Cell

Biology Review

c A. Thylakoid membranes are found in photosynthetic

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bacterium. The structure of chloroplast is not present in prokaryotic
̵
cells.
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CHAPTER 4 Cell Structure and Function

7. Which of the following organelles contains its (their) own DNA, 4.7 The Energy-Related Organelles
suggesting they were once independent prokaryotes? 16. Mitochondria
a. Golgi apparatus a. are involved in cellular respiration.
b. mitochondria b. break down ATP to release energy for cells.
c. chloroplasts c. are present in animal cells but not plant cells.
d. ribosomes d. All of these are correct.
e. Both b and c are correct. 17. Which organelle releases oxygen?
4.4 The Nucleus and Ribosomes a. ribosome c. chloroplast
8. Which of these is not found in the nucleus? b. Golgi apparatus d. smooth ER
a. functioning ribosomes 1
18. Which of the following would not be found in a chloroplast?
b. chromatin that condenses to chromosomes a. grana c. cristae
c. nucleolus that produces rRNA b. thylakoids d. stroma
d. nucleoplasm instead of cytoplasm
 7. Which of the following organelles contains its (their) own DNA, 4.7 The Energy-Related Organelles
7. suggesting
Which of thethey
following organelles
were once contains
independent its (their) own DNA,
prokaryotes? 4.7
16. The Energy-Related Organelles
Mitochondria
suggesting
a. they were once independent prokaryotes?
Golgi apparatus 16. Mitochondria
a. are involved in cellular respiration.
a. mitochondria
b. Golgi apparatus a.
b. are
breakinvolved in cellular
down ATP respiration.
to release energy for cells.
b. chloroplasts
c. mitochondria b. break down ATP to release energy for cells.
c. are present in animal cells but not plant cells.
c. ribosomes
d. chloroplasts c.
d. are present
All of in animal
these are cells but not plant cells.
correct.
d. Both
e. ribosomes
b and c are correct.
e. Both b and c are correct. 17. d. All of
Which these are
organelle correct.oxygen?
releases
4.4 The Nucleus and Ribosomes 17. Which organelle releases oxygen?c. chloroplast
a. ribosome
4.4 The Nucleus and Ribosomes
a 8. Which of these is not found in the nucleus?
a.
b. ribosome
Golgi apparatus c.
d. chloroplast
smooth ER
8. a.
Which of theseribosomes
functioning is not found in the nucleus? 18. Which of the following would not be found inER
b. Golgi apparatus d. smooth a chloroplast?
a. chromatin
b. functioningthat
ribosomes
condenses to chromosomes 18. Which of the following would not c.
a. grana be cristae
found in a chloroplast?
b. nucleolus
c. chromatin that
that produces
condenses to chromosomes
rRNA a.
b. grana
thylakoids c.
d. cristae
stroma
c. nucleoplasm
d. nucleolus thatinstead
produces rRNA
of cytoplasm b. thylakoids d. stroma
d. all
e. nucleoplasm
forms of RNAinstead of cytoplasm 4.8 The Cytoskeleton
e. all forms of RNA
4.8
19. The Cytoskeleton
Which of these is not true?
c 9. The _____ is(are) responsible for protein synthesis in a cell.
19. Which
a. Actin of filaments
these is notaretrue?
located under the plasma membrane.
9. a.
Thechromatin
_____ is(are) responsible for protein synthesis in a cell.
a.
b. Actin filamentsare
Microtubules areorganized
located under the plasma membrane.
by centrosomes.
a. chromosomes
b. chromatin
b.
c. Microtubules are organized
Intermediate filaments by centrosomes.
are associated with the nuclear
b. ribosomes
c. chromosomes
c. Intermediate
envelope. filaments are associated with the nuclear
c. nucleoplasm
d. ribosomes
d. nucleoplasm d. envelope.
Motor molecules move materials along intermediate
a 10. Which of the following terms indicates the basic unit of d. Motor molecules move materials along intermediate
filaments.
10. hereditary
Which of the following terms indicates the basic unit of
information? filaments.
hereditary 20. Cilia and flagella
a. gene information?
20. Cilia
a. haveandaflagella
9 + 0 pattern of microtubules, the same as basal
a. chromosome
b. gene
a. have
bodies.a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules, the same as basal
b. chromosome
c. chromatin
c. nucleoplasm
chromatin b. bodies.
contain myosin that pulls on actin filaments.
d.
b.
c. contain myosinbythat
are organized pulls
basal on actin
bodies filaments.
derived from centrioles.
d. nucleoplasm
4.5 The Endomembrane System c.
d. are organized
constructed bysimilarly
basal bodies derived from
in prokaryotes andcentrioles.
eukaryotes.
c4.5 The Endomembrane System
11. Vesicles from the rough ER most likely are on their way to d.
e. are
Bothconstructed
a and c aresimilarly
correct. in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
11. a.
Vesicles from the rough ER most likely are on their way to
the peroxisomes. e. Both a and c are correct.
a. the peroxisomes.
b. lysosomes.
ENGAGE
b. the Golgi
c. lysosomes.
c. the plant
d.
apparatus.
Golgi cell
apparatus.
vacuole only.
ENGAGE
d. the location
e. plant cellsuitable
vacuoletoonly.
their size.
e. the location suitable to their size.
C 12. Lysosomes function in
12. a.
Lysosomes function in
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of the following is reponsible for the synthesis of proteins
13. that
Which areofbeing
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reponsible
the cell?for the synthesis of proteins THINKING SCIENTIFICALLY
1. The protists that cause malaria contribute to infections
thatsmooth
a. are being
ER exported from the cell? 1. The protistswith
associated thatAIDS.
causeScientists
malaria contribute to infections
have discovered that an
a. rough
b. smooth ERER associated with
antibiotic that AIDS. prokaryotic
inhibits Scientists have discovered
enzymes will killthat
the an
paras
b. rough
c. lysosome ER antibiotic
because itthat inhibits prokaryotic
is effective against the enzymes
plastids inwill
thekill the paras
protist. Wh
c. peroxisome
d. lysosome because it is effective
can you conclude against
about the plastids
the origin in the protist. Wha
of the plastids?
d. peroxisome can you conclude about the origin of the plastids?
4.6 Microbodies and Vacuoles 2. In the 1958 movie The Blob, a giant, single-celled alien cree
4.6 Microbodies and Vacuoles 2. In
andthe
oozes movie The
1958around, Blob, aand
attacking giant, single-celled
devouring helpless alien cree
human
14. Vesicles with specific metabolic functions in a cell are called
d 14.ਂወ
Vesicles
a. with specific metabolic functions in a cell are called
the cytoskeleton.
and
Whyoozes around,
couldn’t there attacking and devouring
be a real single-celled helplessas
organism human
large
Why couldn’t there be a real single-celled organism as large
_

