LISTENING cam 15:

READING

Passage 1, Questions 1-13

1.C
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learning process is more successful when students are in control. Within the student-
centredparadigm, the “delegator” style is popular. The delegator teacher maintains general
authority, but they delegate much of the responsibility for learning to the class as a way for
students to become independent thinkers who take pride in their own work. Students are often
encouraged to

B
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for his or her class to learn, but emphasises a more individualised approach to form. The
demonstrator acts as both a role model and a guide, demonstrating skills and processes and
then helping students develop and apply these independently. Instructors who are drawn to
the
A
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the teachers task was to prepare and present material for students to understand. Within
thisapproach, the relationship students have with their teachers is not considered important,
nor is the relationship students have with each other in the classroom. A student’s participation
in class

D
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Another style that emphasises student-centred education is the “facilitator” mode of learning.
Here, while a set of specific curriculum demands is already in place, students are encouraged to
take the initiative for creating ways to meet these learning requirements together. The teacher

A
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the relationship students have with each other in the classroom. A student’s participation in
class is likely to be minimal, aside from asking questions directed at the teacher, or responding
to questions that the teacher has directed at the student. This style encourages students to
develop
D
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take the initiative for creating ways to meet these learning requirements together. The teacher
typically designs activities that encourage active learning, group collaboration, and problem
solving, and students are encouraged to process and apply the course content in creative and

B
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good base model, but they are sensitive to differing learning styles and expect to provide
students with help on an individual basis.

C
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become independent thinkers who take pride in their own work. Students are often
encouraged to work on their own or in groups, and if the delegator style is implemented
successfully, they will

FALSE
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his bag to the desk, and pull out the chair for the professor to sit down on. This style has
become outmoded over time. Now at university, students and professors typically have more
relaxed, collegiate relationships, address each other on a first name basis, and acknowledge
that students

NOT GIVEN
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demonstrator style. At the highest levels of education, however, the demonstrator approach
must be abandoned in all fields as students are required to produce innovative work that makes
unique contributions to knowledge. Thesis and doctoral students lead their own research in
facilitation

TRUE
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The delegator style is valuable when the course is likely to lead students to careers that require
group projects. Often, someone who has a high level of expertise in a particular field does not
make for the best employee because they have not learnt to apply their abilities in a co-
ordinated
manner. The delegator style confronts this problem by recognising that interpersonal
communication is not just a means to learning but an important skill set in itself. The facilitator
FALSE
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medical practitioner. It may, however, suit more experimental and theoretical fields ranging
from English, music, and the social sciences to science and medical research that takes place in
research labs. In these areas, “mistakes” in form are important and valuable aspects of the
A

Reading Passage 2, Question 14 – 21

E
sources arc, in fact, engineered to culinary perfection in a set of factories and plants off the
New Jersey Turnpike outside of New York. Here, firms such as International Flavors &
Fragrances, Harmen & Reimer, Flavor Dynamics, Frutarom and Elan Chemical isolate and
manufacture the

B
societies. As extensive recognition of the matter grew amongst the common people,
McDonalds stopped cooking their French fries in a mixture of cottonseed oil and beef tallow,
and in 1990, the restaurant chain began using 100% vegetable oil….

G
Natural flavour on its own is not a health risk. It does play a role, however, in helping these
processed foods to taste fresh and nutritious, even when they are not. So, while the natural
flavour industry should not be considered the culprit, we might think of it as a willing
accomplice…

C
C This substantially lowered the amount of cholesterol in McDonalds’ fries, but it created a new
dilemma. The beef tallow and cottonseed oil mixture gave the French fries high cholesterol
content, but it also gifted them with a rich aroma and “mouth-feel” that even James Beard, an
American food critic, admitted he enjoyed. Pure vegetable oil is bland in comparison….

A
A Read through the nutritional information on the food in your freezer, refrigerator or kitchen
pantry, and you are likely to find a simple, innocuous-looking ingredient recurring on a number
of…

D
been boxed, bagged, canned or packaged, and have a list of ingredients on the label.
Sometimes, the processing involves adding a little sodium or sugar, and a few preservatives.
Often, however, it is coloured, bleached, stabilised, emulsified, dehydrated, odour-concealed,
and sweetened This

F
dense, intricate chemistry: spectrometers, gas chromatographs, and headspace-vapour
analysers can break down components of a flavour in amounts as minute as one part per
billion. Not to be outdone, however, the human nose can isolate aromas down to three parts
per trillion. Flavourists,

B
as cheese, egg yolks, beef, poultry, shrimp, and pork. Nutritionists blamed cholesterol for con-
tributing to the growing rates of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and several cancers in
Western

TRUE
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food critic, admitted he enjoyed Pure vegetable oil is bland in comparison. Looking at the
current

NOT GIVEN
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dilemma The beef tallow and cottonseed oil mixture gave the French fries high cholesterol
content,…

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predicament Aside from a few preservatives, there are essentially three main ingredients:
potato, soybean oil, and the mysterious component of “natural flavour”. The text mentions of
soybean oil but doesn’t state clearly about whether it is low or high in cholesterol.

