UNIT 7.

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

4º ESO 2022/2023
 1. FORCES
• A is any action which causes an object to change its
shape or its state of motion.
is the branch of Physics which studies the forces.
• Properties of forces:
a. It’s a vector magnitude. The effect depends on the direction
in which it’s applied.
b. SI Unit: Newton (N)
 1. FORCES. CLASSIFICATION OF FORCES
Type Definition Example

By Contact Contact is necessary Kick a ball, friction force, push an

object...

At a Distance Contact is not necessary Weight, magnetic force, lightning...

Type Definition Example

Gravitational Attraction between masses
Electromagnetic Interaction between electric charges
Strong Nuclear Interaction between quarks. Protons and
neutrons (made by quarks) to create
atomic nuclei
Weak Nuclear Interaction between subatomic particles
Weight
Static electricity, compass
Nuclear fusion, nuclear fission
Radioactivity, also nuclear
fusion and fission
 1. FORCES
• Principle of Superposition: the effect • Decomposition forces: Forces
of each force in independent of are vectors, so we can
others. The TOTAL effect is the decompose them along the
vector SUM of the individual forces. axes of our reference frame
It’s called or net
force.
 EXERCISES
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 2. EVERYDAY FORCES

• It’s the attraction force applied by the Earth upon an

object. It’s vertical and downward.

• g = 9’8 m/s2
 2. EVERYDAY FORCES

• It’s a support force applied

upon any object which rests
on a surface. It’s always
applied perpendicularly to
the surfaces in contact.
1. � = �

2. � = ��
 2. EVERYDAY FORCES

• It’s contact force applied upon an object, which is moving

along a surface. Frictional forces often opposes to the
motion of the object.
• It depends on the normal force between the body and the
surface and a quantity, which is called coefficient of friction, μ.
 3. NEWTON’S LAWS

• 1st Newton’s Law,

• An object will remain at rest or continue with its linear
uniform motion, unless an unbalanced force is applied to it.
 3. NEWTON’S LAWS

• The net force applied to an object is proportional its

acceleration.
� = �·�
• We can obtain de 1st Law from the 2nd:
� = 0 → �·� = 0 → � = 0 → � = �������� �� 0
→ �� ���� �� �� ���.
 3. NEWTON’S LAWS
• 3rd Newton’s Law.
• Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
• When an object applies a force to a second object, the
second one applies another force upon the first object, which
has the same magnitude but opposite direction.
 VÍDEOS

• Newton’s laws. QuantumFracture

• 2ª Newton’s law Space
• 2ª Newton’s Law
• 3ª Newton’s law Space
• Experiment friction
• Experiment without friction
 EXERCISES
1. A car, which has 800 kg, starts from rest. Its engine applies a
force equal to 1500 N to the wheels and its coefficient of
friction is 0.1. Draw the force diagram of the car . Calculate
its acceleration and the distance travelled and its velocity
after 10 s.
2. Inés wants to move a wardrobe, whose mass is 90 kg,
applying a horizontal force equal to 500 N. If coefficient of
friction between wood and floor is 0,3, draw a diagram of
forces applied to it and calculate the acceleration of the body.
What is the time taken to move it along 2 m and its final
velocity?
 EXERCISES
3. An astronaut weighs 750 N on the Earth. What is his weight
on the Moon, if a body falls down on the Moon at 1,6 m/s2?
4. A car which has 1200 kg slows down from 130 km/h to 80
km/h along 150 m. Calculate its acceleration, the force of friction
applied upon it and the coefficient of friction between its tyres
and the road.
5. A body, which has 5 kg, is placed on a horizontal surface. The
coefficient of friction is 0.1. Calculate the minimal force needed
to move it. What happens when a 3 N force is applied upon the
body? What is the acceleration of the motion if a 15N force is
applied to it?
 4. FORCES IN UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
• The object (if moves with UCM) has a normal, or centripetal,
�2
acceleration, which magnitude follows the equation: �� =
�
• The force that the object feels is called centripetal force:
 EXAMPLE
• What is the Sun’s force to Earth, assuming the Earth is in
UCM?

Data: �� = 5.97·1024 ��; � = 150·106 ��; � = 365����

��� = �. ��·���� �
 EXERCISES

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 EXERCISES

1. An object of 250 g turns at 30 rpm. Determine the

centripetal force considering its radius is equal to 50 cm.
2. The 30 cm-wheel of a bike turns at 480 rpm. Determine
its period and frequency. Find the acceleration of a point
at the edge of the wheels and the force applied upon the
tyre, which has 100 g.
3. A carousel turns at 15 rpm. Find its period and frequency.
Determine the acceleration and force applied upon a 35
kg-child who is placed at 3 m from the centre.
 5. MOTION ON AN INCLINED PLANE

• We choose the reference

frame.
• We apply the Newton’s 2nd
Law to both axes.
• Be careful with the
direction of the motion!
 EXAMPLE
• We launch a 20kg body at 15m/s from the lowest point of a
plane inclined 30º from the horizontal. What distance will it
travel along the plane if the coefficient of friction is μ=0.2?
 EXERCISES

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 EXERCISES
1. A body of 3 kg is placed on a flat surface, which has a coefficient of
friction equal to 0,15. Calculate the force required to move the object
considering: a) the force is parallel to the surface b) the force makes
an angle of 45º to the baseline.
2. A body of 2 kg is placed on a ramp, which makes 45º to the ground.
The coefficient of friction between the surface and the object is 0,2.
Calculate the acceleration of the body.
3. A body which has a mass equals to 3 kg is placed on a tilted ramp
which makes an angle of 30º to the ground The coefficient of friction is
0.1. Determine the acceleration of the body. Calculate the force
required to pull the body upwards.