LESSON 6: WRITING AN OBJECTIVE/BALANCED REVIEW, OR CRITIQUE OF A

WORK OF ART, AN EVENT OR A PROGRAM

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

This module discusses the principles of writing an objective/balanced review, or critique

of a work of art, an event or a program.

REVIEW
As you have learned from your previous lesson, a critique is a careful analysis of an
argument to determine what is said, how well the points are made, what assumptions underlie the
argument, what issues are overlooked, and what implications are drawn from such observations.

In this lesson, you will have a more in depth understanding of the principles of writing an
objective/balanced review, or critique of a work of art, an event or a program.

STUDY TIME

A balanced/objective review or criticism is a system of interpreting, judging, and

assessing a person, thing, or any work of art not influenced by feelings or opinions in considering
and presenting facts. It is a systematic way of considering the truthfulness of a piece of work.

Every person evaluates art differently. Some pay extra attention to the color scheme and
composition. Others appreciate realistic qualities in artworks. And some people look for
expressiveness and emotion.
One can objectively critique art. Feldman’s method is an accepted way to conduct a
formal analysis of an artwork. It consists of four steps: description, analysis,
interpretation, and judgment.

Step-by-Step Art Critique Guidelines

First, let us take a closer look at structure elements of artistic analysis:

1. The introduction. In this part, you should provide essential information about the artist,
the artwork, and its features: title, materials, location.
2. The thesis. Here you should come up with an argument about the art object.
3. The body. This section implies a full description of the intent of the artist. Explain the
piece of art from your first reaction and impression points of view.
4. The conclusion. In this section you summarize what you’ve learned about the artwork.

Step-by-Step Guide on How to Write the Main Parts of an Art Criticism Paper:
1. Before you start writing, create an outline. It will help you develop the structure of your
essay. In the draft, answer these questions:
o What do you want to write about?
o What are the key points?
o What evidence supports your ideas?
2. Based on the outline, decide on what factual information about the artwork you will need.
Then use credible sources to collect all the necessary data.
3. Provide a clear thesis statement – the main idea that would reflect your vision of an
artistic piece. Don’t underestimate the importance of a thesis! It will guide you through
writing the entire essay. It will also help your readers understand your art criticism better.
4. Once you’ve started your analysis, take a note of your first spontaneous reaction to the
artwork. By the end of the process, you may better understand your first impression, or
you may even change your mind!
 5. Write the main body of the critique using the four-step Feldman’s method. Study the
artwork and assess its content, as well as its purpose. Explain which features of the piece
of art you spot as the most exciting and less successful.
6. Finally, write your conclusions about the artwork based on all the information you have
gathered.
7.
Art Critique: Format and Structure
.
To write a perfect paper, follow the four steps mentioned before: description, analysis,
interpretation, and judgment. Understanding these steps will allow you to evaluate any
artwork fully and objectively.
When starting to write a critique, remember that a useful analysis provides your view of
the object’s strong as well as weak attributes.

1. Description
First of all, describe the artwork. At this stage, you do not t have to analyze anything. Basically,
you just answer the question: what do you see?
Here are some important points that you can include in your artwork description:
 The title of the work and the name of the artist.
 What is the artwork made of?
 What colors, shapes, and textures did the artist use?
 Speak about the techniques used by the artist.
 Describe color contrasts, movement, and shading. Find elements that help to attract the
viewer’s attention.
 Speak about the objects you see in the artwork. Does it depict people, plants, or abstract
forms?
E.g., this is an oil painting of a woman in profile. She’s wearing a black dress in contrast with a
brown background.

2. Analysis
The next step you take when writing an art critique assignment is analysis. To analyze an
artwork means to evaluate how its elements correlate with each other. At this stage, you figure
out what helps the artwork to convey an idea or a mood.
When writing this section, consider the following points:
 Do the features of the piece complement each other?
 Do they create chaos or harmony?
 Discuss the most prominent elements of the artwork, such as balance, proportion,
similarity, and contrast.
 Search for historical underpinnings that became a basis for the artwork under analysis.
How does it tell the story of its time?
 Are there any interesting effects, such as movement or soft focus? If yes, then say how
the artist achieved them.
 Think about your own emotional reaction to the artwork. Try and formulate what
elements helped to convey the feeling.
E.g., the tonal range of the painting creates a dark and brooding atmosphere. The sharp
shadows create dramatic contrasts.

