1

The Effect of Pandemic to the Rate of

Productivity of Structural Works in Construction

Operations

by

Cabingan, Francis Keith A.

Cernechez, Jed Kyle B.

Cortez, Mark Benson G.

Del Rosario, Khasey Louise G.

Pasagui, Rae Martin E.

A Research manuscript submitted to the School of Civil, Environmental, and

Geological Engineering in Partial Fulfilment of the requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

Mapúa University

August 2020
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APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that we have supervised the preparation of and read the study prepared
by Francis Keith A. Cabingan, Jed Kyle B. Cernechez, Mark Benson G. Cortez,
Khasey Louise G. Del Rosario, Rae Martin E. Pasagui, entitled ‘THE EFFECT OF
PANDEMIC TO THE RATE OF PRODUCTIVITY OF STRUCTURAL WORKS IN
CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS’, and that the said study has been submitted for final
examination by Oral Examination Committee.

__________________________
Engr. John Paul Carreon
Research Professor

As members of the Oral Examination Committee, we certify that we have examined this
thesis, presented before the committee on Month, Date, Year, and hereby recommend that
it be accepted as fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in
Civil Engineering.
___________________________

Chairman Panel Member

___________________________ __________________________
Member Member

This study is hereby approved and accepted by the School of CEGE as fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

___________________________
Dr. Francis Aldrin A. Uy

Dean, School of CEGE

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ABSTRACT

Corona virus disease (Covid-19) is a viral disease which can be easily transmitted

from an infected person to another. This also triggered the World Health Organization to

identify it as a global pandemic. The pandemic has affected not only the health instances

in the world but also the economic progress of each country. In the country, lockdowns

and quarantines are implemented so that the virus would not be spread easily, and cases

would not increase rapidly. Hence, schools, offices, and works are shut down including

the construction. The research aims to determine the effect of pandemic to the

productivity rate of structural works in construction operations. Furthermore, researchers

also aim to have an approximation on how delayed the construction project due to the

pandemic. The researchers used an online survey form to ensure the safety protocols and

avoid the spread of the virus. Professionals who are currently working on site and having

a project before and during the pandemic are the most respondents of the survey. Data

obtained from the survey were interpreted by means of a graphical pie chart analysis

which can provide justifications for the objectives. Conclusions done for the study is

blended with recommendation such that the further researchers would enhance their

analysis related to the topic.

Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Productivity Rate, Structural Works, Construction,

Construction Operations
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the present world, there is a race of existence in which those who are having

will to come forward succeed.

The group dedicated this research to our God Almighty, who kept us safe during

the span of our research, and to the body of knowledge. We would like to express our

gratitude everyone who made this research possible.

Francis Keith A. Cabingan

Jed Kyle B. Cernechez

Mark Benson G. Cortez

Khasey Louise G. Del Rosario

Rae Martin E. Pasagui

We would like to give special thanks to our professor and mentor, Engr. John

Paul Carreon for giving us the guidance and knowledge in order to conduct a research

study. Despite the current situation, we would like to acknowledge our professor for

conducting online classes.

We are also grateful to our families, for providing us the needed tools to deliver

the class and for supporting us all throughout the research.

Lastly, we would like to thank our respondents, who took part and gave their time

to answer our questionnaires for us to complete this study.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………1

APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………………………………………2

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………….…………………….... 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………4

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………….……………………….5

LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………...7

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………….……………………………...8

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY……………………………….…………8

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM …………….……………….………….8

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY………………………………………….….9

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY……………………………….………….9

1.5 SCOPES AND LIMITATION…………………………………….………….9

Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………………..………….10

Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY……………………………………………..…………….21

3.1 RESEARCH APPROACH…………………………………………….…….21

3.2 RESEARCH STRATEGY………………………………………..………….21

3.3 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE………………………………………………22

3.4 RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY………………………………………...28 

3.5 METHODOLOGICAL FLOWCHART…………………………………….29 

Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS……………………………………………30

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Chapter 5: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………….42

5.1 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………...42

5.2 RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………………...43

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………...………...44

APPENDICES……...……………………………………………………………………

PEER EVALUATION…………………………………………………………………...

RESUME………………………………………………………………………………...
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.3.1: Survey Questionnaire…………………………………………………......22

Figure 3.5.1: Methodological Flowchart………………………………………………..29

Figure 4.1: Job Description of Respondents…………………………………………….30

Figure 4.2 Type of Construction of Respondents……………………………………….31

Figure 4.3: Current Project Duration…………………………………………………….32

Figure 4.4: Delay of Construction in Months……………………………………………33

Figure 4.5: Affirmation to Pandemic Effect on Construction …………………………...34

Figure 4.6: Progress of Structural Works before Pandemic...………………………...…35

Figure 4.7: Productivity of Structural Works before the Pandemic …………………….36

Figure 4.8: Affected Works during Pandemic…………………………………………...37

Figure 4.9: Monetary loss of Companies….……………………………………………..38

Figure 4.10: Termination of Workers……………………………………………………39

Figure 4.11: Amount of Terminated Laborers…………………………………………...40

Figure 4.12: Affirmation to Project Completion…………………………………………41

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral disease that has been affecting the

world up until this time. It is caused by a new coronavirus type. This deadly disease was

unknown in November 2019, until the invasion began in Wuhan, China. Because of the

absence of international travel restrictions and ban in our country, foreigners and other

possible carriers of the disease were able to set foot on our country, increasing the risks

of contagion in the country. On 30th of January 2020, the Department of Health of the