TRUE
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over 90% (and growing) of the American diet, as well as representing a burgeoning industry in
developing countries such as China and India. Processed foods are essentially any foods that
have….
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processing involves adding a little sodium or sugar, and a few preservatives. Often, however, it
is coloured, bleached, stabilised, emulsified, dehydrated, odour-concealed, and sweetened This
process typically saps any original flavour out of the product, and so, of course, flavour must
be…
Paragraph G – Line 4, 5
Natural flavour on its own is not a health risk. It does play a role, however, in helping these
processed foods to taste fresh and nutritious, even when they are not. So, while the natural
flavour

Reading Passage 3, Question 27 – 40

Taxes
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Austerity measures are actions that a state undertakes in order to pay back its creditors. These
measures typically involve slashing government expenditure and hiking taxes, and most of the

interest rates
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unsustainable. In this situation, banks may lose trust in the government’s ability or willingness
to repay existing debts, and in return can refuse to roll over current loans and demand
cripplingly excessive interest rates on new lending. Governments frequently then turn to the
International

budget deficit
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In return, the IMF typically demands austerity measures so that the indebted country is able to
curtail its budget deficit and fulfil their loan obligations.

Asian currencies/ economies

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turn sour, however, the foreign investors panicked and retracted their investments en masse.
decimating Asian currencies and turning millions of employees out of work. The IMF’s role in
the

Labour standards
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decimating Asian currencies and turning millions of employees out of work. The IMF’s role in
the recovery was to impose austerity measures that kept interest rates high while driving down
wages and labour standards at a time when workers were already suffering. According to one
former IMF

32 – 35 B C D F (in any order)

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of GDP in 2014 primarily by freezing public sector incomes during that period and reducing
public sector allowances by 8 per cent. Additionally, VAT – the Greek sales tax – will be elevated
to 23 nper cent, and excises on fuel, tobacco, and alcohol are also subject to an increase. The
statutory

c
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Governments, he attempted to demonstrate, could conceivably spend their national economy
out of debt. Although logically implausible at first blush, this argument is based on the notion
that

E
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In the United Kingdom. Prime Minister David Cameron defended the necessity of austerity
measures for his country by denouncing the frivolity of governments that ratchet up spending
at a time the economy is contracting. This is in line with the counter-Keynesian viewpoint,
known

D
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think-tank economist. Marshall Auerback, questions this line of thinking, wondering if Cameron
suggests governments should only “ratchet up spending when the economy is growing”. This
Auerback warns, should be avoided because it presents genuine inflationary dangers.

A
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households across the world are currently burdened with debt. For businesses to grow, he
argues, government and consumer expenditure must kick in first. Austerity measures lower the
spending

B
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Nobel Prize, Paul Krugman, points to the recent experiences of countries such as Ireland, Latvia
and Estonia. Countries that implement austerity are the “good soldiers” of the crisis, he notes,…

SPEAKING:

Part 1 - Introduction & Interview

[This part of the test begins with the examiner introducing himself or herself and checking the
candidate’s identification. It then continues as an interview. In the interview, the examiner asks the
candidate about his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.]
Topic: "Money".

Q. When you go shopping, do you prefer to pay for things in cash or by card? [Why?]

Answer: I prefer to pay for things either by a debit card or credit card when shopping primarily because
it is more convenient to carry cards than carrying loads of cash in the wallet or pockets. Besides, I am
not always sure if I am carrying enough, in case of using hard cash to pay, with me when going for
shopping. But, when I carry a card, I can feel secure that I would have enough money to pay for my
shopping.

Q. Do you ever save money to buy special things? [Why/Why not?]

Answer: Yes, I do have to save up money to buy some special things when they are expensive because I
am not exactly one of those people with “huge income”, which would allow me to buy special and
expensive things randomly. Besides, I am not really very good at money management, and therefore, I
don’t always have money readily available when going to buy any special things.

Q. Would you ever take a job which had low pay? [Why/Why not?]

Answer: Depending on what is considered to be “low pay”, I think I wouldn’t mind going for a job with
“low pay” if I feel that I have better job security and room for improvements there. Besides, I wouldn’t
mind also if it is flexible with my holidays and vacation time.

Q. Would winning a lot of money make a big difference to your life? [Why/Why]

Answer: Yes, winning a lot of money would certainly make a big difference to my life because it would
allow me to buy some tangible assets like a big house and a nice car. Besides, it would also significantly
improve the quality of my life while allowing me to travel some beautiful lands which I have always
wanted to visit.

Part 2 - Cue Card/ Candidate Task Card

[The topic for your talk will be written on a card which the examiner will hand over to you. Read it
carefully and then make some brief notes.]

