whenever possible.
Some safety precautions that you might take when working with engine oil or
coolant
 When you change oil, coolant or oil filters, it often spills on the floor.
Clean up oil or coolant spills immediately to avoid slip or fall.
 When running the engine to check oil pressure, make sure the exhaust
fumes are adequately removed by the exhaust system in the shop or
make sure you have adequate ventilation.
 Always keep tools clean and free from oil so they can be used safety
and properly.
 Make sure to wear safety glasses

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Safety precautions must you consider when inspecting vehicle with air bag
precautions
 Connections should be in good order
 Airbags should not have any other covers over them other than factory
trim
 Ensure the airbag light proves out
 Airbags are correctly mounted
The points below are all fire hazards

 Petrol
 Cleaning solvents
 Welding
 Oily rags
 Smoking

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Roadworthy Certificate (RWC)

Regulation 611 of the Road Safety (Vehicles) Regulations 1999 state that, the
Roads Corporation may issue written directions to Licensed Vehicle Testers as
to the standards vehicles must meet to obtain a Certificate of
Roadworthiness.
In most state a Certificate of Roadworthiness is generally required when a
vehicle is sold or if a used vehicle is to be re-registered. In some cases a
Certificate of Roadworthiness is also required to clear a Vehicle Defect Notice
or a Notice of Unroadworthiness. The Roadworthiness scheme operates to
minimise the number of unsafe vehicles on the road.
(Note: A safety inspection is a not a guarantee to the customer that the vehicle
is in mechanical good working order. It only reports that the vehicle is safe to be
on the road and not a detailed report for internal mechanical operation of
engine, transmission and final drive.)
A Licensed Vehicle Tester, operating from a nominated garage or service

station, can only issue Certificate of Roadworthiness. Before a certificate can
be issued the vehicle will need to pass a roadworthiness inspection.
The roadworthy test is not a complete assessment of a vehicle's condition,
but it must compliance with the Standards for Registration, which, in most
cases, is the Australian Design Rules (ADRs).
The ADRs known as the Australian Design Rule are as set of minimum
standards for the construction of motor vehicles and trailers. It basically covers
vehicle safety, anti-theft and emissions. In most cases compliance with these
standards cannot be assessed by inspection alone.
The requirements for the test are contained in the title "Roadworthiness
Requirements". The licensed tester must make sure that the vehicle meets the
standards specified to ensure that the vehicle is safe.

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The licensed tester must make sure that the vehicle meets the standards
specified to ensure that the vehicle is safe.
It is important to remember that a roadworthy inspection only covers the major
safety related items and is valid for maximum of 30 days from the date of
issue.
RWC items:
 Wheels and Tyres
 Steering and Suspension
 Brakes
 Seats and Seat Belts
 Lamps, Signals, Reflectors, etc
 Exhaust and Emission Controls
 Windscreen and Windows
 Windscreen Wipers, Washers etc
 Body and Chassis
 Engine and Driveline
You can source the most accurate vehicle specifications from the workshop
manual
Wheels and Tyres

There is no requirement for a spare wheel to be carried on a vehicle; however,
where a spare wheel is carried it must be inflated and securely retained in or on
the vehicle.
All road wheels and rims must be free of cracks or any other type of damage
likely to cause failure of the wheel, rim or tyre, also the wheel/rim must not be

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bent or buckled. A temporary spare tyre fitted to one or more road wheels is not
deemed as roadworthy.
Alloy wheels must bear the appropriate standards mark as specified in VSI 8.
All tyres fitted to the road wheels of a vehicle, must be of a type constructed for
normal road use and must have a minimum tread depth of 1.5 mm at any
point on the tread normally in contact with the road surface other than at tread
wear indicators.
Vehicles are fitted with a tyre placards to specify the tyre size, the wheel rim
size and tyre pressures recommended for that vehicle, tyre sizes must be
compatible with rim sizes as set out by the Tyre and Rim Association
All road wheels must be free of cracks or any other type of damage likely to
cause failure of the wheel, rim or tyre. The wheel and the rim must not be bent
or buckled or excessively out of balance. Sidewall or shoulder areas on radial
ply passenger car tyres are not repairable
All pneumatic tyres not marked 'Tubeless' must be fitted with a tube and all
retreaded tyres must be marked with the identification of the retreader and the
word 'Retreaded' and any other markings required by the relevant Australian
Standard.
Steering & Suspension

The vehicle steering and suspension system must be free from wear or play,
exceeding the manufacturers limits and the vehicle must track satisfactorily
without undue wander. All steering components, including dust and grease
seals, must be in good condition, securely and correctly mounted and free from
damage and excessive wear. All nuts and bolts used on steering components

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must be secure and fitted with appropriate retaining or locking devices where
necessary.
There must be no binding in the steering system from lock to lock All
components connected with the steering system should be examined for wear
(eg steering columns, rack & pinion, steering boxes & linkages) ball joints
and tie rod ends must be checked for excessive radial movement. Power
steering pump and associated components must work and be securely
mounted; all fittings must be free of oil leaks, dampness or staining around
seals is acceptable. The reservoir must be correctly filled.
All suspension components must be properly mounted and aligned with no
distortion, cracks, adequate clearance between components and the vehicle
body is accentual and all joints, bushes, pivots, dust and grease seals, wheel
bearings and mountings must be in good condition
Shock absorbers and struts must be securely mounted; they must function
effectively and be free of leaks. Modified suspensions must comply with the
relevant sections of VSI 8.