Philippines detailed the primary instance of the said coronavirus in the nation with a 38-

year-old female Chinese national. On the 7th of March, the main neighbourhood

transmission of COVID-19 was affirmed. Following these unfortunate series of events,

several problems in construction operations have risen in the country, greatly affecting

the productivity rate due to necessary precautions, and social distancing.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

In March 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte declared a national lockdown that

forced a stoppage to all types of workers in performing their tasks including construction

works. Since then, the construction industry has been on hiatus that has surely caused

delays on the rate of productivity. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, construction firms

have been experiencing a decline in their economic status, causing several employees to
 9

lose their jobs. Though some construction companies have recently started resuming their

activities, issues are still on the rise due to the risks of the virus, and continuous

infections of workers in the site.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to determine the rate of productivity of the

construction or building process of structural works in civil engineering projects during

the time of pandemic. The researchers aim to have an approximation of how delayed a

typical construction project will be during the course of the COVID-19 crisis in the

country. 

1.4 Significance of the Study

This research will be significant to the people working in the construction

industry. The findings of this study will redound to the benefit of those who look to

handle, invest, or work for construction projects during a time of pandemic crisis

considering that several hindrances may occur in the duration of a project. The number of

COVID-19 cases justifies the stoppage of construction works as community quarantine is

implemented nationwide. Thus, it would help them to reconsider being involved in this

type of work to prevent various kinds of losses.

1.5 Scopes and Limitation

This study will only focus on construction projects’ productivity rate of structural

works alone, located in Metro Manila. The researchers only conducted the survey within

the professional and non-professional construction workers within the NCR Region.
 10

Hence, results may vary if the area scope by this research is widened within the whole

country. 

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The new strand of the Corona virus or commonly known as COVID-19 has

affected the whole economy in general. The construction industry may not have been hit

as hard as the retail industry, nonetheless the industry suffered a big loss during this time

of pandemic. This part of the study will enumerate related studies made to widen the

knowledge available for the researches to use in making a definite conclusion about the

effects of this pandemic to all the key points surrounding our construction industry.

2.1 COVID-19 (Coronavirus) – Immediate Impacts on Construction Planning

Mixed

Commercial projects starting to decrease since the start of the outbreak of the

virus. Based from the data shown, it somehow increases before the time of lockdown and

quarantines started. This may be because, works might have been worked twice faster

than the usual, such that they would somehow obtain at least the percentage of their

accomplishment. Meanwhile for Institutional projects, it is constantly decreasing from the

very beginning of March and not surprisingly because these are projects which would be

very critical for the end-users. ”The impact on construction activity is also uncertain, but

it’s clear that it won’t be business as usual. There are several areas of the country where

construction has been halted (like in Boston and Cambridge MA) and others where it has
 11

been curtailed (such as in San Francisco and Los Angeles where housing construction

has been deemed an essential service). Some projects have been delayed, while others

appear to be proceeding.” (Branch, 2020)

2.2 The impact of COVID-19 on Construction Industry in the United States

The Impact of coronavirus spreads across the world on all businesses and industries,

including building industry. “Nearly 30% of imported construction materials in the US

comes from China. As China’s manufacturing output has declined, supply chain

constraints could result in project delays for months to come. However, some American

construction firms take almost 80% of their construction materials from China as it is

available at a lesser rate. Though we already know where this outbreak has started from,

so getting the raw materials from there now would be challenging. USA will have to bear

the material cost increments along with the delay in the procurement of the material from

China or elsewhere in this global outbreak. Construction firms are still in the dilemma

and fear of how they will cover up with the delays of the project completing after their

site has been shut due to quarantine. These shutdowns and bans imply that organizations

should work from home and involve teleworking with different technologies to keep the

business going. Now the question arises that how will we develop structures and

roadways without physical nearness? So, it will be intriguing to perceive what potential

arrangements individuals think of for that.” (Tesla Outsourcing Services, 2020)

2.3 Impact of COVID-19 on construction industry

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In a national survey of 40,000 Contractors of America firms nationwide, 40

percent of respondents said they were experiencing cancelations or postponements,

Clowser said, but in West Virginia, the state chapter, hasn’t yet dealt with many delays as

a result of the virus. If revenues fail to rebound quickly, he said, that could change. But

for now, he doesn’t anticipate that to be the case.“My impression is that the major

projects that are planned, at some point, will return to a normal,” Clowser said. ““We

developed countless toolbox talks for supervisors and employees for each day, updating

them on new policies and social distancing. We had HR toolkits for employees in offices

and project managers to use if they want to and other policies for working at home.”

(Hoylman, 2020)

2.4 Covid-19: The Current Impact on Construction and Engineering Projects

This article talks about the current effect of Covid-19 to the progress of

construction projects. It’s effect on the technical/contractual side of the project. And the

considerations made with regard to this pandemic. “Construction and engineering

projects around the world are being impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in numerous

ways, and many projects have stopped. How are these profound challenges being

managed?” (Bailey, Bouchardie, & Madalena, April 2020)

2.5 Covid-19’s Impact on the Engineering & Construction Sector

This paper discusses the long-term effects of this pandemic to a construction

company. It also talks about what a company should do or what a company could focus

on during this pandemic. And how to recover after this pandemic. “During this time

when the COVID-19 pandemic is crippling various industries, public construction has
 13

been one of the few industries that has been maintained to some extent. Although activity

will likely continue in the short-term, the work is expected to halt soon given various

factors including supply chains disruption, shortage of subcontractors and materials,

and the termination of contracts to control expenses. This article looks at the short-term

stress in the industries subsectors as well as long-term impacts of a weak project pipeline

for the entire industry.” (Parada, April 2020)

2.6 Possible Impacts of Covid-19 on Construction Markets

This article talks about the effect of this pandemic on the construction material

supplies. It also talks about its effect on the contractor and labor. How it affects economy

and the contractual implications. “As the number of global cases of COVID-19 increases,

its impact on the construction industry is anticipated to evolve over the coming months.