Describe an interesting discussion you had as part of your work or studies.

You should say:

what the subject of the discussion was

who you discussed the subject with

what opinions were expressed

and explain why you found the discussion interesting.

[You will have to talk about the topic for one to two minutes. You have one minute to think about what
you are going to say. You can make some notes to help you if you wish.]

[Examiner: All right? Remember you have one to two minutes for this, so don't worry if I stop you. I'll
tell you when the time is up. Can you start speaking now, please?]

Model Answer:

My English communication teacher at junior college was a very dynamic person, and he always liked to
engage us in discussing different kinds of topics during his class period. Today, I would like to talk about
one such discussion, in which I took part as a part of completing my class assignments, and the subject
of the discussion was whether or not more technology should be used in the elementary classes in order
to teach students.

I discussed the subject not only with my other fellow students in my class but also with other students
from other classes. We even interviewed a few guardians outside of my college who happened to be
really interested in the subject as well. Interestingly, most of the participants in the discussion
maintained that using any more technology, than what is already being used, would prove out to be
counter-productive for students in the class as it would limit the students’ abilities to learn from their
“environments”. They also said that depending overly on technology in the classrooms would discourage
students from taking part in the regular “social interactions” which are very important to ensure better
cognitive development. On the other hand, a few participants also opined that using more and more
technology in the classrooms was the only way forward in order to prepare the students for the
challenges of the real world.

Anyway, I found the subject to be really interesting primarily because it allowed me to revisit the issue in
a more practical manner. After all, in this day and age, we just can’t ignore the role of technologies in
our lives whether at schools or workplaces. I found the discussion to be interesting also because it
allowed me the opportunity to learn and talk about some other “upcoming” technologies which, if
implemented properly, would change our life completely inside the home as well as outside. But that’s
another story for another day.

Part 3 - Detailed discussion:

Discussion topic: "Discussing problems with others"

Q. Why is it good to discuss problems with other people?

Answer: It is good to discuss problems with other people mainly because it allows us to release our built-
up tensions and express our feelings which, in turn, suddenly make problems seem “easier”. Besides,
discussing problems with other people opens the door for many different ideas, views and solutions to
the problems instead of just one or only a few solutions. Finally, it also allows us to be knowledgeable
about other possible problems and their solutions which may come handy in future.

Q. Do you think that it's better to talk to friends and not family about problems?
Answer: No, I think that it is better to talk to friends and also families about our problems primarily
because the more people we talk to, the greater is the chances to get ideas and solution suggestions.
However, if I may add here, the family seems to be the people with whom we spend most of our times
more often than not, and therefore, they would be more emotionally attached to us. And because of
this additional emotional attachment, the family would probably have more sympathy for us and our
situation than friends. But, again, while I have nothing against talking about problems with our friends,
we should also talk about them with our families as well.

Q. Is it always a good idea to tell lots of people about a problem?

Answer: In my humble opinion, it is not always a good idea to tell a lot of people about a problem
primarily because it would “belittle” us in the eyes of those people. Besides, not everybody is equipped
with enough wisdom, experience and intellectual capacity to understand the nature of our problems
and then prescribe the appropriate solutions. Finally, it takes a lot of time and energy to discuss our
problems with a lot of people which actually, instead, could have been used to find solutions on our
own.

Discussion topic: "Communication skills at work"

Q. Which communication skills are most important when taking part in meetings with colleagues?

Answer: When taking part in meeting with colleagues, one of the most important communication skills
should be to explain everything in precise terms without becoming impatient and agitated. Besides, one
should also be able to listen to others’ points of views and ideas. Then, one should also make enough
effort to make the colleagues know that what, being communicated, is relevant to them. Finally, one
should also offer constructive criticism in order to build and earn trust.

Q. What are the possible effects of poor written communication skills at work?

Answer: Possible effects of poor communication skills, be it written or verbal, at work can lead to lack of
team cohesion, unclear and confusing messaging, wasted time and resources, damaged relationships,
low employee morale, higher turnover rates, lost revenue and even physical and psychological injuries.
And once these effects are accumulated over the times, they can bring down an entire company or
organization. A simple message that leaves scopes for ambiguity can be devastating when shared with
the team or the superiors in an office environment. It can also create distrusts and confusions.

Q. What do you think will be the future impact of technology on communication in the workplace?

Answer: In the future, we will see a number of impacts of technology on communication which may
include near-constant access to upper management staffs. It is also possible every staff in a company
will get to see in real-time when one particular employee does some important research works for the
benefit of the company. Finally, at the future workplaces, there probably be no need for formal email or
paper-based communication as there might be a “common company messenger service” on which
anybody can leave messages for anybody without allowing others to be able to see it.
Working in a multinational company where people from different countries and cultures work together
will become more manageable as technology will make communication easier by offering accurate
translation service. Finally, employees will be able to convert any kind of information to useful data with
the help of technology.