3.  Interpretation
In this next section, we are looking for the meaning behind the artwork. It may seem like a tough
task, especially if the artwork is cryptic or too unusual. But don’t worry: at this stage, the
interpretation is entirely up to you.
Remember: you should not make your interpretation too arbitrary. Provide evidence and point
out what exactly influenced your understanding of the artwork.
Here are the elements that you can include in your interpretation:
 How does this art object make you feel?
  What do you think of when you’re looking at the artwork?
 What did the artist want to tell you as a viewer?
 What do you think about the title of the work? Does it influence your interpretation?
 If you can’t understand a painting or a sculpture, don’t hurry to give a negative response
to it. Think of other critics who have provided a positive evaluation of the examined
artwork. It doesn’t mean you shouldn’t have your opinion! All you need is to find a good
way to express it.
E.g., in this painting, the artist wanted to show us the king’s personality and achievements.

4. Judgment
And now it is time to express your opinion. At this point, you are deciding if the work
succeeded in creating a mood or telling a story.
It is essential to be objective when judging an art object. Remember: even if there is something
you personally do not like, the work still can be successful. And do not forget to provide
evidence that supports your judgment.
Here are some points that can help you write the fourth part of your review:
 How do you think: is the work successful or not?
 Does this art object seem original or not?
 What do you feel when looking at this piece of artwork?
 Go back to your first impression. Has anything changed? What did you learn?
 If nothing changed, explain your first reaction to the work.
 What have you learned from this work that you might apply to your own artwork or your
thinking?
E.g., the artwork successfully conveys the atmosphere of a battle through its composition and
color scheme. Learning about its backstory helped me to appreciate the painting even more.

How to Critique Different Art Forms

As you can imagine, all kinds of masterpieces are subject to art criticism. For example,
you can choose to write about paintings, drawings, sculptures, or even buildings. And, naturally,
all these forms of art have their specific features!
These tips will provide you with an art critique template for anything, be it an oil painting
or a cathedral.

1. Painting Critique

Paint is a medium that emphasizes light, colors, and space. You can discuss these and
many other points in your critique, for example:
 What school of painting does it belong to? Is it typical or unusual for this particular
school?
E.g., Monet’s Water Lilies is a typical Impressionist painting.
 Describe the way the artist applies paint. Are there broad paint strokes, small points of
color, or just a smooth surface? What effect does it help to achieve?
E.g., Van Gogh’s broad brush strokes help to create a sense of motion.
 Describe how the light is depicted. Where does the light come from? Is there a strong
value contrast? In what way does the shadow function? What, in your opinion, does it
evoke?
E.g., strong contrast makes the central figures stand out.
 Speak about the handling of space in the picture. Does it look flat or three-dimensional?
What kind of perspective is used? (e.g., one-point perspective or bird’s eye view?)
E.g., in this painting, Picasso uses multi-dimensional geometrical shapes.

2. Sculpture Critique
Similarly, many specific factors influence the overall impression of a sculpture. Here are
some things to pay attention to:
  Say if the material gives a particular texture to the statue. Is the surface smooth, or is it
uneven?
E.g., Rodin’s sculpture has an unusual earthy texture.
 The surrounding space is just as important as the sculpture itself. Describe the place (in
the museum, in a park, in front of a building) where it is situated. What does it add to the
sculpture?
E.g., the statue appears to walk along the road.
 Speak about the color of the sculpture. Is it painted? Does it rely on natural lights and
shadows?
E.g., the statue is white. A museum floodlight lights it from above, creating expressive
shadows.
 Describe the composition of the sculpture. What does it look like when you approach it?
Did the sculptor provide any instructions on how to position it?
E.g., the statue is enormous and can be viewed from all sides.

3. Architecture Critique
You can write art critiques on architecture, too. Just bear in mind the following points:
 What architectural style does it belong to?
E.g., the cathedral is a typical Gothic building.
 Was it built with a purpose? Did a specific person request it?
E.g., the Palace of Versailles was requested by Louis IV as a symbol of his monarchy.
 Did one architect complete the building, or were there any alterations? Why were they
made?
E.g., the spire was added to the cathedral much later. It became the integral part of its
image.
 What do the exterior and the interior look like? What effect do they produce? Is there a
contrast between them?
E.g., the building has a high ceiling painted like the sky. It also makes the organ music
sound louder.
 Are there statues or paintings on the walls? Discuss them as well!
E.g., statues on the cathedral’s facade illustrate scenes from the Bible.