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Brakes
All brake components must function correctly and be securely mounted.
Hydraulic systems must be filled to the appropriate level and all pipes, hoses,
cylinders and reservoirs must be free from leaks Parking brakes must be
capable of holding the vehicle stationary on any up or down hill grade, when
brakes are applied the vehicle must not project outside the normal lane width
of 3.7m
Lining material must not exceeded the minium thickness of 1.0 mm, and
materials must not be contaminated
The thickness of the friction section of a brake disc or the internal diameter
of a brake drum must be within the manufacturers specifications. Light scoring
is acceptable on friction surfaces providing it does not affect the operation or
durability of the brake system. Other brakes and equipment where fitted, such
as trailer breakaway brakes, must be operational
If the condition of the brake lining is below specification you need to report it to
the customer

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In order to confirm the stopping performance of a vehicle the vehicle needs to

achieve a certain deceleration rate. Complete the table below by writing the
acceptable rate
Vehicle type by GVM Maximum Minimum average Minimum

stopping deceleration peak
distance from deceleration
35km/h
Vehicles less 2.5 11.0 meters 0.45 g 0.6 g
tonnes GVM
Vehicles 2.5 tonnes or 16.5 meters 0.3 g 0.4 g
more
Seats and Seat Belts

All seats and backrests must be secure, structurally sound and free of jagged
edges or protrusions, which could be hazardous. The driver's seat and backrest
must be free from any defects, which might impair the driver's ability to control
the vehicle. Seat slides used for adjustment of the seat must be functional,
have no abnormal looseness and be effective in the release and locking actions
Seat belts must be appropriately and securely fitted, and be accessible,
retractors where fitted, must function correctly. Seat belt webbing must be firmly
secured to its end fittings and must not be damaged, cut, knotted or frayed.
Repairs to seat belts are not permitted
Lamps, Signals, Reflectors

Motor vehicles must be fitted with headlamps, stop lamps, front and rear
position lamps, a number plate lamp and turn signal lamps. All lenses must be
of the correct colour, not substantially faded and must be clean on the inside
and free of any damage which would permit dust or water to enter the
lamp, headlamp must dipped high & low beam and reflectors must be clean
and in good condition. All internal and external warning lamps must function
correctly. All globes must be of the correct wattage .
All lamps fitted must ensure that the lamp and mounting do not interfere with
seat belts, child restraints or their anchorages.

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Exhaust and Emission

The exhaust system of a vehicle must not pass through the cabin or passenger
area and must be free of leaks. (condensation holes are not leaks). The
exhaust system must be fitted with an effective silencing device and all exhaust
gases must pass through the device.
All exhaust mounts must be secure and have adequate clearance between all
other parts of the vehicle and the road. The exhaust must not protrude beyond
the profile of the vehicle; the outlet must protrude to the rear most point of the
vehicle. Vehicles manufactured to comply with emission control ADRs must
have all pipes, hoses, valves, sensors, fuel & air control devices and any
other emission control equipment connected and not damaged, deteriorated or
altered in any way so as to appear ineffective. Dual fuelled vehicles must retain
emission control equipment enabling them to meet emission requirements while
operating on petrol. (air filter modifications may be made suit the LPG
conversion). When running, the engine must not discharge excessive
crankcase fumes and where crankcase ventilation equipment is fitted it must
be secure and leak free.
NOS is not acceptable on motor vehicles used on the road.
Windscreen and Windows

All glazing that is necessary to allow the driver to see the road and other road
users is not to be damaged or altered to the extent that it prevents the vehicle
being used safely. Side windows that are scratched or otherwise damaged to
the extent that the driver's vision is impaired should be rejected

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Windscreen will be rejected if,

 Discoloured, badly scratched, fractured or chipped within the area wiped
by the windscreen wipers
 Laminated windscreen, with crack that penetrates more than one layer of
glass
 Laminated windscreen with one or more bulls eyes or star fractures
over 16mm in diameter or one or more cracks over 150mm in length
in a single layer of glass within the area wiped by the windscreen wipers
Windscreen repairs are acceptable and should not be rejected during a

roadworthy test providing the rest of the windscreen complies with the
requirements, a slightly dull spot may be visible where a repair has been
made. A repaired crack may also be detectable by a fine hairline surface
mark.
Tinting in the primary vision area must have been incorporated during the
manufacture of the windscreen and not by coating or tint films added
afterwards. The area above the wiper arc or the top 10% of the front
windscreen can approximate the primary vision area. Side windows may be
tinted.
Both windscreen wiper system & windscreen washer system must be
capable of operating from the normal driving position. Washer jets must be
correctly aimed; windscreen demister provisions must be available
Body and Chassis

The structural components (chassis) of all vehicles must be sound and free
from cracks, damage, faulty repairs or modifications, rust, deterioration,
distortion or any other condition, which could lead to structural failure or
affect the performance safety of the vehicle, all body and fittings must be free
from any damage which might increase a risk or injury to any occupant,
pedestrian or other motorist. The body must not be damaged and sealed to
prevent the entry of exhaust gases into any cabin area. The floor, including
floor in load areas must be in a sound condition
All doors latches, bonnet, hatch, tailgates and any other hinged or
removable covers, and all other attachments must be securely mounted or

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located. All latches, secondary latches & hinges on all doors must function
correctly.
Wheelguards must be fitted for all wheels on all vehicles except front wheels
on mopeds and motorcycles manufactured before 1 July 1988
Bumper bars
Bumper bars and bull bars, where fitted, must be secure and designed to
eliminate sharp corners or protrusions, which might cause injury to other
road users. They must not obscure any lamps and bumper bars must turn
towards the body to a sufficient extent to avoid any risk of hooking or grazing.
All towbars must be correctly fitted and in good condition, towball if fitted must
not obscure registration number plate.
Accessories
Additional equipment fitted to the interior or exterior of a vehicle must not
present an undue risk to occupants or others.
Engine and Driveline

Engine and driveline components must be in good working condition. All
mountings, brackets and fastenings necessary for the safe operation of the
vehicle must be secure and free from damage (such as engine mounts). All
shafts, splines, universal joints, support bearings, tail shaft guards and other
drive-line components must be in good condition and free of excessive wear
and vibration. Clutch system, transmission system, differentials, axle housings
and all associated pipelines must be properly sealed and free of dripping or
flowing oil leaks onto the roadway, exhaust system or brake friction surfaces.
(oil dropping on the road surface when the vehicle is parked or idling
stationary for any length of time is unacceptable).