Based on observed events in China and Europe, the U.S. construction industry is

predicted to experience similar difficulties with material supply chain disruption, labor

shortages and the city-wide shutdown of construction sites.” (Mew, April 2020)

2.7 Pandemic effects ripple across the construction industry

Operating Engineers Local 701 Business Manager Jim Anderson said some of his

members are taking voluntary layoff to stay safe or to take care of kids who are home

because of school and day care closures, but Local 701’s out-of-work list isn’t bigger

than usual at this time of year. And members who do take a layoff tend to have banked

hours that allow them to maintain union-provided health insurance. Employer health

contributions for all hours over 120 worked in a month go into a reserve, and members

can bank up to six months of health benefits. Meanwhile, Local 701’s hall is closed to
 14

visitors, regular union meetings are cancelled, and the training center classes are

cancelled for now, but reps are as busy as ever, focused on fostering safe practices like

social distancing. “As long as it’s a safe working environment, then let’s keep working. It

all boils down to communication with the members and the contractors.” (Anderson,

2020)

2.8 Pandemic stricken cities on lockdown. Where are our planning and design

professionals [now, then and into the future]?

Urban resilience must include pandemic and health emergencies dimensions. The

effects of pandemics on urban subsistence. Within pandemic safety plans, the position of

community development practitioners is absent. From observations of COVID-19's

development, new urban planning models and land use are shown. This paper is a call for

action on pandemics and related outbreak control in multinational architecture and

environmental organizations. (Allam & Jones, 2020)

2.9 The dynamic effects of infectious disease outbreaks: The case of pandemic

influenza and human coronavirus

The pandemic and human corona virus dynamic effects are analyzed. Both

epidemiological and economic models are linked to capture regional transmission to

regional economies. The duration of COVID-19 and its economic effects are likely to be

longer than previous pandemics. The analysis shows how economies are likely to be

affected by risk mitigation measures. The study reveals how the risk mitigating activity is
 15

likely to impact savings in the context of prevention steps implemented in reaction to the

current pandemic virus. (Verikios, September 2020)

2.10 How the Pandemic Slowdown Affects CRE and Construction

The pandemic has caused governments around the world to order their countries a

quarantine or lockdown. With this, it slowed down the global economy. This also

increased the unemployment rate since economy would definitely decrease and expenses

including salaries would be affected. Hence, construction works will be affected since

laborers would decrease. “The first and most notable effect of the pandemic slowdown

has been explosion in unemployment around the world.” (CIVE Content Desk, April

2020)

The pandemic slowed down the economy globally, and increased the unemployment rate

by a huge margin, the construction industry included. However, unlike most industries,

the construction industry’s ability to provide early advancement and countermeasures for

the virus, In adapting to the “New normal” definitely helped the industry to slowly stand

back on its feet. The following related studies are part of the industry’s moves and

countermeasures amid the pandemic.

2.11 Using Input-Output Analysis to Model the Impact of Pandemic Mitigation and

Suppression Measures on the Workforce

The paper uses a pandemic impact analysis model on the workforce. The input-

output model. The analysis contrasts the impact on workers of prevention and elimination

interventions. The results reflect the impact on economic losses of workforce disruptions.
 16

Analysis of mental health and socioeconomic disparities requires a further study. The

article ends with observations on certain pandemic implications such as societal

alienation and the disproportionate results for various socio class classes, such as the

impact on mental wellbeing. (Santos, July 2020)

2.12 Flexible employment relationships and careers in times of the COVID-19

pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a crisis that affects several aspects of

people's lives around the globe. Most of the affected countries took several measures, like

lockdowns, business shutdowns, hygiene regulations, social distancing, school and

university closings, or mobility tracking as a means of slowing down the distribution of

COVID-19. These measures are expected to show short-term and long-term effects on

people's working lives. However, most media reports focused on the effects of the

COVID-19 pandemic on changes in work arrangements (e.g., short-time work, flexible

location and hours) for workers in a regular employment relationship. We here focus on

workers in flexible employment relationships (e.g. temporary agency work and other

forms of subcontracted labor, as well as new forms of working, such as in the gig

economy). Specifically, we will discuss (a) how the work and careers of individuals in

flexible employment relationships might get affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; (b)

outline ideas how to examine period effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the work and

careers of those individuals, and (c) outline how the pandemic can contribute to the

ramification of flexible employment relationships. (Spurk & Straub, June 2020)

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2.13 States Reopen with New Practices

This article mainly discusses on how construction companies operate during

Covid-19. The precautions and safety measures used to prevent the spread of this virus,

and the effect on labor workers. “As states around the country gradually reopen from the

coronavirus shutdown, contractors are being challenged to operate in new ways to

prevent the spread of the virus and to accept a slower pace of work as the new normal.”

