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Int'l Conf. IP, Comp.

Vision, and Pattern Recognition | IPCV'17 | 111

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detection using camera and radar sensors. For the proposed
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scheme, the radar sensor provides the target track
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(region of interest) where the target may exist. Next, for
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feature-level fusion, the Doppler spectrum of the ROI is
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image database and a Doppler pattern database. In the
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experimental results, we verify the proposed processing
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scheme using a 24 GHz FMCW transceiver with a single
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ISBN: 1-60132-464-2, CSREA Press ©


112 Int'l Conf. IP, Comp. Vision, and Pattern Recognition | IPCV'17 |

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ISBN: 1-60132-464-2, CSREA Press ©


Int'l Conf. IP, Comp. Vision, and Pattern Recognition | IPCV'17 | 113

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ISBN: 1-60132-464-2, CSREA Press ©


114 Int'l Conf. IP, Comp. Vision, and Pattern Recognition | IPCV'17 |

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ISBN: 1-60132-464-2, CSREA Press ©

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