4. Photography Critique
Analyzing a photograph is a lot like critiquing a painting. Still, there are some unique
features to consider:
 How does the photographer use focus? Is any part of the image blurry? What effect does
it produce?
E.g., the background is out-of-focus, which has a dreamy effect.
 Is the picture monochrome? If yes, describe its tone, contrast, and shadows. If no,
describe the use of color.
E.g., the picture is in black and white, with stark contrasts.
 If it’s a photo of a face, pay extra attention to the emotion it expresses. If it’s dynamic,
discuss the sense of motion.
E.g., the photograph conveys a sense of cheerfulness through the girl’s expression and
the use of light.

5. Art Critique Tips

 Do not focus too much on description or decoding the hidden meaning behind the
artwork. It is better to find a balance between all four elements of a critique.
 Focus on many different visual aspects of the object you’re discussing. This will make
your analysis varied and more complete.
 If possible, visit the gallery or an exhibition to see the artwork for yourself. It can be
especially helpful if you’re writing about a sculpture.
 Try to find something you can appreciate in any piece, be it high or low art.
 You can use the artist’s interpretation of their work in your essay, but leave room for
your own ideas.
 If you’re going to read your critique in front of your class or group, make a presentation
to accompany it.
 Once finished, read your critique aloud. Then, read any of the critique papers from a
magazine. You can use it as a sample. Think of what can be added to your assignment to
make it even better.
 Don’t forget to check your paper for grammar, spelling, and punctuation.

  
 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name: Strand and Section:

WORKSHEET 6

Similar to most Asian countries, rice, known as palay here in the Philippines, is the

main staple food of us Filipinos, and has been for quite some time.

Directions: Below is the painting of “Planting Rice” by Fernando Amorsolo; take a look at this,
study, analyze, and write a balanced/objective review of the painting considering the elements
discussed. Write your review in paragraph form on the space provided below.

Describe:
Analyze:

Interpret:

Judge:
LESSON 7: CONCEPT PAPERS

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
This module discusses the principles of writing concept papers.
As you have learned from your previous lesson, a balanced/objective review or criticism
is a system of interpreting, judging, and assessing a person, thing, or any work of art not
influenced by feelings or opinions in considering and presenting facts. It is a systematic way of
considering the truthfulness of a piece of work.
In this lesson, you will have a more in depth understanding of the ways a writer can
elucidate on a concept by definition, explication and clarification.

STUDY TIME

What is a Concept Paper?

Prior to the submission of a project proposal, proponents are requested to submit a
summary of what the project is all about, the reasons for conducting the project, and how it will
be carried out. This summary document is called a concept paper. A concept paper provides an
overview of the project, and helps funding agencies eliminate proposals that re likely to be
disapproved. Hence, it helps save time and effort for both the proponents and the funding
agencies.
A concept paper has several uses:
 First, it serves as foundation of the full proposal.
 Second, it helps determine whether a certain project is feasible or not.
 Third, it is used to pique the interest of the potential funding agencies.
 Finally, it is used to obtain informal feedback on the ideas prior to preparing the full
proposal.

Since a concept paper is a preliminary document for a proposal, it shows a preview of the
improvements that the proponent would like to have implemented. Concept papers can be
helpful in addressing social issues especially since they aim to show solutions to tangible issues
which plague society.

Three Ways in Explaining a Concept

Before writing your concept paper, you have to learn how to explain your concept first.
You can accomplish his using definition, explication, or clarification.

1. Definition
Definition is a method of identifying a given term and making its meaning clearer. Its
main purpose is to clarify and explain concepts, ideas, and issues by answering the question,
“What does it mean?” This mode of explanation contains the term to be defined and the detailed
exposition of the term through the use of illustrations, examples, and description.

A definition can be presented in three ways: informal, formal, or extended.

i. An informal definition is done through a parenthetical or brief explanation. They do not

include distinguishing features.
Example: Tocopherol (Vitamin E) is naturally found in vegetable oil, fish, and nuts.
Another example:
Term Class/Genus
A chair is a piece of furniture.

ii. A formal definition explains a term by incorporating the term to be defined (species), the
category of the term (genus/class), and the quality that makes the term different from other terms
in the same category (differentia).
 Example: Vitamin E is a light yellow fat-soluble vitamin that acts as anti-oxidant.