(Buckley, Van Voorhis, & Cubarrubia, May 2020)

2.14 Coronavirus and the construction sector: how can the industry get back on its

feet following the crisis?

As the pandemic progresses and the complete effects of the virus take hold, the

construction industry is beginning to look at how it can tackle the challenges and respond

to the new needs which have arisen as a result of the expansion of this virus. For

example, in Central America, companies from the industry are coming together in an

effort against the coronavirus by participating in operations for the cleaning and

disinfection of public spaces. Meanwhile, in construction projects, the work to optimize

processes and resources by implementing technological advances and developing the

activity with dynamism, innovation and technology in each of the phases of the

construction lifecycle continues. “IoT devices are essential for maintaining the flow of

data which is derived from a worksite, helping reduce the number of workers who are on-

site gathering data and providing real-time information, therefore minimizing the

workers’ exposure to COVID-19.” (Cemex, 2020)

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2.15 COVID-19 and the world of work: Impact and policy responses

For several cases this pandemic is exceptional, but experiences can also be learnt

from past economic crises. In the country where country-reported data are not available,

the ILO actively maintains a series of econometric models that are used as an estimate of

labor market indicator. The purpose of estimating labor market indicators for countries

with data missing is to obtain a balanced panel data set so that computers with consistent

country coverage in the regional and global aggregates can be calculated each year. These

allow the ILO to analyze the main labor market indicators and related trends in global

and regional assessments. This study presents three potential scenarios based on the virus

effects strength (low, medium and high) (Organization, International Labour, 2020)

2.16 Strategies for improving construction craftspeople apprenticeship training

programme: Evidence from the UK

The training rates for craftsmen in the building sector are low. The reasons behind

the failure to complete the building apprenticeship have been investigated. The factors

responsible for non-completion have been identified based on extensive interviews. In

order to improve completion rates, it is important to recruit and use appropriate

pedagogy. For improving productivity and organizational sustainability in building

industry, young people are vital. It contributes with a thorough understanding of the

challenges faced by the training of craftsmen and of how to improve their outcomes to

the current knowledge. (Daniel, Oshodi, Arif, Henjewele, & Haywood, 1 September

2020)
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2.17 Business Continuity Management in Large Construction Companies in

Singapore

This study aims to determine whether large construction companies in Singapore

would practice BCM (Business Continuity Management). It shows that based from the

survey they took amongst the 22 large companies in Singapore, most of the companies do

not practice BCM. However, this seem to affect their working schedules since if this has

been applied or been knowledgeable, it would be a great comeback after the pandemic

ended. “To be successful in promoting BCM in the building industry, the relevant

authorities in Singapore, such as the Building and Construction Authority, should

demonstrate to construction companies how beneficial BCM is for the company's

operations, so that they can be better equipped to meet future challenges more

confidently.” (Low, Liu, & Sio, 2010)

2.18 Analysis of a Recession Scenario 2020-2022

In this reference, the impact of pandemic would be more often felt once the

construction started to recover from its losses during the time of pandemic. Furthermore,

data/graph shown on the reference is that on how construction would start costing in each

specific type of project for the remaining year of 2020 and on the early 2021. “The major

declines in 2020 are residential since most residential spending comes from new starts

within the year, but for all other work, the strength of backlog going into 2020 pushes

most of the declines out to 2021 and 2022.” (Zarenski, 2020)

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2.19 The potential impact of the covid-19 pandemic on occupational status, work

from home, and occupational mobility

The economic and social shock presented by the Covid-19 pandemic is likely to

reshape perceptions of individuals and organizations about work and occupations and

result in both micro and macro shifts in the world of work. In this essay we focus on three

occupationally-related domains that may be impacted by the pandemic. First, perceptions

of the value and status of different occupations may change, resulting in both changes of

occupational supply and demand (macro changes) and changes in the perceived calling

and meaningfulness of different occupations (micro changes). Second, the great “work

from home experiment” may change occupational perspectives on working from home.

Organizations and researchers may be able to better understand which occupational and

individual characteristics are associated with work-from-home effectiveness and better

designate occupational groups and individuals to working (or not working) from home.

Third, we discuss the increased segmentation of the labor market which allocate workers

to “good jobs” and “bad jobs” and the contribution of occupational segmentation to

inequality. (Kramer & Kramer, June 2020)

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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Approach

The researchers created an elaborative survey to gather the data needed for the

study. This survey was done taking into consideration the safety of the researchers due to

the current spreading of pandemic. Furthermore, the researchers went directly to

personnels/laborers who are working on construction companies and currently

constructing structures before and during the pandemic. The sample and responses these

people would provide will be the basis for determining the effect of the pandemic to the

rate of productivity of structural works on construction operations. Through these

responses, the researchers will come up to a decision on what rate the productivity of

structural works declined and how delayed the construction is due to the pandemic. We
 22

only took a sample of 55 people who work in construction sites who are in charge with

the construction operations. 

3.2 Research Strategy

The researchers made an online survey in order to assure that there would be no

casualties and infection/spreading of the coronavirus encountered. The online survey was

also taken into consideration the convenience and the capability of the respondents to

answer the questionnaire. However, the researchers manually asked for respondents such

that to ensure that the questionnaire would be answered precisely and be accurate on the

data obtained. 

