NCM 101 FINALS dicephalon, midbrain, pons and

Girly Hermoso, RN medulla oblongata

BSN 1 a. Cerebrum
― It has a section divided into two
Musculo-skeletal System hemisphere: right and left
hemisphere
― Cerebrum is further divided into
four lobes: frontal, parietal,
Assessing Neurologic System
temporal and the occipital.
An intact appropriately functioning nervous
system is critical for all human endeavors. It exerts FOUR LOBES:
unconscious control over basic body functions such as Frontal Lobe – reasoning and
respiration, temperature, regulation, movement, and thought
coordination. The nervous system also enables very Parietal Lobe – integrates sensory
complex interactions with people and the environment. information
Assessment neurological functioning serves multiple Temporal Lobe – processes
purposes. Detection of change in neurological status auditory information from the ears
particularly acute and life-threatening alterations is Occipital Lobe – processing visual
essential. An organized approach maximizes the value information from the eyes
of information derived from collective data. This b. Cerebellum
approach consists of general patient observation, data ― This the section located in the back
gathering from the healthy history often performed of the head below the cerebrum
simultaneously. A mental health status examination and and above the cervical of the neck.
a systematic neurological assessment. ― It is responsible for muscle
coordination, balance posture and
The great and mighty nervous system or the
muscle tone.
brain is the most us call it what makes this organ unique
c. Diencephalon
is that within it lies the ability for humans to know
― It is found in the cerebrum in the
oneself. This feature distinguishes and sets the human
midbrain.
species apart from the rest of creation. This ability is
― It contain two structure: thalamus
known as consciousness or intelligence.
and hypothalamus
PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM:
Thalamus directs sensory impulses to
Purpose: the cerebrum

― Coordinates all activities of the body Hypothalamus controls and regulates

― Enables the body to respond and adapt to
changes both inside and out.
NERVUS SYSTEM SPLIT INTO TWO PARTS:
1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
― Made up of two major structures: brain
and spinal cord
1. Brain
― It is found within the cranium or
skull
― It has six main sections among
other structures within it. These
are: cerebrum, cerebellum,
temperature, appetite, water, balance,
sleep and blood vessel constriction and
dilation. It also plays a role in the
emotion such as anger, fear, pleasure,
pain and affection.
d. Midbrain
― Located below the cerebrum at top
of the brain stem
― It is responsible for certain eye and
auditory reflexes
e. Pons
― Located below the midbrain and in
the brain stem
 ― It is responsible for certain reflex as afferent sensory neurons and
action such as chewing, tasting and the efferent motor neurons
saliva production
f. Medulla Oblangata Afferent means conducting
― Located at the bottom of the inward
brainstem Efferent means conducting
― Connects to the spinal cord outward
― Responsible for regulating heart and
The afferent neurons take information from the nerves
blood vessel function, digestion,
to the CNS.
respiration, swallowing, coughing,
sneezing and blood pressure. The efferent neurons take information from the CNS to
― It is also known as “The Center for the muscle fibers throughout the body
Repiration”

2. Spinal cord 2. Autonomic Nervous System

― The link between the brain and the Divided into two:
nerves in the in the rest of the body
― Divided into four regions: cervical, A. Sympathetic Nervous System
thoracic, lumbar and spinal nerves.  Vital for our survival
 “Flight or Fight” revs up the
Afferent spinal nerves – carries body to either defend
information from the body to the yourself or escape the
brain threat
Efferent spinal nerves – carries B. Parasympathetic Nervous
information from the brain to the System
body  The counter balance to the
sympathetic response to
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) danger whether real or
― A system that regulates the functions of imagine
the central nervous system which lie  Once the danger is gone,
outside its major components. parasympathetic brings all
― Brain of the spinal cord the system of the body
― Subdivided into 2 system: back to normal.

1. Somatic Nervous System

― It is responsible for carrying ASSESSING NEUROLOGIC ASSESSMENT (refer to the
motor and sensory information coursepack, p. 164)
― It is made up of nerves that
connect to skin, sensory organs,
and skeletal muscles.
― It is responsible for nearly all
voluntary muscle movements
― Processes sensory information
from external stimuli. (hearing,
touch, and sight)
― The structures that allows this
communication to happen
between the nerves throughout
the body in the CNS are known