Another example:
Term Genus/Class Differentia
A bicycle is a mode of transport That has two wheels and is
powered through the pedalling
effort of the rider.

iii. An extended definition is a detailed way of defining a term and is usually composed of at
least one paragraph. This type of definition incorporates various patterns of development (e.g.,
formal and informal definition, comparison and contrast, narration, description, classification,
functional analysis, process, analogy, and cause and effect) to explain a given concept.

To provide specifics to distinguish the term from other members of that class, you can use these
techniques:
1. Formal – follows a patter or equation; term+genus/class+differentia (differentiating
characteristics) Example: Technology is the branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or
applied sciences.
2. By synonym – using a word or phrase that shares a meaning with the term being defined.
Example: Technology – Knowledge, Computers
3. By origin or semantic history
Example: Technology comes from the Greek work tekhnologia.
4. By illustration
Example: Technology involves the use of machineries in every aspect of work.
5. By function
Example: Technology uses hi-tech machines to get the work done.
6. By analysis – breaking down wholes into parts, aspects to levels and a process into steps)
Example: Technology is defined as the application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes, especially in industry.
7. By likeness of similarity
Example: Technology is likened to modern living where robots exist.
8. By analogy or metaphor
Example: Technology is like a robot that makes life easier.
9. By contrast – use of opposites
Example: Unlike the manual work, technology makes work efficient.
10. By negation – stating what the term is not
Example: Technology is not harmful if used properly.

Example: Subsequent to material design is the preparation of learning materials.

Learning materials refer to both printed and non-printed objects or items that teachers and
learners use to facilitate language learning. Nowadays, materials are becoming more and more
sophisticated, incorporating authentic language samples and realias that help make a
connection between classrooms and real-life activities. They also incorporate information and
communication (ICT), role-plays, information-gap activities, songs, taped transcripts, integrated
macro skills, and explicit rubrics.

To better present ideas, you should identify the important elements contained in a
definition. These include the term being defined, the detailed explanation, and the specific
examples. The following signal words will also help you in writing this kind of text.

Signal Words for Definition

as defined for instance means to define
for example as defined as such as to illustrate
Such as

In order to clearly define your concept, remember the following tips:

1. In formal definitions, avoid using the same term to be defined (e.g., “A cell phone is a
phone…”).
2. In writing definitions, observe the concept of mutual exclusivity. Meaning, make sure that
the features of the term do not overlap with other similar concepts of the same class. (e.g., “A
skateboard is a mode of transport that has four wheels.”)

2. Explication
An explication is a method of explanation in which sentences, verses, quotes, or passages
are taken away from a literary or academic work and then interpreted and explained in a detailed
way. When using this technique, you need to clearly present your thesis in the introduction and
follow it up with a detailed analysis of a passage or text. You may begin the nody of the
explication by analysing and explaining how the text was constructed. Your explication should
end with a concise conclusion by restating your thesis and major arguments.

Explication of “The Road Not Taken”

The poem entitled “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost is about a man reflecting on a
choice he once made. While the outcome of this choice is not implied to be positive or negative,
the speaker notes that the choice in itself and the consequences that the choice have made a huge
difference in the way his life has unfolded so he could have at some point in his life taken two
roads instead of being confined to one. He looked as far as he could to see what was ahead on
one of the roads he could have taken, but he was limited to seeing only as far as where it turned
and disappeared in the bushes. In the second stanza, he says he took the other road because it
was grassy and was possibly better because it was less travelled, though not much more than the
other road. The third stanza says both roads were covered in leaves that had been walked on
infrequently, to the extent that the leaves covering them had not been made black from trampling
feet. He also says he continued on the road he chose, and because he knew that one thing leads
to another (“way leads to another”) he doubted he would ever return to this part of the road.
Finally, he says he will tell the story when he is much older (Somewhere ages and ages hence”)
that he had the choice of taking one road over another, and having taken the one he did made a
big difference in his life.
An excerpt from:http://efford.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/8/3/
13833564/poetryexplicationexample.doc

3. Clarification
Clarification is a method of explanation in which the points are organized from a general
abstract idea to specific and concrete examples. It entails the analysis of the concept by looking
at the examples and specifying some of its characteristics to arrive at one working definition
which can be used throughout the paper.
The following signal words will help in writing this kind of text.