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However items such as a worn drive belt is not a roadworthy item but should
still be reported to the customer
LPG & Fuel System

A LPG system fitted to a vehicle must comply with the requirements of the
Australian Standard, AS 1425 applicable at the date of the installation. If the
date of installation is not known the age of the vehicle and LPG tank date
stamp may be used in determining the date of installation. LPG system must
be free of leaks and all components secure and free from damage and
deterioration.
All fuel tanks must be securely mounted including fuel lines and filler pipes.
Fuel lines, vent lines, pumps, valves and fittings must be secure, free of leaks,
adequately protected from damage and must not chafe or rub against each
other or other parts of the vehicle.
Fuel filler caps must be secure and seal properly. Plastic emergency fuel
filler caps are not acceptable.
Driving Controls & Padding

All driving control pedal faces must have an effective non-slip surface or be
covered with a non-slip material. All essential driving controls must function
properly. Dashboard and sunvisor padding where originally provided must be
secure and must not have deteriorated that would make driving unsafe.
Speedometer
Speedometer and odometer must be functional and calibrated in km/h
Rear Vision Mirror

All motor vehicles must be fitted with a rear vision mirror capable of providing a
clear view to the rear of the vehicle from the normal driving position. Any
vehicle designed primarily for the carriage of goods or any vehicle subject to
internal rear vision obstruction must be fitted with external rear vision mirrors on
both sides of the vehicle.

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The reflective surface must not be cracked or broken nor peeled, tarnished,
discoloured or deteriorated so that vision is reduced
Horn
All motor vehicles must be fitted with one or more effective horns or other
audible warning device, which produces a steady sound of constant pitch.
Battery & Electrical Wiring

The battery must be adequately supported and secure with a battery clamp.
Electrical wiring must be properly supported at least every 600mm, insulated,
protected from chafing and located to minimise hazards to vehicle occupants or
others.
Note for customers is that anytime they purchase a second hand vehicle from
private sale the first thing they need to do before the purchase is carryout a
stolen vehicle check.
This can be done over the phone by calling the appropriate state registration
office and or a REVS (PPSR) check

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NOTES:
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LESSON THREE
Cleaning Equipment and Processes
 Safety with equipment
 Cleaning equipment
 Methods of cleaning vehicle and parts
 Philosophy of prevention, reduce, reuse, recycle
 Procedures for documenting parts and storage

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Detailed Step by step safety check Standards Examples (Based on ACT

requirements)
Brakes
Australian Design Rules relevant to this section:

ADR 7 applies to cars and light commercial vehicles manufactures from 7/70.
ADR31 applies to cars manufactured from Jan. 1977. ADR35 applies to light
commercial vehicles manufactured from July 1979.
Check the operation of the brake controls
Reasons for rejection
a) On rubber faced brake pedals, any metal is showing;

b) On metal brake pedals, there is no anti-slip surface;
c) Missing or broken brake pedal or handle, or associated components;
d) When the service brakes are firmly applied, less than 20% of the pedal travel
remains (unless within manufacturer's limits);
e) When steady moderate pressure is applied to the service brake pedal for 10
seconds, the pedal travels towards the floor or the brake failure indicator light
comes on;
f) Where ADR 31 or 35 applies, the brake failure warning light does not operate
when the ignition is turned 'on', before the engine is started;
g) The parking brake ratchet or locking device is not holding the parking brake
lever in its applied position;
h) Where ADR 31 applies, the park brake warning lamp does not operate when
the ignition is 'on' and the parking brake is applied.
Inspect the condition of visible brake components.
NOTE: This includes the area underneath the vehicle.

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Reason for rejection

a) Where visible, any brake component is broken, excessively worn, leaking or
is not securely mounted;
NOTE: Use manufacturer's limits for assessing wear in components.
b) Any hydraulic brake hose is damaged or severely deteriorated;
NOTE: For example the reinforcement fabric is exposed or the hose swells or
bulges when the brakes are applied. Minor cracking or splits in the outer casing
are not a reason for rejection but should be brought to the attention of the
owner);
c) Any hydraulic brake hose is of insufficient length to allow for the full range of
steering and suspension movement, or is twisted;
d) The level of brake fluid is below the minimum indicated level;
e) Where visible, the brake lining material, at any point, is worn to less than
manufacturers limits or 1.5mm if the limits are not known;
f) It is evident that any power/vacuum assistance for the brakes is not
operating;
g) Where ADR 7 applies, any brake hose is not marked with manufacturers
name, and any braided hose is missing protection sleeves.
Service brake test with a decelerometer

NOTE: i) Decelerometer standards should be read in conjunction with the
equipment specifications in Appendix B1 and the equipment manufacturer's
specification.
ii) On some vehicles with light axle loads, or when testing in wet weather, it
might be difficult to obtain a brake test result because of wheel lockup. In these
cases the pedal pressure should be reduced to a point where only the minimum
specified deceleration rates are achieved.
Set up a suitable decelerometer in the vehicle cabin. With the vehicle unladen,
drive it to at least 30 km/h. Put the transmission into neutral. With both hands
on the steering wheel, bring the vehicle to a halt as rapidly as possible in a safe

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manner with one sustained and smooth braking action using the service
brakes.

a) The application of the brakes causes the vehicle to swerve from a straight
line path;
b) For vehicles built after 1930, the service braking system decelerates the
vehicle at less than the performance requirement specified in Table 1;
c) Pedal force exceeds 885N.
TABLE 1 Service Brake Performance
NOTES:
1. Some decelerometers require a weight category to be selected, the
categories shown in the first column equate to the brake requirements A &
B;
2. The deceleration values in this table are intended to cover a wide range of
vehicles including some older vehicles with outdated braking systems.
Vehicles with modern braking systems, such as those designed to comply
with ADR31, should be able to achieve much higher decelerations than
those prescribed in the Table. If a modern vehicle is found to only just
comply with the prescribed values then the owner should be informed that
the brakes are likely to be in need of maintenance;

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3. For vehicles built before 1930 no service brake performance requirements

apply but the on-road brake test should be conducted to assist in
determining whether a brake maintenance problem exists - such problems
should be followed up by visual inspection of the brake components.
Parking brake test for vehicles not designed to ADR31, ADR 35 or

vehicles not fitted with a tandem master cylinder/dual circuit brakes
After installing a decelerometer, drive the vehicle to at least 15 km/h. Put the
transmission into neutral. Bring the vehicle to a halt as rapidly as possible in a
safe manner with one sustained and smooth braking action using the parking
brake.

a) the parking brake decelerates the vehicle at less than the performance
requirement specified in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Parking Brake Performance
NOTE: Some decelerometers require a weight category to be selected, the

categories shown in the first column equate to the brake requirements A & B.