3.3 Survey Questionnaire

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25
26
27
28
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Figure 3.3.1: Survey Questionnaire

3.4 Respondents of the Study

Non-probability purposive online survey sampling was used since the current

situation also affected the researchers on obtaining respondents. The researchers

contacted people who have projects and currently working on it in construction

companies. Professionals such as Engineers, Architects, Contractors and Project

Managers as well as Non-Pro’s such as laborers and helpers were used as the respondents
 30

of the study to assure that questions provided and data obtained are related to the current

situation. 

3.5 Methodological Flowchart

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Figure 3.5.1: Research Flowchart

Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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The results shown on the figures below are based on the research questionnaire

done by online forms. Each of the questions corresponds with the data required to

analyze the situation and to obtain the objectives of the research. The respondents’

answers were summarized from the forms and created figures by charts to see the value

of their responses. The charts shown below also has interpretations for each. 

Figure 4.1: Job Description of Respondents

The job description provided by the respondents only varies within the workers in

construction companies. The most number of respondents are Architects, followed by

Civil Engineers, Senior Structural Engineer, Project Manager/Control, Site Engineer,

Chief Construction Manager, Senior QA/QC Engineers, HSE Advisor and Mechanical

Supervisors. Basically, these professionals were the people who are involved in

designing, constructing and supervising a project/construction. 

 33

Figure 4.2: Type of Construction of Respondents

Currently, most of the construction being done in the industry is more of

commercial buildings with 56.4% or equivalent to 31 respondents, it is mostly used for

business/rental purposes such as malls, restaurants, and offices which are also mostly in

urban areas. Meanwhile, 27.3% or 15 respondents answered that they are currently

working with residential constructions. And 16.4% or 9 respondents said that they are

working on industrial buildings which are more of factories and manufacturing products.
 34

Figure 4.3: Current Project Duration

Most of the construction being done by 26 respondents is more than 3 years which

could possibly be more of, a high-rise commercial buildings or some large area of

industrial constructions. Meanwhile, 23 respondents are working from 1 to 3 years of

construction. And only 6 respondents working for half a year construction which could

possibly be a small residential area. 

 35

Figure 4.4: Delay of Construction in Months

Nowadays, due to the pandemic, lockdowns and community quarantine is

implemented, which delays and stops the work in construction. Unfortunately, 7

respondents’ project is already delayed for more than 12 months. 5 are delayed for 9 to

12 months and 7 are delayed for 6 to 9 months. Luckily, most respondents’ (22) project

are delayed only for a maximum of 3 months as well as 14 respondents are only delayed

for 4 to 6 months. 
 36

Figure 4.5: Affirmation to Pandemic Effect on Construction

The pandemic has greatly affected the whole world and as well as the economy

including the construction industry. 45 respondents definitely agreed that the pandemic

greatly affected the construction. However, 10 respondents answered that their

construction is not affected or not really much affected by the pandemic. 

 37

Figure 4.6: Progress of Structural Works before the Pandemic

The structural work in a construction is one of the most critical and important

parts of the process. This is where most of the work is done and where laborers are at its

maximum numbers. 8 respondents’ project is already complete with the structural works.

30 respondents are already more than half or atleast near the half completion of structural

works. Only 17 responded that they are only less than the 50% completion of structural

works. 
 38

Figure 4.7: Productivity of Structural Works before the Pandemic

Based on the responses, only 6 out of 55 of our respondents were able to complete

the structural works in their construction projects during the course of this crisis. 14

respondents have completed a very minimal amount of their structural works, 16

respondents completed less than half of their structural works, 6 respondents are about

halfway done, 9 respondents completed more than half, which is a significant amount

during a time of crisis, and 4 respondents are almost finished with the structural works in

their construction projects. The results here show the decline of the productivity of

construction companies as community quarantine is implemented in the country.

 39

Figure 4.8: Affected Works during Pandemic

According to the respondents, only 21 from 55 respondents are affected with their

structural works that is nearly 40% of the respondents. Others, however, responded that

they are much affected with their M.E.F.P.S. (Mechanical, Electrical, Fire Protection,

Sanitary) works and concreting works. Meanwhile, in some part, their affected work is in

the finishing stages due to the delayed delivery of materials. 

 40

Figure 4.9: Monetary loss of Companies

The pandemic has also affected not only the production of construction but also

the cost/economy of the project. 63.6% (35) of the respondents’ project have lost more

than half a million in their accountability. This might be constructions related to high-rise

buildings or large areas of construction with a great number of laborers. 15 of them are

within the range of a hundred thousand but less than half million and the other 5 were

only losing at a maximum of a hundred thousand. 

 41

Figure 4.10: Termination of Workers

During this pandemic, the economy in our country is in negative value. Due to

economic loss, the savings is also a factor in construction. Materials, equipment and

salaries are being projected and observed such that to maintain a positive value in cash

flow. In lieu, workers/laborers were the only option to adjust the value needed. 30

respondents’ companies have terminated their workers to compensate for their savings. 
 42

Figure 4.11: Amount of Terminated Laborers

The respondents’ company have terminated their laborers due to loss of savings.

Lessening the number of laborers would surely affect the production in construction.

However, companies cannot terminate many workers such that it would greatly affect

them in their productivity. Only 4 out of 55 respondents terminated at least more than

half of its laborers’ number. The rest only terminated 5% to 30% of its total laborers.
 43

Figure 4.12: Affirmation to Project Completion

Majority of our respondents are still uncertain whether their respective companies

would be able to cope and rise up with the project completion date, that is, they are

depending on the situation that would occur in this country. However, 16 of them are

assured that they would still be able to cope up to the project completion date and only 10

of them are sure that they would be adjusting the finish date of the project. 