Signal Words for Clarification

after all for instance namely that is
as an example in other words put another way to be specific
consider the following in particular specifically to clarify
for example in short stated differently to illustrate

Sample Clarification Text

 Justice is a broad concept which encompasses a wide set of ideas, most of which also
branch out into smaller notions. For instance, it can refer to the sentencing of a criminal based
on due process. When an individual gets what he deserves, even outside the hands of the law, it
is also called justice in some contexts. This may come in the form of vigilante justice, in which a
person dissatisfied with the system doles out punishment to wrong-doers. Poetic justice is also
another related concept which is used in literature to show how the good is always rewarded
while bad forces always meet a grim end. In the context of this paper, justice will be clearly
delineated into any instance in which the law is successfully and fairly applied to an individual,
resulting in either an arrest or a release. To illustrate, if a thief is caught and tried in court
through due process, and is found to be guilty and then sentenced accordingly, it can be said that
justice was served. However, if the same thief is caught in the act by a band of villagers and was
beaten right then and there, it will be considered justice in the context of the paper, as the
process has not undergone due process.

When writing a concept paper, we must always remember that we are defining a concept
or a principle. We are essentially informing our readers. Typical with any form of expository
discourse, our writing must follow a logical flow. That is, there should be an introduction, a
body, and a conclusion.

When we write concept papers, we must also remember that we write not only to comply
with an academic or professional requirement. We write so that we can accomplish something
that would benefit others and improve the society at large.

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name: Strand and Section:

 WORKSHEET 7

Activity 1
Write a formal definition of the following terms:

1. smartphone
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. blog
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. social networking
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 2

Read the sample concept paper on the subject of science and technology
below and answer the following questions:

Two issues that worry many scientists are global warming and the greenhouse effect. The
greenhouse effect is a natural process that keeps the earth at temperatures that are livable. What
does the greenhouse effect have to do with global warming? When humans release gases into the
air, the greenhouse effect will alter the temperature of the earth. More gases in the atmosphere
means the earth will start to get warmer, and the result is global warming. On the other hand, if
there was no greenhouse effect, the earth would be too cold for humans to comfortably exist.

In order to talk about global warming, we must first learn what causes the greenhouse
effect. The three most common greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane.
Many of the sun’s rays are absorbed by water vapor. Water vapor is a natural atmospheric gas
and it accounts for 80 percent of natural greenhouse warming; the remaining 20 percent is due to
other gasses that are present in very small amounts (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 488).

A greenhouse gas known as carbon dioxide is the second biggest absorber of the sun’s
heat rays. Humans affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in many ways. Every
time people burn fossil fuels, more carbon dioxide is released into the air. Car exhaust emissions
also increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the air, and more carbon dioxide means more heat
rays being absorbed. This will cause the earth’s temperature to warm.

Another greenhouse gas is methane. Methane absorbs infrared radiation 25 times more
effectively than carbon dioxide, making it an important greenhouse gas despite its relatively low
concentration (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490). Many studies have been performed on how
methane is released into the atmosphere. Results have shown that methane is generated by
biological activity related to rice cultivation, leaks in domestic and industrial gas lines, and the
digestive process of domestic livestock, especially cattle (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490).

The Environmental Media Services Organization has found that the greenhouse effect
could drive up temperatures to as much as 6 degrees by the year 2100 an increase in heat
comparable to the l0-degree warming that ended the last Ice Age (Fast Facts). If a l0-degree
warming was the factor that ended the last Ice Age, imagine what another warming could do.
Consider hydrology, for instance. Warm air holds more water vapor than cold air, so there is an
increase in evaporation in dry areas, and hence more drought -something that has been
documented on every continent. Once that water is in the atmosphere, it’s going to come down
somewhere and, indeed, we have seen the most dramatic flooding ever recorded in recent years.
In 2004, about one of every 20 persons or almost 300 million humans had to leave their homes
for a week, a month, a year, or forever because of rising waters (The Planet Speaks 124). Much
of the gained water would be from melting icecaps in the ocean and melting glaciers on land.
Coastal cities and islands could be wiped out.