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Parking brake test for vehicles designed to ADR 31, ADR 35 or vehicles
fitted with a tandem master cylinder/dual circuit brakes
Apply the park brake and attempt to drive off using a light throttle.
a) the parking brake does not hold the vehicle stationary.
Brake testing with a skid-plate tester

NOTE: This section should be read in conjunction with the equipment
specifications in Appendix B3 and the equipment manufacturers' instructions.
Using a skid-plate tester, check the deceleration rates and retardation forces on
each axle. Drive the vehicle to the speed nominated by the equipment
manufacturer and the transmission into 'neutral'. Bring the vehicle to a halt as
rapidly as possible with one sustained braking action.

a) There is more than 30% difference in the brake force between the wheels on
any axle;
b) The service braking system decelerates the vehicle at less than the
performance requirements specified in Table 1;
c) In other than ADR31 and 35 vehicles, the parking brake decelerates the
vehicle at less than the performance requirements specified in Table 2;
d) Where ADR 31 or 35 applies, the parking brake does not provide any
retardation.
Brake testing with a roller brake tester
NOTE: This section should be read in conjunction with the equipment

specifications in Appendix B4 and the equipment manufacturer’s instructions
Using a roller brake tester, check the retardation forces on each wheel.
Release all brakes, place transmission in 'neutral' (not 'park' for automatic
transmission) and slowly apply a braking force until a maximum force is
attained, or wheel slip occurs.

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a) There is more than 30% difference in the brake force between the wheels on
any axle;
b) The minimum brake force on any wheel is less than the performance
requirement specified in Table 3;
c) With the brakes released, the average brake drag is more than the
performance requirement specified in Table 4;
d) The parking brake does not give a reading, or the vehicle does not lift out of
the roller.
TABLE 3 Minimum Brake Force
TABLE 4 Maximum Brake Drag
NOTE: On some light vehicles the brake force limit might not be reached as the
vehicle will be lifted out of the rollers. Similarly, it might not be reached if a load
proportioning valve is fitted to the rear axle. In both cases it is considered a
pass if the brake balance is within the specified limit.

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Towing Attachment

ADR 62 applies to cars manufactured from Jan. 1992
Visually inspect the towbar and its mounting on the vehicle body.

a) Any towing attachment such as a tow ball or pintle hook is loose, or is
cracked;
b) The towbar is not securely mounted, or is cracked;
c) Any mounting bolts, fasteners or weld beads have advanced corrosion or are
missing;
d) Where ADR 62 applies, the towbar does not display the gross mass rating
(towing capcity) and manufacturer's name or trademark (a label may be affixed
to the vehicle for this purpose);
e) Where any part of the coupling or towbar is removable, the bolts, studs, nuts
etc, fastening those parts do not have a locking device such as a U-clip, split
pin, spring washer, or nylon lock nut.
Steering and Suspension

ADR 69 applies to cars manufactured from July 1995.
NOTE: To be registered in Australia a vehicle must usually have a steering
control to the right of, or in line with, the centreline of the vehicle. In the ACT
vehicles which are over 30 years of age may have left-hand-drive.
103.01 W ith the engine running, check the operation of the steering by moving
the steering wheel, or, on cycle type vehicles, the handle.

a) Where a steering wheel is fitted, there is more than 50mm rotational free
play;
b) The steering wheel is not securely attached to the steering column;

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c) Where steering linkages are fitted to cycle type vehicles, the rotational free
play exceeds 10mm measured at the end of the handle bars;
d) Where ADR 69 applies, the steering wheel is not of the same specification
as the one provided by the vehicle manufacturer;
e) Where an airbag is fitted, there is any evidence that an airbag is inoperative
(check the indicator light, where fitted -this usually illuminates when the ignition
is first switched 'on' and extinguishes after the engine is started and the airbag
system passes a self-test).
Visually inspect all steering components under the bonnet and under the
vehicle.
NOTE: Take care with spring-loaded and rubber-bush joints. These

components might be designed to have a certain amount of allowable
movement.

a) Any steering component is missing, cracked or broken or is worn beyond
manufacturer's limits;
b) Any steering component can be seen to have been repaired or modified by
heating or welding;
NOTE: Does not apply where an original component has been fitted by the
manufacturer or repairs have been conducted to manufacturer's specifications.
c) Any nut, bolt or locking device is missing or insecure;

d) The steering box or rack is not securely fixed to the vehicle;
e) There is any movement on the spline between Pitman arm and the steering
box or between any thread or tapered joint;
f) Free play due to wear in any steering component exceeds manufacturer’s
specification (if that specification is not known, free play exceeds 3mm);
g) Any power steering component is leaking, damaged or inoperativei); h) Any
power steering belts are loose, broken, frayed, missing, or cracked through to
reinforcing plies.

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Examine the idler arm

If fitted, attempt to move the idler arm in the direction of the pivot axis.

a) The play at the end of the idler arm exceeds 8mm.
Visually inspect the suspension.

a) Any suspension component is broken, insecure, cracked, cut, missing, or
can be seen to have been repaired or modified by heating or welding or is worn
beyond manufacturers' limits;
b) Any shock absorber or strut is inoperative; c) Any shock absorber or strut is
not securely mounted; d) Any nut, bolt or locking device is missing or not
secure; e) With the wheels raised, the vertical free play of any wheel exceeds
3mm;

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NOTE: Manufacturers' tolerances take precedence over specified free play

measurements when performing these checks.
f) with the wheels raised, the free play of the wheel measured at the rim
exceeds 6mm in total or 3mm from any component.
NOTE: Manufacturers' tolerances take precedence over specified free play

measurements when performing these checks.
Wheel and Tyres
Visually inspect the inside and outside of each road wheel.

a) Any wheel or rim is cracked, has pieces of casting missing, or is buckled;
b) The wheel nut does not engage the thread or the wheel stud for the full
length of the nut, or the fitting of the wheel nut does not match the taper of the
wheel stud hole (where these can be seen without removing hubcaps or wheel
trims);
c) Any hub has missing or broken wheel mounting nuts, studs or bolts (where
these can be seen without removing hubcaps or wheel trims);
d) Any spoked wheel has any missing, loose, broken, bent or cracked spokes;
e) The tyre or rim fouls any component at any point over the full range of
suspension travel or steering movement.