a. centrioles.
the cytoskeleton. the Blob?
b.
the Blob?
b. ribosomes.
c. centrioles. 3. Calculate the surface-area-to-volume ratio of a 1-mm cube
c. microbodies.
d. ribosomes. 3. Calculate
a 2-mm cube.the surface-area-to-volume
Which has the smaller ratio?ratio of a 1-mm cube a
d. microbodies. a 2-mm cube. Which has the smaller ratio?
15. These microbodies break down fatty acids and contain catalase 4. Giardia lamblia is a protist that is commonly known for
c 15. to
These microbodies
break breakperoxide.
down hydrogen down fatty acids and contain catalase 4. Giardia lamblia water
contaminating is a protist thatand
supplies is commonly known for
causing diarrhea. While
to break
a. down hydrogen peroxide.
lysosome contaminating water supplies
Giardia is a eukaryote, its cellsand
lackcausing diarrhea.
mitochondria. While
What
a. central
b. lysosomevacuole Giardia
would beis the
a eukaryote, its cells
overall effect on alack mitochondria.
eukaryotic cell if itWhat
lacked
b. peroxisome
c. central vacuole would be the overall
mitochondria? effect have
How might on a Giardia
eukaryotic cell if for
adapted it lacked
this
c. chromatin
d. peroxisome mitochondria? How might have Giardia adapted for this
potential difficulty?
d. chromatin potential difficulty?

