SCHOOL FACILITIES AS CORRELATE OF STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT

IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

A Research

Presented to the Humanities and Social Sciences of

Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School
Stand-Alone Senior High School

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

in Practical Research 2

Jomel Atilano
Jannah Eudilla
Thea Glodove
Al Rashid Maming
Mohamad Mariam
Kraig Harvey Rojas

OCTOBER 2022
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
School facility may be defined as comprises, land, buildings, and furnitures. Specially, school

facilities improve the quality of the study environment in the school, thus improving the quality of

education. For example, if the classroom layout considers the room's acoustic, then the students will

be able to focus and concentrate more on their studies with teachers facing fewer distraction.

The purpose of providing a decent facility at school to enhance the learning activity, and it is a

booster to increase student achievement. School facilities includes, library, laboratory, clinic, music

room, sports field, IT room, staff room, gymnasium. According to Ainon Ramli (2018), Higher

education plays a vital role in the school overall development which encompasses aspects. School

Facilities means only facilities necessary for instructional and related supporting purposes including,

but not limited to, classrooms, libraries, media centers, laboratories, cafeterias, physical education

spaces, related interior and exterior facilities, and the conduit, wiring, and powering of hardware.The

study will be conducted in Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School located at Governor Ramos

Avenue, Zamboanga city. Wherein the researchers will choose Grade twelve Humanities and Social

Sciences students to be respondents of this study. Thereupon, researchers will be able to determine

the association of school facilities to student academic performance.

Review of Related Literature

Camia A. Lasig & Collantes M. (2022), this study primarily determined the utilization of various

facilities and services to students’ education and their academic performance. A Statistical analysis,

frequency counts, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and multiple linear regression. The major

part of the teachers on students’ education were establish to have an ethicalness appraisal point

average from the preciding academic year. Researchers have found that highest educational
attainment conveyed a strong positive correlation to the academic performance. On the contrary, the

researchers

found negative correlations to facilities that affect students’ academic performance. The perceived

usefulness of using the facilities into the academic works by teachers on students’ education.

Facilities satisfaction was found to have a moderate positive and negative correlation to students’

academic achievement.

In this study, (Figueroa, et. al, 2016) investigated spatial variations in the effects of school

amenities on academic achievements. Semiparametric geographically weighted regression (SGWR)

techniques were applied to public school facility data to determine whether the effects of school

facilities varied depending on school locations. The analysis results presented significant spatial

variations and differing effects of school sizes and utilities on the academic achievements of top

performing schools across the study area. SGWR modelling revealed that schools in sparsely

populated rural areas with basic facilities have performed better than schools in urban areas with poor

facilities, indicating that basic facilities are important in far-flung schools. Since the effect on academic

achievement varies depending on the social and economic infrastructure, the provision of school

facilities should be based on the unique needs of each community. A decentralized approach is

beneficial for the management of school facilities where education resources are limited.

According to Marigee P. Bacolod & Justin L. Tobias, (2006), A comprehensive literature seeks

to assess the importance of school facilities, proxies for school quality, and students' academic

performance. Extension using the education production function. Relationship between intake

achievement and follow-up achievement and evaluate school performance based on this estimated

relationship.
 According to Jeffery A. Lackney & Lawrence O. Picus (2007), having an effective school

facilities is accountable for the changing programs of educational delivery, and at a minimum should

provide a physical environment that is comfortable, safe, secure, accessible, well, illuminated, well

ventilated, and aesthetically pleasing.

According to Hilario Rodriguez Jr. (2021), that school facilities are the importance and primary

essentials to senior high school students. In all variables correlated to the academic performance:

Lab, Library, Equipment, and school facility correlation that reveals a higher values on the academic

achievement. There is a significant relationship between the status of school facilities and academic

performance: Volunteering, School awareness, home learning, and correlation to students’ academic

performance.