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Visually inspect each road tyre.

a) The tyre has less than 1.5mm tread depth on the surfaces which normally
contact the road;
b) The tyre has deep cuts, bulges, exposed cords or other signs of carcass
failure;
c) The tyre construction of all tyres on each axle is not the same (cross ply,
radial ply or bias belted);
d) the tyre has been re-grooved (except where indicated on the sidewall that
the tyres are suitable for re-grooving);
e) any retreaded tyre fitted to the vehicle is not marked with the name or
identification of the retreader and speed rating of the tyre.
Measure the wheel track, where modified from standard, taking

measurement from the centre of the tyres.

a) The vehicle manufacturer's specified wheel track measurement for the
vehicle is exceeded by more than 25mm.
Body Condition
ADRs applicable to this section

ADR 15 applies to cars from January 1971 ADR 25 applies to cars from
January 1972 ADR 29 applies to cars from January 1977 ADR 34 applies to
cars from July 1976.
Check the operation of all doors, door locks and latches and the bonnet
lock and latches.

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a) Any inside or outside door latch, control or hinge is not secure or functional;
b) Any bonnet or similar panel which covers the engine, luggage space or
battery compartment and which is forward of the windscreen, does not have a
device to secure the panel in the closed position;
c) Any bonnet or similar panel which opens from the front (that is, the hinges
are at the back) and which, when opened, would obstruct the driver's view
through the windscreen, does not have a primary and secondary securing
device.
Visually inspect the windscreen and front side windows.

a) The area of windscreen from the centre of the vehicle in front of the driver
has cracks or is deteriorated to the extent it that interferes with the driver's
view.
EXCEPTION: Any two of the following three types of damage are acceptable:
NOTE: This rule applies to windscreens repaired with clear resins. After repair,
there must be no visible damage beyond the limits given above.

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Test the light transmittance level of the windscreen, side and rear
windows.
NOTE: (i) This section should be read in conjunction with the equipment
specifications in Appendix B2 and the light meter manufacturers' instructions.
(ii) The light meter may have up to a 5% measuring inaccuracy. A vehicle may
be accepted if the readings are up to 5% lower than the minimum light
transmittance.
(iii) The light transmission requirements do not apply to a tinted or opaque band
at the top of the windscreen, provided they are above the arc swept by the
windscreen wipers, or 10% of the depth of the windscreen.

a) The visible light transmittance of any glazing (including any applied film) is
less than that detailed below:
Visually inspect body panels, chassis and subframe for dangerous

protrusions and rust.
NOTE: This section should be read in conjunction with Appendix A1.

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a) Exterior body work and fittings have sharp edges due to rusted panels or
body damage, or protrusions of any after market object or fittings, not
technically essential to the operation of the vehicle, which protrudes from any
part of the vehicle that could cause injury to a person coming into contact with
the vehicle;
b) Any structural member such as a subframe, floor panel, door sill, seat or seat
belt anchorage, is cracked or has advanced rust;
c) Where ADR 29 applies, the doors of a vehicle have advanced rust.
Inspect the wheel arches/mudguards and mudflaps, with the wheels in the
' straight ahead' position.

a) Mudguards are not fitted to all wheels of passenger and goods type vehicles;
b) The mudguard and/or bodywork covering any wheel is not at least as wide
as the tyre over the arc between points A and B in the diagram;
c) Point C (being on the rear edge of the mudguard/mudflap/ bodywork and in
line with the centreline of the tyre - see diagram) is more than 150m in vertical
distance above the centre of the wheelNOTE: Points along the rear edge which
are inboard of Point C should also meet this requirement. A mudflap which is
too flexible to maintain its position during normal driving conditions should be
disregarded for this check.

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Visually inspect rear vision mirrors

a) Rear vision mirrors are missing, or do not provide a clear view of the road to
the rear of the vehicle;
b) Where there is no effective rear vision provided by the internal rear vision
mirror, the vehicle does not have an external rear vision mirror fitted to each
side;
c) Any light commercial vehicle (except a station wagon) is not fitted with an
external rear vision mirror on each side of the vehicle.
Check the operation of seats, seat belts, buckles and other restraints, and
inspect webbing and metal stalks.

a) Any seat or seat belt is not securely fastened to its mounting;
b) Any seat belt is missing or the webbing is knotted;
c) Any seat belt emergency locking retractor is inoperative;
d) Any seat belt buckle does not lock when the tongue is placed into it;
e) The webbing, or the stitching of any webbing joint, is cut or severely
deteriorated;
NOTE: Discolouring alone is not a reason for rejection.
f) Any metal stalk is missing or has broken wires;

g) In other than ADR 34 vehicles, where fitted, child restraint attachment points
are loose or cracked;
h) Where ADR 34 applies, child restraint attachment points are loose, cracked
or missing.

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Visually inspect and check the operation of the windscreen wipers.

a) Windscreen wipers are missing, are not secured, or do not operate; b)

Windscreen wiper blades are missing, cracked, curled, frayed or torn.
Check the operation of the horn.

a) The horn is not working;
b) The horn is of the following types: exhaust whistle, compression whistle,
siren or alternating tone (reversing alarms are acceptable).
Visually inspect the front and rear number plates.

a) Number plate is obscured, for example by a towing attachment goose neck,
or tow ball;
b) Number plate covers are tinted, reflective, rounded, or bubble like;
c) The number plate is damaged or faded to the extent that the registration
number is not legible from a distance of five metres;
d) The registration (number) plate is not issued or approved by the Registrar.
Where ADR 25 applies, check the operation of the anti-theft/steering lock.

a) The ignition key can be removed in any position except the 'anti-theft' (lock)
position;
b) When engaged, the anti-theft lock does not prevent at least one of the
following actions:
i) Steering the vehicle; ii) Engaging the forward drive gears; iii) Release of the
brakes.