According to the respondents, the effect of the pandemic in the construction

progress in their project was manageable during the first few months after the project

starts. First, due to the difficulty to contact supplier and manufacturer for the necessary

details to prepare project submittals. Second, the blockade implemented at the concrete

supplier location, that concrete supplier cannot easily deliver the ready-mix concrete

needed. Lastly, the working condition at site, that assigning workers has to be controlled

due to the pandemic protocols of social or physical distancing when work activities have

to be done by shifts.
 44

Chapter 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

The main goals of this research have been met. We were able to determine that

there is indeed a decrease in the rate of productivity of construction during the COVID-

19 pandemic. All based on the online survey given to different respondents that are

related to the construction business. Almost 82% of our respondents answered that this

pandemic greatly affected their construction while the 18% were not affected that much.

These may vary due to how big their project is. Based on the data we gathered comparing

the rate of structural works before and after the pandemic, the results show that there is a

decline in their rate of productivity. We also found out what works were greatly affected.

All of the works are affected however these are the most affected. First is the structural

works according to nearly 40% of our respondents. Others responded that they are

affected with their M.E.F.P.S. (Mechanical, Electrical, Fire Protection, Sanitary) works

and concreting works. Respondents also lost cost/economy during this lockdown with

almost 64% saying that they have lost more than half a million. This also varies

depending on how big the project is and how many workers a project has. To compensate

for this, more than half of our respondents said that they terminated workers. Almost half

of the respondents terminated between 5% and 30% of their workers. Half of our

respondents are still uncertain whether they can still cope with their deadlines depending

on the situation of this lockdown. However some are adjusting to finish their projects on
 45

time and the rest are sure that they won’t be able to finish.  That, being said, this

pandemic greatly affects the overall construction of a project. 

5.2 Recommendation

After a thorough analysis of the data, the following recommendations are hereby:

1.   The long-term approaches are increasingly significant. In spite of the possible

death toll and the conceivable enormous scope interruption to countless

individuals, numerous legislatures have been hesitant to put adequately in

their medicinal services frameworks, not to mention general well-being

frameworks in less created nations where numerous irresistible illnesses are

probably going to begin. Specialists have cautioned and keep on notice that

zoonotic illnesses will keep on representing a danger to the lives of a great

many individuals with conceivably significant interruption to a coordinated

world economy. The thought that any nation can be an island in an

incorporated worldwide economy is refuted by the most recent episode of

COVID-19.

2.   We strongly suggest for the next researchers to cover considerations by

project phase. Project phase includes initiation where construction businesses

consider project criticality, planning where construction businesses should

consider budgetary and schedule delays due to a situation like we are in today,

design, construct and close in order to fully-determine the impact of the

COVID-19 situation in the construction industry.

 46

Deferred plans for office fit out ventures can make gradually expanding influences that

sway inhabitants dates for new rents, just as remnant statements for existing spaces. The

extraordinary condition of COVID-19 will create new difficulties for venture financial

plans, as development groups need to design around new social distancing protocols and

PPE requirements. Cautious arranging and hazarding the board will be fundamental to

move ventures forward while minimizing expenses and calendars on target.

 47

REFERENCES

https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/

briefingnote/wcms_738753.pdf

https://nwlaborpress.org/2020/04/pandemic-effects-ripple-across-the-construction-

industry/

https://electri.org/product/pandemics-and-construction-productivity-quantifying-the-

impact/

https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/ongoing-impacts-of-the-coronavirus-19335/

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S0264837720305974

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01446190601071813

https://www.who.int/philippines/emergencies/covid-19-in-the-philippines

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S1110016812000142

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S0001879120300671

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S1877705816339315

https://edzarenski.com/2020/03/17/pandemic-impact-on-construction-1/

https://cive.com/how-the-pandemic-slowdown-affects-cre-construction/

https://www.teslaoutsourcingservices.com/blog/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-construction-

industry-in-the-united-states/
 48

https://www.construction.com/dodge-newsletters/coronavirus-immediate-impacts-

construction-planning-mixed

https://edzarenski.com/2020/03/17/pandemic-impact-on-construction-1/

https://cive.com/how-the-pandemic-slowdown-affects-cre-construction/

https://www.teslaoutsourcingservices.com/blog/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-construction-

industry-in-the-united-states/

https://www.construction.com/dodge-newsletters/coronavirus-immediate-impacts-

construction-planning-mixed

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S0038012120301774

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S2352550920305066

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S095965262032182X

https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/

briefingnote/wcms_738753.pdf?

fbclid=IwAR2tjS9SuUIZKok1uaqtFX8Cd60hIAV4aTsNepAjtMmmp2rz_6o6nbkOiCM

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S0264837720305974

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S0001879120300609

https://ezproxy.mapua.edu.ph:2600/science/article/pii/S0001879120300671

https://www.fieldwire.com/blog/coronavirus-impact-construction/
 49

https://nwlaborpress.org/2020/04/pandemic-effects-ripple-across-the-construction-

industry/

https://www.whitecase.com/publications/alert/covid-19-current-impact-construction-

engineering-projects

https://www.mydailysentinel.com/news/53451/impact-of-covid-19-on-construction-

industry

https://www.cemexventures.com/coronavirus-and-the-construction-sector-how-can-the-

industry-get-back-on-its-feet-following-the-crisis/

https://www.whitecase.com/publications/alert/covid-19-current-impact-construction-

engineering-projects

https://www.atkinsglobal.com/en-gb/angles/all-angles/possible-impacts-covid-19-on-

construction-markets

https://www.enr.com/articles/49424-states-reopen-construction-with-new-practices?

oly_enc_id=0328I9627690H1E

https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/09653561011038011/full/html?

journalCode=dpm

https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/covid-19/

understanding-the-sector-impact-of-covid-19--engineering---const.html

https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/09653561011038011/full/html?

journalCode=dpm
 50

APPENDIX A: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES

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52
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APPENDIX B: PEER EVALUATION

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

PEER-REVIEW EVALUATION FORM

Name of Evaluator: Cabingan, Francis Keith A.