Glen I. Earthman, (2002) studied the condition of school facilities has an important impact on

student performance and teacher effectiveness. In particular, research demonstrates that comfortable

classroom temperature and noise level are very important to efficient student performance. The age

of school buildings is a useful proxy in this regard, since older facilities often have problems with

thermal environment and noise level. A number of studies have measured overall building condition

and its connection to student performance; these have consistently shown that students attending

schools in better condition outperform students in substandard buildings by several percentage

points. School building conditions also influence teacher effectiveness. Teachers report that physical

improvements greatly enhance the teaching environment. Eventually, school overcrowding also

makes it harder for students to learn; this effect is greater for students from families of low

socioeconomic status. Analysis shows that class size reduction leads to higher student achievement.

Ortiz Flora Ida, (2002) conducted the research showing that safe, healthy, and uncrowded

school facilities are a basic ingredient of a good educational program. When teachers work in well-
designed and highly functional school buildings, they are able to be more effective than when they

must teach in inadequate facilities. Ortiz sets these findings against the evidence that a high

proportion of educational facilities are inadequate because they are crowded, old, and in need of

repair and modernization. She finds that pressures from increased enrollment in the state due to

demographic changes and class size reduction, an average age of the state’s school buildings of over

25 years, and

the high cost of facilities have all contributed to the current inadequacies. Nevertheless, the State’s

responses to the many problems with educational facilities have been severely limited by flaws in

policies establishing the state’s relationships with local districts with regard to funding, inventory, and

oversight of educational facilities. The State has failed to establish a system of state financing to

ensure that funds are available to and used by districts with schools in the poorest conditions. It has

failed to promulgate minimum standards for school facility conditions and maintenance, develop

systematic ways of monitoring conditions in schools throughout the state, or maintain effective

investigation and correction processes when serious deficiencies are reported.

KT Takwate, (2018) had conducted a study "allocation on academic achievement, availability,

and maintenance of school facilities". The statistically of academic performance among Senior High

School students. Correlational research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 153 school

principals and 377 teachers were randomly drawn from 248 senior schools and 6,450 teachers

respectively using proportionate sampling technique. Two questionnaires titled “School Facilities

Planning and Allocation Questionnaire (SFAQ) and Management of School Facilities Questionnaire

(MSFQ)”, students’ academic performance proforma and checklist were used for data collection. The

reliability coefficient of SFAQ and MSFQ after validation was 0.82 and 0.76 respectively using

Cronbach alpha. Mean scores, standard deviations and Pearson Product Moment Correlation

Coefficient was used for answering the research questions and hypotheses. Allocative and
maintenance efficiency of school facilities was found to be inefficient and efficient respectively, the

Level of availability of school facilities.

Ainon Ramli, (2019) had conducted "a study on school facilities". School academy is unable to

provide enough facilities to students, which may affect their academic performance. This study

described three factors that can impact student's academic achievement, which is System

Management (E-Learning, Management Information System); Learning Environment (Classrooms,

Teaching Aid,

Library) and Infrastructure (Hostels, Sports Facilities, Parking & Transportation). Owning to the fact

that its conditions of using retail outlet as building the campus. Data were distributed to 500 students’

of 2016/17 academic calendar. A total of 364 returned and usable questionnaires were received,

given a response rate of about 73%. The study cast correlation and regression analysis to analyse the

data.

The results of the study show that E-learning of System Management; Teaching Aids and

Library of Learning Environment; Hostels, Sports Facilities and Parking and Transportation of

Infrastructure were all significant to impact students' academic achievement. All the factors

contributed about 51.5% towards the students' achievement. As this is the first attempt of looking at

the issue in the school academy, it provides valuable findings of the factors which should be given

attentions by schools and other academic institutions to improve students' academic achievement.