2
 81

r) own DNA, 4.7 The Energy-Related Organelles
es? b. 16. Mitochondria ᔤ
a. are involved in cellular respiration.
A.
Mitochondria synthesize ATP.
b. break down ATP to release energy for cells.
☒
c. are present in animal cells but not plant cells. 2
d. All of these are correct.
C 17. Which organelle releases oxygen?
a. ribosome c. chloroplast
b. Golgi apparatus d. smooth ER
18. Which of the following would not be found in a chloroplast?

cddhtmiaotubule.cz
a. grana c. cristae
b. thylakoids d. stroma

4.8 The Cytoskeleton

19. Which of these is not true?
in a cell.
a. Actin filaments are located under the plasma membrane.
b. Microtubules are organized by centrosomes.
c. Intermediate filaments are associated with the nuclear
envelope.
d. Motor molecules move materials along intermediate
nit of filaments.
20. Cilia and flagella
a. have a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules, the same as basal
bodies.
\ filaments. → ceudùsìon
b. contain myosin that pulls on actin
c. are organized by basal bodies derived from centrioles.
\ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
d. are constructed similarly
e. Both a and c are correct.
way to

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sis of proteins THINKING SCIENTIFICALLY

1. The protists that cause malaria contribute to infections
associated with AIDS. Scientists have discovered that an
antibiotic that inhibits prokaryotic enzymes will kill the parasite,
because it is effective against the plastids in the protist. What
can you conclude about the origin of the plastids?
2. In the 1958 movie The Blob, a giant, single-celled alien creeps
and oozes around, attacking and devouring helpless humans.
are called
Why couldn’t there be a real single-celled organism as large as
the Blob?
3. Calculate the surface-area-to-volume ratio of a 1-mm cube and
a 2-mm cube. Which has the smaller ratio?
ntain catalase 4. Giardia lamblia is a protist that is commonly known for
contaminating water supplies and causing diarrhea. While
Giardia is a eukaryote, its cells lack mitochondria. What
would be the overall effect on a eukaryotic cell if it lacked
mitochondria? How might have Giardia adapted for this
potential difficulty?
3
 CHAPTER
CHAPTER5555 Membrane
Membrane Structure and Function 99
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
Membrane Structure
MembraneStructure and
Structureand Function
andFunction
Function 9999
99

ASSESS
ASSESS
ASSESS
Membrane & Membrane Transport
9.9.Which
9.9. Which
Which
Which
transport
ofofthe
ofof the
the
of
the following
following
following
following
molecules
processes
processes
processes
processes
out of the
is involved
isisis involved
involved
involved
cell?
in the
inininthe
the
the
bulk
bulk
bulk
bulk
transport
transport of
of molecules
molecules out
out
transport of molecules out of the cell? of
of the
thecell?
cell?
Choose the best answer for each question.
Choosethethebest
Choose
Choose the best
best answer
answer
answer for
forfor each
each
each question.
question.
question.
a.a. phagocytosis
a.a. phagocytosis
phagocytosis
phagocytosis
b.
b.
b. pinocytosis
pinocytosis
pinocytosis
5.1
5.1 Plasma
Plasma
5.1Plasma Membrane
Membrane
PlasmaMembrane Structure
Structure
MembraneStructure and
and
Structureand Function
Function
andFunction
Function b. pinocytosis
5.1 c.c. receptor-mediated endocytosis
1.1. In the fluid-mosaic model, the fluid properties are associated c.c. receptor-mediated
receptor-mediated
receptor-mediated endocytosis
endocytosis
endocytosis
1.1.InIn
In the
the fluid-mosaic
fluid-mosaic model,
model, the
the fluid
fluid properties
properties are
are associated
associated d. exocytosis