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Where ADR15 applies, check the operation of the windscreen demister.

a) The demister unit is missing;
b) There is no warm air being blown onto the windscreen when the demister is
turned on.
Speedometer

a) Speedometer is not operational.
Lighting
Visually inspect the compulsory reflectors fitted to the rear of the vehicle.

a) Red reflector(s) are damaged, discoloured or missing (Note: reflectors may
be incorporated in the lamp assembly).
Visually inspect and check the operation of all lights fitted to the vehicle.

a) Any of the following lights do not work or has incorrect colour:
i) Headlight (high/low beam) (white); ii) Front park or side lights (white); iii) Tail
lights (red); iv) Brake light(s) (red); v) Turn signal indicator lights (yellow); vi)
Clearance lights (trucks and cycle type vehicles only) (white/red); vii) Number
plate light (white).
b) Any rear light other than a reversing light is damaged to the extent that white
light shows to the rear of the vehicle;
c) Any amber clearance light or front turn signal is damaged so that it shows
white light;
d) The number plate light is not directing light onto the surface of the rear
number plate;
e) Lights as follows are not fitted to pre 3rd Edition vehicles (passenger and
light goods vehicles and light omnibuses) (dimensions at centre of lights):

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At front of vehicle:
1 White Main beam headlights, min 500mm and max 1400mm off ground, with
min separation of 600mm; 2 White Dipped beam headlights, min 500mm and
max 1400mm off ground, min 600mm separation; 2 White Parklights, min
500mm off ground, max 500mm inboard of vehicle side, wired to remain 'on'
with headlights if vehicle built after 7/71; 2 Yellow turn signal indicators (Jan 73
onwards, pre Jan 73 may be white), min 400mm and max 2000mm off ground,
min 750mm separation, max 500mm inboard of vehicle side; 2 Yellow or White
clearance lights (where vehicle is over 2.2m wide), min 750mm above
headlights, max 150mm inboard of side of vehicle; 2 Hazard warning lights
(9/83 onwards), incorporated with turn signal indicators; Optional White or
yellow fog lights, wired through park lights on a separate switch, not higher than
headlights; Optional driving lights as per main or dipped beam headlights.
At Side of vehicle:
 2 Yellow to front, red to rear side marker lamps (where vehicle is more
than 2.2m wide and/or 7.5m long), min 600mm and max 1500mm off
ground, max 300 mm from rear of vehicle.
At Rear of vehicle:
 2 (1 prior to 12/88) Red tail lights, max 1500mm off ground, min 600mm
apart, max 400mm inboard of side of vehicle (single light located in
centre or right side of vehicle); 2 Red reflectors, max 1500mm off
ground, max 400mm (250mm if vehicle more than 2.2m wide) inboard of
side of vehicle; 2 (8/72 onwards) white or yellow reverse lights, max
100mm off ground; White registration plate lamp/s, to illuminate
registration plate; 2 (1 prior to 12/88) Red stop lights, min 300mm and
max 1500mm off ground (singlr light to be in centre or on right side of
vehicle); 2 Yellow (red permitted prior to 1/73) turn signal indicators, min
400mm and max 1500mm off ground, min 600mm separation.

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Visually inspect front and rear lights for the presence of tinted covers.

a) Any light has a tinted cover over it, or any tinting applied to it; b) There is any
opaque cover over a headlight which cannot be readily removed without the
use of tools.
Using a headlight tester, check the aim of the headlights.

a) The aim of the headlight is adjusted such that, when on high beam and
measured at an effective distance of 8m, the projected centre of the beam is to
the right of the headlight centre and/or is above the headlight centre;
b) When measured at an effective distance of 8m, any part of the top edge of
the high intensity portion of the low beam pattern is above and to the right of
the centreline of the headlight;
NOTES: 1) In the region above and to the right of the centreline of the headlight
the luminous intensity must not exceed 437cd. 2) The portion of the beam to
the left of the centreline of the light may extend above the height of the
centreline of the headlight. 3) The 'centreline of the headlight' passes through
the centre of the globe fllament, or equivalent.
c) The headlight high beam indicator light is not operating
Visually inspect the headlights.

a) Headlight reflector is tarnished or peeling to the extent that headlight
performance is impaired;
b) Headlight lens is incomplete;
c) Headlight assembly is not secured;
d) Headlight is water damage or has incorrect beam pattern.

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Engine Compartment & Driveline
ADRs applicable to this section

ADR37 applies to cars from January 1986.
Note there are other sections for modified engines
Visually inspect the engine, transmission and driveline. Operate the

transmission control.

a) There are oil leaks from the engine, gearbox or driveline which allow oil to
drop onto the road surface, exhaust system or brake components;
b) Any engine or transmission mounting is not secured;
c) Fasteners on couplings in the driveline are loose or missing;
d) Any transmission drive shaft is bent, damaged, loose or noticeably
misaligned;
e) Any universal or constant velocity joint has excessive wear, is misaligned,
seized, is not securely attached, or has a damaged or missing boot;
f) Where the engine is non-standard, the engine number does not match the
number shown on the registration certificate;
g) Where an automatic transmission is fitted, the engine can be started in any
gear position other than neutral or park (ensure that brakes are applied during
this test), or gear selector indicator is not operational or is not illuminated (when
headlights are turned on).
Visually inspect the exhaust system.

a) Any component of the exhaust system is not securely mounted or is fouling
on any other component;
b) Exhaust pipe outlet is not rearward of all side passenger doors and opening
windows or discharges to the left hand side of the vehicle;
c) There is any leak in the exhaust system, excluding manufacturers' drain
holes in the mufflers;
d) Exhaust outlet does not extend to the outline of the vehicle body;