Course: RES-100
Academic Year and Quarter: 4Q 2019-2020
A. Contribution to the Team Project/ Work

5- Offers grea t contribution to the project

4- Offers above satisfactory contribution to the project/work
3- Offers satisfactory contribution to the project/work
2- Offers minimal contribution to the project/work
1- Insignificant contribution to the project/work

B. Showing Responsibility

5- Perform all assigned tasks effectively and volunteer for additional tasks
4- Perform all assigned tasks effectively
3- Perform all assigned tasks
2- Perform assigned task when prodded
1- Does not perform assigned task

C. Showing importance to other team members

5- Help the other members of the team form their ideas

4- Alwa ys listens to the opinions, suggestions, and points of view of other members
3- Genera lly listens to the opinions, suggestions, and points of view of other members
2- Sometimes argues to other members of the team; oftentimes does not listen to other points of view
1- Argues to other members of the team all the time; does not listen to suggestions or other points of
view.

Name of Team Members Rating Average

A B C

Cernechez, Jed Kyle B. 5 5 5 5

Cortez, Mark Benson G. 5 5 5 5
Del Rosario, Khasey Louise G. 2 2 4 2.67
Pasagui, Rae Martin E. 5 4 5 4.67

Signature: ______________ Date of Evaluation: July 30, 2020

55
 56

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

PEER-REVIEW EVALUATION FORM

Name of Evaluator: CORTEZ, MARK BENSON G.

Course: RES100-4

Academic Year and Quarter: 2019-2020 / 4TH QUARTER

A. Contribution to the Team Project/ Work

5- Offers grea t contribution to the project

4- Offers above satisfactory contribution to the project/work
3- Offers satisfactory contribution to the project/work
2- Offers minimal contribution to the project/work
1- Insignificant contribution to the project/work

B. Showing Responsibility

5- Perform all assigned tasks effectively and volunteer for additional tasks
4- Perform all assigned tasks effectively
3- Perform all assigned tasks
2- Perform assigned task when prodded
1- Does not perform assigned task

C. Showing importance to other team members

5- Help the other members of the team form their ideas

4- Alwa ys listens to the opinions, suggestions, and points of view of other members
3- Genera lly listens to the opinions, suggestions, and points of view of other members
2- Sometimes argues to other members of the team; oftentimes does not listen to other points of view
1- Argues to other members of the team all the time; does not listen to suggestions or other points of
view.

Name of Team Members Rating Average

A B C
CABINGAN, FRANCIS KEITH A. 5 5 5 5

CERNECHEZ, JED KYLE B. 5 5 5 5

DL ROSARIO, KHASEY LOUISE G. 3 3 4 3.33

PASAGUI, RAE MARTIN E. 4 4 5 4.33

Signature: Date of Evaluation: July 30, 2020

57
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 59

Francis Keith A. Cabingan

B2, L31, San Rafael St. Finasia Homes SAV-I
Sucat, Parañaque City
Phone: 09997757662
Email: franciscabingan@gmail.com

OBJECTIVES
To work for a company that could give me new learning opportunities and to
apply my skills and knowledge to the field of Civil Engineering.

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary Level Mapua University S.Y. 2015 – Present

BS Civil Engineering
Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila
Secondary Level St. Andrew’s School School S.Y 2011 – 2015
Parañaque City
Primary Level St. Andrew’s School School S.Y 2005– 2011
Parañaque City

SKILLS
 Basic MD Solids 4.1.0
 Basic Primavera P6 Professional
 Basic Autodesk Revit 2015
 Basic AutoCAD 2015
 Basic Staad Pro v8i
 Good communication skills (English & Tagalog)
 Good leadership skills
 Familiar and Accesible to Microsoft Office

I hereby attest that the above statements are true

Francis Keith A. Cabingan

 60

MARK BENSON G. CORTEZ

172 San Diego St., Brookside Hills Subd., Cainta, Rizal
Cellphone no.: +639103199501

OBJECTIVES:
To work for a company that could offer good opportunities for personal and
professional growth that will utilize my capacity and will allow me to share and apply my
knowledge in the field of Civil Engineering.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Tertiary Level Mapua University 2015 – Present
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila
Secondary Level Greenland Academy 2011 – 2015
Cainta, Rizal
Primary Level Greenland Academy 2005 – 2011
Cainta, Rizal
ORGANIZATION INVOLVEMENT:
Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering Member 2015 – Present
Technological Improvements for New and Keen Engineering Students
(C.E.G.E THINKERS)

LEADERSHIP/ ACADEMIC SEMINARS ATTENDED:

 Automated Real – Time Monitoring System for Dams in Luzon, Philippines

SKILLS:
 Basic AutoCAD 2015
 Basic STAAD Pro V8i
 Basic SketchUp 2016
 Intermediate Primavera P6 Professional
 Good communication skills (English & Tagalog)
 Good leadership skills
 Familiar and Accessible to Microsoft Office
I hereby attest that the above statements are true

CORTEZ, MARK BENSON G.