bec.
the fluid-mosaic model, the fluid properties are associated d.
d. exocytosis
exocytosis
d. exocytosis
with the nature of the ______ and the mosaic pattern is
with the nature of the ______ and the mosaic pattern isisis
with
with the
the nature
nature of
of the
the ______
______ and
and the
the mosaic
mosaic pattern
pattern e.e. None
e.e. None
None
None
ofofthese
ofof these
these
these
are
are
arearecorrect.
correct.
correct.
correct.
established
established
established by
by the
the _______.
_______.
established byby thethe _______.
_______. 10.
10. Which
Which process
process uses
uses special
special proteins
proteins on
on the
the surface
surface ofofthe
a.a. nucleic acids; phospholipids 10.Which
10. Which process
process uses
uses special
special proteins
proteins on on
thethe surface
surface ofof
thethe
the
a.a. nucleic
nucleic
nucleic acids;
acids;
acids; phospholipids
phospholipids
phospholipids membrane
membrane
membrane to
to
to identify
identify
identifyspecific
specific
specificmolecules
molecules
molecules for
for
fortransport
transport
transport into
into
into
b.b. phospholipids; embedded proteins membrane to identify specific molecules for transport into
b.b. phospholipids;
phospholipids;
phospholipids; embedded
embedded
embedded proteins
proteins
proteins the
the
the cell?
cell?
cell?
c.
c.
c. embedded
embedded
embedded proteins;
proteins;
proteins; cholesterol
cholesterol
cholesterol the cell?
c. embedded proteins; cholesterol a.
a. phagocytosis
phagocytosis
d.d. phospholipids; nucleic acids a. a.phagocytosis
phagocytosis
d.d. phospholipids;
phospholipids;
phospholipids; nucleic
nucleic
nucleic acids
acids
acids b.b. pinocytosis
2. Which of the following is not aafunction ofofproteins present ininthe b.b. pinocytosis
pinocytosis
pinocytosis
2. Which of the following is not a afunction
2.
2. Which
Which of
of the
the following
following is
is not
not function
function ofof proteins
proteins
proteins present
present
present inin the
the
the c.c. receptor-mediated
c.c. receptor-mediated
receptor-mediated
receptor-mediated
endocytosis
endocytosis
endocytosis
endocytosis
plasma
plasma
plasma membrane?
membrane?
membrane? d.
d. exocytosis
exocytosis
plasma membrane? d. exocytosis
d. exocytosis
a.a. Proteins assist the passage ofofmaterials into the cell.
a.a. Proteins
Proteins
Proteins assist
assist
assist the
thethe passage
passage
passage ofof materials
materials
materials into
intointo the
the the cell.
cell.
cell. 5.4 Modification of Cell Surfaces
b.
b. Proteins
Proteins interact
interact with
with and
and recognize
recognize other
other cells.
cells. 5.4
5.4 Modification
5.4Modification of
Modificationof Cell
ofCell Surfaces
CellSurfaces
Surfaces
b.b.Proteins
Proteins interact
interact with
with andand recognize
recognize other
other cells.
cells.
c.c. Proteins bind with specific hormones. 11. The extracellular matrix
c.c. Proteins
Proteins
Proteins bind
bindbind with
with
with specific
specific
specific hormones.
hormones.
hormones. 11. The
11.The
11. The extracellular
extracellular
extracellular matrix
matrix
matrix
d.d. Proteins carry out specific metabolic reactions. a.a. assists in the movement ofofsubstances across the plasma
d.d. Proteins
Proteins
Proteins carry
carry
carry out
outout specific
specific
specific metabolic
metabolic
metabolic reactions.
reactions.
reactions. a.a. assists
assists
assists ininin the
the the movement
movement
movement ofof substances
substances
substances across
across
across the
thethe plasma
plasma
plasma
e.
e.
e. Proteins
Proteins
Proteins produce
produce
produce lipid
lipid
lipid molecules.
molecules.
molecules. membrane.
membrane.
membrane.
e. Proteins produce lipid molecules. membrane.
b.b. prevents the loss ofofwater when cells are placed in aaa
3.3. The
3.3.TheThe
The carbohydrate
carbohydrate
carbohydrate
carbohydrate
chains
chains
chains
chains
projecting
projecting
projecting
projecting
from
from
from
from
the
thethe
the plasma
plasma
plasma
plasma
membrane
membrane
membrane
membrane b.b. prevents
prevents
prevents thethe
the loss
loss
loss ofof water
water
water when
when
when cells
cells
cells are
areareplaced
placed
placed ininin
a
are involved hypertonic
hypertonic
hypertonic solution.
solution.
solution.
areare
are involved
involved
involved inin
in
in hypertonic solution.
a.a.
a. adhesion
adhesion
a.adhesion