Koski & Weiss, (2002) examined educational content standards and related high-stakes

accountability measures. Standards and other related state policies, looking specifically at the

minimum level of resources and conditions required for students to meet the state’s standards. Their

analysis makes clear that standards-based reform strategy and accountability scheme require the

provision of basic educational tools, including teachers with particular knowledge and skills and
appropriate instructional materials and facilities. Nevertheless, the state’s policies do not address

these requirements explicitly. No standards or accountability mechanisms currently exist to ensure

that all senior high students have the educational conditions and resources necessary to achieve at

the high levels prescribed by the state. Koski and Weiss conclude that the state must analyze its

curriculum frameworks and content standards systematically to create parallel standards that

delineate the minimum educational resources and conditions required at each grade level for all

students to have an adequate opportunity to learn the state’s standards in their academic

performance.

Statement of the Problem

1. What are the school facilities available in the school?
2. What is the students’ achievement in the academic performance?
3. Is there a significant association of school facilities and students’ achievement?

Hypothesis
There is no significant difference on the school facilities as correlate to the students’ academic
performance.

Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of the study, which is depicted below serves as the study's direction.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Students achievement in
School facilities the academic
performance

Moderating Variable

1.1 GENDER
1.2 GENDER
Figure 1. The conceptual framework of the study
The relationships independent and dependent variables are depicted in the above figure. The school
facilities are the independent variables while the students’ achievement in the academic performance
is the dependent variables. The demographic profile, including age, gender, and enthicity is the
moderating variable.

Significance of the Study

This study will focus on the school facilities as corelate of students’ achievement in the academic
performance. The findings of this study will be beneficial to the following.

7
Students
To know how school facilities affects students’ achievement in the academic performance.
Parents
To become aware and to support their children to achieve their academic performance.
Teachers
To give teachers a safe space to teach as well as one that is beneficial for their physical and
emotional health

Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the school facilities as correlate to students’ academic performance.
The participants of this study are students of Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School Stand-Alone
Senior High School who are officially enrolled in the first semester of school year 2022-2023
This study will be conducted at Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School Stand-Alone Senior High
School at Gov Ramos Ave Zamboanga city.
The data will be gathered using the validated questionnaire.

Operational Definition of Terms

According to how each term was use in study, the following terms are operationally defined.
Educational Achievement
This term refers to the students’ academic achievements the extent to which a learner has attained
their short or long-term educational goals.
Socioeconomic Status
This term refers to the monthly income of the respondents of the occupational attainment of the
respondent.
Civil Status
This term refers to the status of the respondents.
Gender
This term refers to the gender of the respondents.
Age
This term refers to the age of the respondents.
8

CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The research design will be correlation research design, researchers will investigate the
relationships between two variables or more without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of
them. It's a non-experimental type of quantitative research.
Locale of the Study
This study will be conducted at Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School Stand-Alone Senior
High School.

Population and Sampling Design

The researchers will employ a non-probability sampling design, more precisely, purposive
sampling. The Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School Stand-Alone Senior High School students
will be the participants of this study.

Grade level and Section Population Sample size

12-HUMSS A 49
12-HUMSS B 48

12-HUMSS C 48
12-HUMSS D 48
TOTAL: 193 TOTAL: 66
Data Gathering Tool
The survey questionnaire will be adopted, with some modifications to gather data and
information from the respondents of Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School Stand-Alone Senior
High School. The respondents will be asked to check and answer completely honestly the
questionnaire checklist.

Reliability and Validity

The questionnaire is adapted from the school facilities as correlate of students’ achievement in
the academic performance but there is some modification from the researchers to gather data the
necessary to answer the problems written at chapter 1 since questionnaire was adopted hence,
validity, and reliability is assured.

Ethical Considerations
The researchers first will write a letter to the principal for the approval in conducting the study.
The participants were also given a consent form before data gathering to inform the participants on
what's the purpose of the study also to make sure that the identity of the participants in the study is
confidential. The respondent has the right to cancel their participation if they feel worried about their
identity. The researchers will make sure that the participation of the respondents is purely voluntary.

Statistical Tool
The following are the statistical tools to be utilized to analyze the gathered data.
1. Weighted mean will be utilized to answer a specific problem number 1
2. To determine the students’ academic performance frequency and percentage will be utilized.
3. To test the significant association between school facilities and academic performance will be
utilized.