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Bechtel Limited CALCULATION SHEET

PO Box 739
245 Hammersmith Road London W6 8DP
DATE

CALCULATION BY CHECKED BY SHEET No of

PLANT No. CALC No. JOB No

SUBJECT FILE No

Two Phase PSV Sizing - Direct Integration DIERS HEM Method

This sheet the method developed by DIERS (Design Institute for Emergency Relief) derived from direct
numerical integration of the Bernoulli Equation.

P G = Mass Flux (kg/s.m2)

 2  v.dP v = Specific Volume of Fluid (m3/kg)
P0
G
v P = Pressure (Pa)

The integral is handled by performing isentropic flashes of the inlet fluid to determine the mixed density at
various different downstream pressures. The integral is calculated as follows

For n  1 :  vP n 1  0
For n  2 :  vP n  2  vP n 1  vP n  2  0  vP n  2
 vP n 1  vP n 
For n  2 :  vP n   vP n 1   
 2 
The maximum flux (Gmax) is calculated from the above, then the PSV is sized using the following

W A = Required Relief Area (m2)

A W = Relief Mass Flowrate (kg/s)
Gmax K d K b
Gmax = Maximum mass flux (kg/s.m2)
Kd = Coefficient of Discharge (two phase)
Kb = Back Pressure Coefficient (Balanced Bellows Valves Only)

Kd should ideally be the manufacturer quoted value for the valve concerned. This will be quoted as two values
one for vapour, one for liquid service. K d(vapour) is used when the valve is subject to critical flow, Kd(liquid) is
used for sub-critical applications.

If the manufacturer coefficients are unknown, the values in API RP 520 may be substituted
Kd(vapour) = 0.975 If flow is critical
Kd(liquid) = 0.65 If flow is sub-critical

Kb applies for balanced bellows valves only. The factor for both liquid and vapour should be determined from
Figs 30 & 31 of API RP 520. These should be combined as a ratio of the volumetric flow of the two phases
at the maximum mass flux conditions.

For Pilot and Conventional valves, use Kb = 1.0

The user can assume that the locked calculations are accurate and have previously been checked. The checker must review all
shaded yellow input fields and determine if correct. The checker and approver must also determine that the spreadsheet is
appropriate for the application. All validated spreadsheets for process engineering are held in the Process Design Guide
3DG-V88D-0001 master in 'e-engineering'. To use a validated spreadsheet each project must copy the file from
e-engineering' to the project drive to serve as the template. Each calculation must start with that template. If the project
modifies the spreadsheet, it can no longer be considered validated and must be treated like any other spreadsheet.
Bechtel Limited CALCULATION SHEET
PO Box 739
245 Hammersmith Road London W6 8DP
DATE

CALCULATION BY CHECKED BY SHEET No of

PLANT No. CALC No. JOB No

SUBJECT FILE No

Two Phase PSV Sizing - Direct Integration DIERS HEM Method

Calculate Maximum Mass Flux Gmax

Item Pressure Mixture Specific Cumulative Mass Flux

Density Volume Integral
-2v.dP
Bara kPa kg/m3 v (m /kg)
3
m2/s2 kg/s.m2
PRelief 20.39 2038.8 404.1 0.0025 - -
1 19.39 1938.8 342.5 0.0029 539 7955
2 18.39 1838.8 290.7 0.0034 1175 9967
3 17.39 1738.8 247.1 0.0040 1924 10840
4 16.39 1638.8 210.3 0.0048 2804 11137 MAXIMUM
5 15.39 1538.8 179.1 0.0056 3838 11097
6 14.39 1438.8 152.6 0.0066 5051 10844
7 13.39 1338.8 129.9 0.0077 6477 10450
8 12.39 1238.8 110.3 0.0091 8154 9962
9 11.39 1138.8 93.4 0.0107 10130 9405
10 10.39 1038.8 78.8 0.0127 12469 8800
11 9.39 938.8 66.0 0.0151 15252 8156
12 8.39 838.8 54.9 0.0182 18589 7481
13 7.39 738.8 45.1 0.0222 22631 6778
14 6.39 638.8 36.4 0.0275 27597 6048
15 5.39 538.8 28.8 0.0348 33821 5289
16 4.39 438.8 22.0 0.0455 41845 4498
17 3.39 338.8 16.0 0.0626 52650 3667
18 2.39 238.8 10.6 0.0940 68308 2780
19 1.39 138.8 5.9 0.1700 94709 1810
20 0.39 38.8 1.6 0.6182 173530 674