adhesion between
between
between
between cells.
cells.
cells.
cells. c.c.
c. cell-to-cell
cell-to-cell
c.cell-to-cell
cell-to-cell recognition.
recognition.
recognition.
recognition. c.c.
c. has
has
c.hashas numerous
numerous
numerous
numerous functions
functions
functions
functions that
that
thatthat affect
affect
affect
affect the
the
thethe shape
shape
shape
shape and
and
and
and activities
activities
activities
activities ofof
of
of
the
the
the cell
cell
cell that
that
that produced
produced
produced it.
it.
it.
b.b.
b. reception
reception
b.reception
reception ofof
of
ofmolecules.
molecules.
molecules.
molecules. d.d.
d. All
d.All ofof
All
All of
of these
these
these
these are
areare
arecorrect.
correct.
correct.
correct. the cell that produced it.
d.d.
d. contains
contains
d.contains
contains the
thethe
the junctions
junctions
junctions
junctions that
that
that
that sometimes
sometimes
sometimes
sometimes occur
occur
occur
occur between
between
between
between cells.
cells.
cells.
cells.
5.2
5.2
5.2 Passive
Passive
5.2Passive Transport
Transport
PassiveTransport Across
AcrossaaaaMembrane
Across
TransportAcross Membrane
Membrane
Membrane e.
e.
e. All
All
Allof
ofof these
these
these are
are
are correct.
correct.
correct.
e. All of these are correct.
4.4.
4. When
When
4.When
When aaacell
acell
cell
cell isis
isis placed
placed
placed
placed inin
inaaahypotonic
in ahypotonic
hypotonic
hypotonic solution,
solution,
solution,
solution, 12.
12. Which
Which
12.Which
12. Which ofof
ofof the
the
thethe following
following
following
following junctions
junctions
junctions
junctions allows
allows
allows
allows for
forfor
forcytoplasm-to-
cytoplasm-to-
cytoplasm-to-
cytoplasm-to-
a.a.
a. solute
solute
a.solute
solute exits
exits
exitsexits the
thethe
the cell
cell
cell
cell toto
toto equalize
equalize
equalize
equalize the
the
thethe concentration
concentration
concentration
concentration onon
onon both
both
both
both cytoplasm
cytoplasm
cytoplasm
cytoplasm communication
communication
communication
communication between
between
between
between cells?
cells?
cells?
cells?
sides
sides ofof
of the
the membrane.
membrane.
sidessides ofthe the membrane.
membrane. a.a.
a. adhesion
adhesion
a.adhesion
adhesion junctions
junctions
junctions
junctions
b.b.
b. water
water
b.waterwater exits
exits
exitsexits the
thethe
the cell
cell
cell
cell toward
toward
toward
toward the
the
thethe area
area
area
area ofof
of
of lower
lower
lower
lower solute
solute
solute
solute b.b.
b. tight
tight
b.tight
tight junctions
junctions
junctions
junctions
concentration.
concentration.
concentration.
concentration. c.c.
c. gap
gap
c.gapgap junctions
junctions
junctions
junctions
c.c.
c. water
water
c.waterwater enters
enters
enters
enters the
thethe
the cell
cell
cell
cell toward
toward
toward
toward the
thethe
the area
area
area
area ofof
of
of higher
higher
higher
higher solute
solute
solute
solute d. None ofof
d.
d.
d. None
None
None of
of these
these
thesethese are
are
arearecorrect.
correct.
correct.
correct.
concentration.
concentration.
concentration.
concentration.
d.d.
d. there
there
d.therethere isis
isis
nono
no
no net
netnet
net movement
movement
movement
movement ofof
of
of water
water
water
water oror
or
or solutes.
solutes.
solutes.
solutes.
5.5.
5. When
When
5.When
When aaacell
acell
cell
cell isis
isis placed
placed
placed
placed inin
inaaahypertonic
in ahypertonic
hypertonic
hypertonic solution,
solution,
solution,
solution,
ENGAGE
ENGAGE
ENGAGE
a.a.
a. solute
solute
a.solute
solute exits
exits
exitsexits the
thethe
the cell
cell
cell
cell toto
toto equalize
equalize
equalize
equalize the
the
thethe concentration
concentration
concentration
concentration onon
onon both
both
both
both
sides
sides
sidessides ofof
ofof the
thethe
the membrane.
membrane.
membrane.
membrane.
b.b.
b. water
water
b.waterwater exits
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exitsexits the
thethe
the cell
cell
cell
cell toward
toward
toward
toward the
the
thethe area
area
area
area ofof
of
of lower
lower
lower
lower solute
solute
solute
solute
concentration.
concentration.
concentration.
concentration.
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isis placed
placed
placed inin aaahypertonic
inin ahypertonic
hypertonic
hypertonic solution
solution
solution would
would
would experience
experience
experience