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e) For a vehicle manufactured after 1930 and propelled by an internal

combustion engine, the vehicle emits dense smoke for a continuous period of
more than 10 seconds.
Note: this test applies after the engine and exhaust has warmed up -a vehicle
should not be rejected due to smoke from choke operation when the engine is
cold or due to steam from water in the exhaust.
Where ADR 37 applies, check for the presence of a catalytic converter

a) There is no catalytic converter fitted, where one was originally provided;
b) The catalytic converter has been bypassed.
Visually inspect the fuel system.

a) Here is any leakage from the fuel system.
b) Any part of the fuel system is insecure or damaged so that there is a risk of a
fuel leak;
c) The fuel cap is missing, insecure, or of the incorrect type.
Where it is evident that a vehicle is emitting significantly higher noise

than normal, conduct a stationary noise test in accordance with Appendix
A3

a) The measured noise level exceeds the limit shown in the table.
Table of Noise Limits for Cars and Car Derivatives

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NOTE: Different limits apply to motorcycles, trucks and buses.
Fuel Systems LPG / NGV Vehicles
Visually inspect for the presence of an approved LPG/NGV modifcation

plate and number plate labels.
Vehicles with systems installed in ACT
Installation of LPG/NGV fuel systems in ACT is controlled by Authorised Gas

Fitters Scheme. A modification plate must be fitted as part of installation.
Vehicles with systems installed in another Australian State or Territory
A vehicle which has an LPG/NGV fuel system fitted and which is registered in
another State or Territory may be accepted in the ACT if:
1. a metal plate is fitted in a prominent position near the installation, showing:
 A statement that the installation complies with the Standards Australia
code for the fuel type (AS1425 for LPG and AS2739 for CNG/NGV);
 The date the installation was commissioned;
 The State or Territory where installation was made;
 The identification number of the suitably qualified installer; and
2. The installation passes a Safety Check Inspection conducted by an ACT

Authorised Gas Fitter.

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a) Vehicle does not have an approved LPG/NGV modification plate. (see
diagrams overleaf); Acceptable plates are shown below:
Plate fitted by an Authorised Gas Fitter
Plate fitted by vehicle manufacturer

LPG or NGV/CNG System installed by the original vehicle manufacturer.

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b) Number plate labels are not fitted to the front and rear of the vehicle
indicating it is LPG, NGV or CNG fuelled.
Visually inspect the LPG or NGV container

a) The container is removable without the use of tools from any vehicle other
than those specified below:
 Fork lift trucks;
 Vehicles which do not use LPG or NGV as a means of propulsion;
 Diesel engine enhancement systems.
b) The container has:
 Advanced corrosion;
 Cuts or dents which penetrate the surface of the container;
 Any dent on the container which is deeper than 10% of the width of the
dent, or which is located on a weld and exceeds 6.5mm in depth; iv) Any
dent or crease on the container which is longer than 75mm.
c) The statutory life of the container has expired;
NOTE: It is a statutory requirement for an LPG/NGV container to be checked

for continued service life: LPG every ten years. NGV steel containers every five
years, fibreglass reinforced plastic containers every three years.
d) The boot lid torsion bars, coil springs or hinges contact the container;
e) The container and its surface mounted fittings are not protected from
damage by vehicle component (e.g. tail shaft) failure;
f) Where mounted within a cargo space the container is not protected from
cargo or other objects carried in that area, i.e. it is not installed within an
enclosed protective compartment;
g) The container or its gas carrying components are located within 150mm of a
heat source and there is no heat shield;

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NOTE: This may be reduced to 40mm if the shield is more than 15mm from a
gas carrying component.
h) The container is incorrectly aligned so that it impedes access to the

container service valve;
 The container is incorrectly aligned so that it impairs the operation of the
ullage valve or the automatic fill limiter (AFL);
j) Where containers installed on or after 1 July 1988 have a wall thickness
marked to be less than 2.2mm:
 The container is mounted externally;
 The container is not installed within a protective compartment;
 The container is located less than 75mm from the side panels of the
vehicle;
 The container is not marked 'This vessel shall be installed within a
compartment inside the vehicle'.
Visually inspect the container anchorages and straps

a) Any anchorage straps allow the container to move;
b) There is only one anchorage strap used to secure the container;
c) The anchorage straps are cut, have advanced rust or are otherwise
deteriorated;
d) The anchorage straps are smaller than the sizes shown in Table 5:

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TABLE 5 Dimensions Of Container Attachment

Devices
e) The anchorage bolts or studs are smaller than the sizes shown in Table 5;
f) The anchorage bolts or studs do not have locking devices (such as spring
washers, split pins or lock nuts) fitted;
g) Reinforcement plates are missing or not shaped to the contours of the panel
on which the container is mounted;
NOTE 1: Reinforcement plates attached to sheet metal panels must be at least

75mm square and 3mm thick.
NOTE 2: Where a compliance plate is fitted, the vehicle should not be rejected
if reinforcement plates of mounting points are smaller than typical dimensions in
the Standards Australia code, as compliance covers the whole installation.
h) There are less than four (4) points of attachment to the vehicle structure.
Visually inspect remote filled internally mounted containers

a) The compartment housing the container and its fittings, or the sub-
compartment has electrical equipment other than the wiring connecting the
contents gauge;
b) Wiring is not insulated or secured at interval of not more than 600mm;

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c) Any conduit containing the piping and hoses which pass through an enclosed
area of the vehicle is missing or damaged so that it allows venting to the inside
of the vehicle;
d) The clamps for the conduit connections are missing or loose;
NOTE: Adhesives or sealing compounds are not acceptable as alternatives to

mechanical clamps.
e) The container service valve is inoperable;

f) The seals for any sub-compartment do not provide a gas-tight seal.
Visually inspect direct filled internally mounted containers

a) The passenger compartment of the vehicle is not sealed from the container
space;
b) The container space vent(s) is obstructed;
c) The container space vent outlet is less than 250mm from the exhaust
system;
d) Wiring is not insulated or secured at intervals of not more than 600mm.
Visually inspect externally mounted containers

On vehicles less than 5 tonnes tare mass or where the chassis has 610mm
ground clearance or less:
a) The tank, or any tank component, has less than 200mm ground clearance;
b) The tank, or any tank component, is not a minimum 200mm inboard of the
original equipment bumper bars (measured on the centreline of the vehicle);
NOTE: If a bumper bar is not fitted, the measurement should be taken from the
extremity of the permanent body work.