Global warming would not affect only humans; it would also affect sea life. This would
happen because water temperatures would rise. Corals are intolerant of temperatures just a few
degrees warmer than usual (Fast Facts). There have been problems with corals dying out in the
past few years because of increased water temperatures. Other marine life would probably
migrate to warmer waters. The warm water would make them think they were in their natural
habitat. A downfall to this unknown migration would be that food would become scarce in their
new, unadapt habitat. An example is salmon; salmon are also sensitive to the temperature of the
water. During the summer when the water is warm, salmon have a high metabolic rate. During
the winter months, their metabolism slows down, which is good because less food is available at
this time. With global warming and increased water temperatures, salmon would have a high
metabolic rate longer each year. They would possibly eat all the available food and many salmon
would die as a result.

Global warming is already disturbing patterns of the circulation of seawater. Cold water
moves along the sea floor toward the equator and warm water around the equator moves toward
the poles across the surface of the ocean. This process is very important to the lives of ocean
species. This circulation process brings oxygenated water to the sea floor. If this process no
longer happened, water along the sea floor would become depleted of the oxygen organisms
need to survive (Fast Facts). The resulting factor would be more death among deep-sea
organisms.

There are many negative environmental effects of global warming. Another effect is the
fact that higher temperature will lead to a change in the water cycle. Warmer temperatures will
cause a greater amount of evaporation from lakes, rivers, streams and oceans. In some areas this
could be good, but in other areas it could be bad. In northern regions of the U.S., an increase in
the temperature and the amount of rain can extend the growing season of crops. While this can
help farmers, this can also hurt them. There is a possibility that crops could get too much rain or
die from droughts in certain areas that would actually get less rain. Warm temperatures and wet
weather would be the main results of global warming in certain areas, and warm temperatures
and wet weather are factors that promote tropical storms. Thus, tropical storms would appear
more often and with greater frequencies.

More rain as a result of global warming will also force plant life and its species to adjust
their location. Species migrate naturally, but scientists say that global warming would cause
them to migrate at a much faster rate. If the climate changes, some forest species in North
America will shift by as much as 300 miles to the north (Campaign to Stop Global Warming).
Plants will also be forced to migrate. If one region is getting more rain than another, plants that
need more rain that are on the border of these two regions will naturally begin migrating into the
region that is getting more rain.

A recent impact of global warming is that it is helping some diseases spread easier and to
more people. Mosquitoes are a major carrier of deadly tropical diseases. These diseases are
commonly known as malaria, cholera, and dengue fever. Malaria g outbreaks are usually
confined to where the minimum winter temperature reaches no lower than 16 degrees Celsius
(To Save Lives), according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature, an independent conservation
organization. Scientists are beginning to notice that malaria outbreaks are occurring outside the
normal areas and are attributing this to increased temperatures from global warming. States
inside the U.S. have even had more cases of malaria. Summers in the U.S. are getting more hot
and humid than usual, , and malaria mosquitoes thrive in hot and humid weather. Increased
temperatures and more rain cause hot and humid weather and if the earth continues to get
warmer, malaria will spread to even more new places. A study suggests that malaria
transmissions would increase from 45% of the globe to 60% of the globe if atmospheric levels of
greenhouse gases reach concentrations equivalent to a doubling of C02 since the Industrial
Revolution (Campaign to Stop Global Warming). Cholera and dengue fever also pose threats to
new populations because they too are carried by mosquitoes that thrive in hot and humid
weather. As with malaria, more cholera and dengue fever outbreaks are occurring because of
migrating mosquitoes. These are the most dangerous effects of global warming right now
because unlike all the other effects discussed, these diseases can kill humans within a two-week
time and they can spread like wildfire.

Global warming has become a major environmental problem in the last five years and it
isn’t getting any better. The small increases in temperature seem harmless, but they can do an
enormous of damage to the earth’s ecosystem. In order to stop global warming, much has to be
done. The first thing to do to control the Earth’s temperature is to lower the burning and/or the
emissions of fossil fuels because that is the single most responsible cause of global warming.

The downfall is that after the global warming process has started, it is very hard to
reverse it. Global warming temperatures grow exponentially and we will have to create an
answer for global warming sooner than people think. I don’t know how to start the process of
burning less fossil fuels. All I know is global warming has to be stopped if we want to keep
living the way we do now. If it is not stopped, the problems discussed in this paper will only get
bigger and bigger and the ending result will ultimately be death.

Essay taken from:

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/sciences/global-warming-and -greenhouse-effect.php

1. Identify the definition tactics used by the writer.

2 Explain why you think the writer used those tactics or a combination of those tactics.

3. Did the author use definition tactics effectively? Why or why not?

4. How do you think the concept paper can be used to improve our society?