:
plant cell that placed solution would experience
a.a.
a. crenation.
crenation.
a.crenation.
crenation. t
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b.b.
b.
b.anan
anan increase
increase
increase
increase inin
inin turgor
turgor
turgor
turgor pressure.
pressure.
pressure.
pressure.
THINKING
THINKING
THINKING SCIENTIFICALLY
SCIENTIFICALLY
THINKINGSCIENTIFICALLY
SCIENTIFICALLY
c.c.
c. plasmolysis.
plasmolysis.
c.plasmolysis.
plasmolysis.
d.d.
d.
d.nono
nono netnet
net
net changes.
changes.
changes.
changes. 1.1.
1. As
1.AsAs
As mentioned,
mentioned,
mentioned,
mentioned, cystic
cystic
cystic
cystic fibrosis
fibrosis
fibrosis
fibrosis isis aaagenetic
isis agenetic
genetic
genetic disorder
disorder
disorder
disorder caused
caused
caused
caused byby
by
by
7.7.
7. Which
Which
7.Which
Which ofof
of
of
thethe
the
the following
following
following
following isis
isis incorrect
incorrect
incorrect
incorrect regarding
regarding
regarding
regarding facilitated
facilitated
facilitated
facilitated diffusion?
diffusion?
diffusion?
diffusion? aaadefective
adefective
defective
defective membrane
membrane
membrane
membrane transport
transport
transport
transport protein.
protein.
protein.
protein. The
The
TheThe defective
defective
defective
defective protein
protein
protein
protein
closes
closes
closes
closes chloride
chloride
chloride
chloride channels
channels
channels
channels inin
ininmembranes,
membranes,
membranes,
membranes, preventing
preventing
preventing
preventing chloride
chloride
chloride
chloride
a.a.
a.ItItItIt
a. isis aaapassive
isis apassive
passive
passive process.
process.
process.
process.
from
from
from
from being
being
being
being exported
exported
exported
exported out
out
outout ofof
of
of cells.
cells.
cells.
cells. This
This
This This results
results
results
results inin
inin the
thethe
the development
development
development
development
b.b.
b.ItItItIt
b. allows
allows
allows
allows the
thethe
the movement
movement
movement
movement ofof
of
of molecules
molecules
molecules
molecules from
from
from
from areas
areas
areas
areas ofof
of
oflow
low
lowlow
concentration
concentration
concentration
concentration toto
to areas
areas
areas
to areas ofofof high
high
high
of high concentration.
concentration.
concentration.
concentration. ofof
ofaaathick
of athick
thick
thick mucus
mucus
mucus
mucus onon
on
on the
the
thethe outer
outer
outerouter surfaces
surfaces
surfaces
surfaces ofof
of
ofcells.
cells.
cells.
cells. This
This
ThisThis mucus
mucus
mucus
mucus clogs
clogs
clogs
clogs
the
the
thethe ducts
ducts
ducts
ducts that
that
thatthat carry
carry
carry
carry digestive
digestive
digestive
digestive enzymes
enzymes
enzymes
enzymes from
from
fromfrom the
the
the the pancreas
pancreas
pancreas
pancreas toto
to the
the
the
to the
c.c.
c.ItItItIt
c. may
maymay
may useuse
use
use either
either
either
either channel
channel
channel
channel oror
or
or carrier
carrier
carrier
carrier proteins.
proteins.
proteins.
proteins.
small
small
small
small intestine,
intestine,
intestine,
intestine, clogs
clogs
clogs
clogs the
the
thethe airways
airways
airways
airways inin
inin the
thethe
the lungs,
lungs,
lungs,
lungs, and
andand
and promotes
promotes
promotes
promotes
d.d.
d.ItItItIt
d. allows
allows
allows
allows the
thethe