MAXIMUM 11137

Data transfered to be transfered to next sheet (manual process, not linked)

Conditions at maximum mass flux (for critical flow) or backpressure (for sub-critical flow)

Maximum Mass Flux Gmax (from above) = 11137 kg/s.m2

Pressure at maximum mass flux (from above) 16.39 Bara
Vapour Actual Flow at Max Flux (from simulation) 2.921 Am3/h
Liquid Actual Flow at Max Flux (from simulation) 1.834 Am3/h

Mass Flux vs Pressure

Mass Flux (kg/s.m2)

12000
10000
8000
6000 Mass Flux
4000
2000
0
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
Pressure (Bara)

The user can assume that the locked calculations are accurate and have previously been checked. The checker must review all
shaded yellow input fields and determine if correct. The checker and approver must also determine that the spreadsheet is
appropriate for the application. All validated spreadsheets for process engineering are held in the Process Design Guide
3DG-V88D-0001 master in 'e-engineering'. To use a validated spreadsheet each project must copy the file from
e-engineering' to the project drive to serve as the template. Each calculation must start with that template. If the project
modifies the spreadsheet, it can no longer be considered validated and must be treated like any other spreadsheet.
Bechtel Limited CALCULATION SHEET
PO Box 739
245 Hammersmith Road London W6 8DP
DATE

CALCULATION BY CHECKED BY SHEET No of

PLANT No. CALC No. JOB No

SUBJECT FILE No

Two Phase PSV Sizing - Direct Integration DIERS HEM Method

Calculate Valve Size

(Note use Gmax figure calculated on previous sheet)

METRIC UNITS IMPERIAL UNITS

Upstream Pressure 20.39 bar (a) 295.7 psia

Required Relief Rate 180000.0 kg/h 396832.1 lb/h
Maximum Mass Flux (Gmax) 11137.0 kg/s.m2 57025.9 lb/h.in2
Set Pressure (Ps) 20.0 bar (g) 290.1 psig
Back Pressure (Pb) 0.7 bar (g) 10.2 psig
Percentage Backpressure 3.5 % 3.5 %
Pressure at Maximum Flux (PGmax) 16.4 bar (a) 237.7 psia
Vapour Coefficient of Discharge (KdVapour) 0.975 0.975
Liquid Coefficient of Discharge (KdLiquid) 0.650 0.650
Is Flow Critical ? CRITICAL CRITICAL

Two Phase Coefficient of Discharge (Kd) 0.975 0.975

Vapour Actual Flow at Max Flux 2.921 Am3/h 103.2 ft3/h
Liquid Actual Flow at Max Flux 1.834 Am3/h 64.8 ft3/h
Backpressure Coefficient Vapour (KbVapour) 1.0 1.0
Backpressure Coefficient Liquid (KbLiquid) 1.0 1.0
Backpressure Coefficient Two Phase (Kb) 1.000 1.0

Required Area (A) 4604.7 mm2 7.14 in2

Selected Orifice Q Q
Number Duty Valves 1 1
API Effective Area (1 Valve) 7129.0 mm2 11.05 in2
API Effective Area (All Duty Valves) 7129.0 mm2 11.050 in2
Selected Area Rated Flow 278680 kg/h 614383 lb/h

The user can assume that the locked calculations are accurate and have previously been checked. The checker must review all
shaded yellow input fields and determine if correct. The checker and approver must also determine that the spreadsheet is
appropriate for the application. All validated spreadsheets for process engineering are held in the Process Design Guide
3DG-V88D-0001 master in 'e-engineering'. To use a validated spreadsheet each project must copy the file from
e-engineering' to the project drive to serve as the template. Each calculation must start with that template. If the project
modifies the spreadsheet, it can no longer be considered validated and must be treated like any other spreadsheet.