Jed Kyle B. Cernechez
162 Tandang Sora St., 16th ISU Village,
 61

Pinagsama, Taguig City

Phone: 09064370784
Email: jedcernechez@gmail.com

OBJECTIVES
 To further enhance my skills and knowledge through continuous and progressive
learning gained by additional studies and on-the-job training.
 To learn more knowledge about the fields of Civil Engineering
 To apply my knowledge in the fields of Civil Engineering

EDUCATION BACKGROUND
Tertiary Level Mapua University S.Y 2015 - Present
BS Civil Engineering
Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila
Secondary Level Pateros Catholic School S.Y 2011 – 2015
Pateros, Metro Manila
Primary Level Pateros Catholic School S.Y 2005– 2011
Pateros, Metro Manila

ORGANIZATION INVOLVEMENT
Philippine Institute of Batch 2015 Representative S.Y 2016 – 2017
Civil Engineers (PICEMITSC)
Philippine Institute of Assistant Secretary S.Y 2017 – 2018
Civil Engineers (PICEMUSC)
Junior Philippine Institute of Member S.Y 2016 – Present
Civil Engineers – Lungsod ng
Manila (JPICE-LNM)
Philippine Institute of Member S.Y 2016 – Present
Civil Engineers (PICEMUSC)

EVENTS & SEMINARS ORGANIZED

 PICE Induction 2016
 PICE Induction 2018
 PICE Acquaintance Party “Horus Spectra”
 PICE QUIZ SHOW 2017
 62

 PICE QUIZ SHOW 2016

 Don Tomas National Civil Engineering Quiz Show 2017
 Don Tomas National Civil Engineering Quiz Show 2016
 Seminar: DAVIES PAINT “Construction Management”
 Seminar: Preparing for the big one “ Earthquake hazard and risk scenario
for a greater Metro Manila”
 Seminar: “ Seismic Design of special moment resisting frames”
 Seminar: Construction delays: “ a contractors perspective”
 Seminar: The Design of Tall Buildings
 Seminar: Seismic Design Practices: “Standard to advance seismic design in
the Philippines
 Seminar: Structural Health “Monitoring Bridges”

LEADERSHIP/ACADEMIC SEMINARS ATTENDED

 School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering Leadership
Camp 2017
 Transmit: Transportation Summit 2018 – Mapua University
 Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers National Convention – Davao City

SKILLS
 Basic AutoCAD 2015
 Basic Staad Pro V8i
 Good communication skills (English & Tagalog)
 Good leadership skills
 Familiar and Accessible to Microsoft Office

Pasagui, Rae Martin E.

108A K-9th Street, Brgy. East Kamias, Quezon City
OBJECTIVES:
Cellphone
To no.: 0961a263
secure 8511
cooperative education in the field of
engineering that will challenge and strengthen my education
and professional skills.
EDUCATIONAL
BACKGROUND:
Tertiary Level Mapua University 2014 – Present
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila
Secondary Level MNCHS 2010 – 2014
Masbate City, Masbate
 63

Primary Level Sacro Costato School 2004 – 2010

Masbate City, Masbate
ORGANIZATION INVOLVEMENT:
American Concrete Institute-Mapua Student Chapter Member 2015-Present

LEADERSHIP/ ACADEMIC SEMINARS ATTENDED:

Retrofitting of Buildings (Mapúa University) April 2019 NSCP Orientation (from ASEP Director
– Mapúa University) January 2019
FRAMER – Flood Risk Assessment for Mitigation and Effective Response (Mapúa University)
December 2018
Industry Gaps in the Acceptance of Concrete Strength (Mapúa University) September 2018

SKILLS:
 Basic AutoCAD 2015
 Basic STAAD Pro V8i
 Extensive Leadership and Management
 Problem Solving and Organizational Skills
 Excellent Critical Thinking
 Technical Skills
I hereby attest that the above statements are true

Khasey Louise G. Del Rosario

#42 Juliana Drive
Casimiro Village
Pamplona 3, Las Piñas
City
Mobile: 09361072513
E-mail: delrosariokhasey@yahoo.com

OBJECTIVES

To have the opportunity to work for a position that best suit my qualifications
and that would allow me to utilize my abilities and strengthen my skills in order to
secure a challenging position within an institution, which promotes a path for success
while providing a stable working environment based on my job description.
 64

EDUCATION BACKGROUND

Present – 2013 MAPUA UNIVERSITY

Bachelor of Science in Construction Engineering
Management (BSCEM)
(College)
2013 – 2009 BLOOMFIELD ACADEMY
High School)
2009 – 2003 HOLY ROSARY ACADEMY OF LAS PIŇAS CITY
(Grade School)
2003 – 2002 ANGELORUM SCHOOL
(Pre-School)

ORGANIZATION INVOLVEMENT
American Concrete Institute of the Philippines MSC Member
2015 - Present

Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers MSC Member

2015 - Present

SKILLS
 Speaks fluent Tagalog and English
 Proficient in Microsoft Office applications
 Basic AutoCAD
 Adaptable to the changing corporate environment