the rapid
rapid
rapidrapid transport
transport
transport
transport ofof
of
of glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose across
across
across
across the
the
thethe membrane.
membrane.
membrane.
membrane.
lung
lung
lung
lung infections.
infections.
infections.
infections. Why
Why
WhyWhy do
dodo
do you
youyou
you think
think
think
think the
thethe
the defective
defective
defective
defective protein
protein
protein
protein results
results
results
results inin
inin
5.3
5.3
5.3 Active
Active
5.3Active Transport
Transport
ActiveTransport Across
AcrossaaaaMembrane
Across
TransportAcross Membrane
Membrane
Membrane aaathick,
athick,
thick,
thick, sticky
sticky
sticky
sticky mucus
mucus
mucusmucus outside
outside
outside
outside the
thethe
the cells,
cells,
cells,cells, instead
instead
instead
instead ofof
ofaaaloose,
of aloose,
loose,
loose, fluid
fluid
fluid
fluid
e8.8.
8. The
The
8.The
The sodium-potassium
sodium-potassium
sodium-potassium
sodium-potassium pump
pump
pump
pump covering?
covering?
covering?
covering?
a.a.
a. helps
helps
a.helpshelps establish
establish
establish
establish an
an
an electrochemical
electrochemical
electrochemical
an electrochemical gradient
gradient
gradient
gradient across
across
across the
the
the
across the 2.2.
2. Winter
Winter
2.Winter
Winter wheat
wheat
wheat
wheat isis
isisplanted
planted
planted
planted inin
inin the
thethe
the early
early
earlyearly fall,
fall,
fall, grows
grows
grows
fall, grows over
over
over over the
the
the winter
winter
winter
the winter
membrane.
membrane.
membrane.
membrane. when
when
when
when the
the
thethe weather
weather
weather
weather isis
isiscolder,
colder,
colder,
colder, and
and
andand isis
isis harvested
harvested
harvested
harvested inin
inin the
thethe
the spring.
spring.
spring.
spring. AsAs
As
As
b.b.
b. concentrates
concentrates
b.concentrates
concentrates sodium
sodium
sodium
sodium on
on
on the
the
the
on outside
outside
outside
the outsideofof
of the
the
the
of themembrane.
membrane.
membrane.
membrane. the
the
thethe temperature
temperature
temperature
temperature drops,
drops,
drops,
drops, the
thethe
the makeup
makeup
makeup
makeup ofofof the
the
of the
the plasma
plasma
plasma
plasma membrane
membrane
membrane
membrane ofof
of
of
c.c.
c. uses
uses
c.uses uses aaacarrier
acarrier
carrier
carrier protein
protein
protein
protein and
and
and
and chemical
chemical
chemical
chemical energy.
energy.
energy.
energy. winter
winter
winter
winter wheat
wheat
wheat
wheat changes.
changes.
changes.
changes. Unsaturated
Unsaturated
Unsaturated
Unsaturated fatty
fatty
fatty
fatty acids
acids
acids
acids replace
replace
replace
replace saturated
saturated
saturated
saturated
d.d.
d.isis
d. isispresent
present
present
present inin
in the
the
the
in the plasma
plasma
plasma
plasma membrane.
membrane.
membrane.
membrane. fatty
fatty
fatty
fatty acids
acids
acids
acids inin
inin the
thethe
the phospholipids
phospholipids
phospholipids
phospholipids ofof
of the
the
of the
the membrane.
membrane.
membrane.
membrane. Why
Why
WhyWhy isis
isis this
this
this aaaa
this
e.e.
e. All
e.AllAll ofof
All of
ofthese
these
these
these are
are
areare correct.
correct.
correct.
correct. suitable
suitable
suitable
suitable adaptation?
adaptation?
adaptation?
adaptation?
 99