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c) The tank, or any tank component, is not above a line which is tangent to the
front or rear wheels and slopes upward and outward to the extremities of the
vehicle's permanent body work.
Visually inspect ullage and safety valves

a) Where a container is fitted with an automatic fill limiter (AFL), there is no
label at the filling point warning the driver 'AFL fitted -bleeding during filling not
required';
NOTE: An ullage valve is not required if the vehicle is fitted with an AFL.
b) Where an ullage valve is fitted, the outlet does not have a cap or plug;
c) Where a container is not fitted with an AFL, there is no label warning the
driver to 'Stop filling when liquid appears';
d) The safety valve has any damage in the system or blockage to the discharge
pipe, if fitted, or allows the discharge to strike the exhaust system, container or
a bystander, or the protective cap is not functioning or is missing.
Visually inspect hydrostatic relief valves

a) The hydrostatic relief valve on multiple containers is damaged, or is not fitted
with a self-closing device which prevents the entry of dirt or water into the
outlet.

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Visually inspect fuel lines, joints and connections

a) Where chassis members do not provide protection for fuel lines under the
vehicle, the piping is not shielded or encased in a protective sleeve;
b) The sleeving of any fuel line routed under the vehicle is damaged such that
the fuel line is exposed;
c) Any supporting clips (required to be spaced at intervals of 600mm) are
missing or do not provide effective support to the fuel line;
d) Any provision has been made to allow use of the gas fuel for purposes other
than as automotive fuel.
Visually inspect shut off devices, converters (vaporiser regulators), fuel

selectors and air/gas mixers

a) The fuel shut off device is not securely mounted;
b) The fuel shut off device allows the fuel to flow to the converter while the
ignition and the engine are off;
c) The converter is not securely mounted;
d) Where the converter uses water circulation to assist in vaporisation, the
water hoses leak or are deteriorated;
e) Air/gas mixers are not securely mounted or vapour lines and connections
have leaks;
NOTE: Where there are any signs of leakage from any component, the system
must be thoroughly leak tested under normal Autogas operating pressure using
an approved gas detecting device or foaming agent solution. The solution must
be applied to the component having the suspected leak.
f) The filling connection does not have a captive cap;

g) The high tension ignition wiring or electrical contacts in the engine
compartment are exposed.

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Test the operation of the fuel containment system
Test as described below depending on the type of system fitted at the

container.
 Excess flow valve
 Close the service valve and run the engine until the fuel line is empty.
With the ignition turned OFF, quickly open the service valve.

a) The excess flow valve does not produce a click or thud sound, or the owner
is not able to produce a letter from an Authorised Gas Fitter certifying that the
excess flow valve is operating satisfactorily.
NOTE 1: The certification is valid for 1 calendar month from the date of issue.
The certificate number and Authorised Gas Fitterlicence number are to be
recorded in the comment section of the inspection report.
NOTE 2: This test can be conducted by an Authorised Examiner accredited by

TAMS for this purpose.
NOTE 3: If an automatic fuel shut off device is fitted at the container there is no
requirement to test the excess flow valve.
Automatic fuel shut off device (AFSOD)
Deactivate the AFSOD and run the engine until the service line is empty
and the engine stalls.

a) The engine fails to stall or the engine stalls but then re-starts after a short
period.
NOTE 1: Alternatively the owner is to produce a certificate from an Autogas

Installer certifying that the excess flow valve is operating satisfactorily.

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NOTE 2: The certification is valid for 1 calendar month from the date of issue.
The certificate number and Authorised Gas Fitterlicence number are to be
recorded in the comment section of the inspection report.
NOTE 3: This test can only be conducted by an Authorised Examiner

accredited by the TAMS for this purpose.

ATS

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AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 2 of 62

LESSON ONE ................................................................................. 7

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS & REASONING, STATE

LESSON TWO .............................................................................. 15

GENERAL SAFETY VEHICLE INSPECTION TOPICS ................. 15

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 3 of 62

Body and Chassis...........................................................................................................26

LESSON THREE .......................................................................... 31

CLEANING EQUIPMENT AND PROCESSES .............................. 31

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 4 of 62

Reasons for rejection ......................................................................................................47

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 5 of 62

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AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 6 of 62

Environmental Regulations & Reasoning, State

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 7 of 62

Water Resources Protection

The Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Environment (DIPE) is

This includes issuing licences and permits, and intervening in cases of

Water quality is currently protected by the adoption of the community based

Water quality management goals, appropriate indicators of water quality and

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 8 of 62

Community groups such as Greening Australia undertake water quality testing

Point source pollution produced by large industries is regulated by waste

Stormwater Safe Car Washing

Polluting waterways is a breach of the Waste Management and Pollution

Department Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts receives

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 9 of 62

Where to Wash Your Car

When You Wash Your Car

Commercial Car Washes

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 10 of 62

As an example, under section 83 of the Waste Management and Pollution

Things that can cause common problems to be aware of:

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 11 of 62

The effect on the environment

Australian Capital Territory

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 12 of 62

New South Wales

There are no periodic safety inspections in Queensland once a vehicle is

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 13 of 62

registration). Additionally, several other categories of vehicles also require a

Victoria does not require an inspection upon transfer of an interstate

Western Australia does not require an inspection upon transfer of an interstate

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 14 of 62

General Safety Vehicle Inspection Topics

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 15 of 62

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is an effective and necessary part of

Other items of PPE you may be required to use include:

 Safety Glasses or Face Shield

 Hearing Protection (Ear Muffs or Plugs)

 Gloves (Not to be worn when using rotating

 Hair Protection (Tie long hair back or wear a

 Dust Masks or Respirators

CAUTION: An additional hazard to be aware of in the automotive trade is

Develop Safety Awareness

AURTTA017 Student Workbook Version: 1.0 May 2020 Page 16 of 62

 Grip the object firmly with both hands.

Control measure Risk

Vehicle is unloaded or load is reduced to a safe level prior Low risk