d c .e
9. Which of the following processes is involved in the bulk
transport of molecules out of the cell?
a. phagocytosis
b. pinocytosis
on
c. receptor-mediated endocytosis
are associated d. exocytosis
attern is e. None of these are correct.
10. Which process uses special proteins on the surface of the
membrane to identify specific molecules for transport into
the cell?
a. phagocytosis
b. pinocytosis
eins present in the c. receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. exocytosis
o the cell.
ells. 5.4 Modification of Cell Surfaces
11. The extracellular matrix
ons. a. assists in the movement of substances across the plasma
membrane.
asma membrane b. prevents the loss of water when cells are placed in a
hypertonic solution.
recognition. c. has numerous functions that affect the shape and activities of
e are correct. the cell that produced it.
d. contains the junctions that sometimes occur between cells.
e. All of these are correct.
12. Which of the following junctions allows for cytoplasm-to-
ration on both cytoplasm communication between cells?
a. adhesion junctions
solute b. tight junctions
c. gap junctions
her solute d. None of these are correct.
s.
ENGAGE
ration on both
solute

r solute The following LearnSmart Labs contain exercises that are related to
the content of this chapter:
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THINKING SCIENTIFICALLY
1. As mentioned, cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by
cilitated diffusion? a defective membrane transport protein. The defective protein
closes chloride channels in membranes, preventing chloride
reas of low from being exported out of cells. This results in the development
n. of a thick mucus on the outer surfaces of cells. This mucus clogs
. the ducts that carry digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the
ss the membrane. small intestine, clogs the airways in the lungs, and promotes
lung infections. Why do you think the defective protein results in
a thick, sticky mucus outside the cells, instead of a loose, fluid
covering?
across the 2. Winter wheat is planted in the early fall, grows over the winter
when the weather is colder, and is harvested in the spring. As
membrane. the temperature drops, the makeup of the plasma membrane of
winter wheat changes. Unsaturated fatty acids replace saturated
fatty acids in the phospholipids of the membrane. Why is this a
suitable adaptation?