11 - SOP For Earthing Pit and Earthing

Doc.No.
: RP -PRJ(SOL)-SOP-11
SOP FOR Earth Pit & Earthing Ver No: 1.1
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Approval Date: 03-03-2023
Prepared by: SOP Committee Members Vetted by: Project Team & Quality Team
Approved by: SOP Committee Approval Status- Approved
SOP
FOR
Earth Pit & Earthing
REVISION HISTORY
Ver No Effective Date Approval Date Brief Revision Details

1.0 22-11-2022 23-11-2022 First Release
1.1 01-03-2023 03-03-2023 Quality Comments incorporated
Doc.No.: RP -PRJ(SOL)-SOP-11
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Approval Date: 03-03-2023
PURPOSE: To Ensure that Earth Pit & Earthing Work will be executed safely in accordance with the approved
drawings and technical specification and that all quality /control activities adhere to and are conducted in
a systematic manner, works are to be inspected in conformance and verified and documented.
SCOPE: Excavation, Bore Digging, Earth Electrode Placing, Chemical/Salt Charcoal Placing, Welding,
Painting, Backfilling.
RESPONSIBILITY: Project Manager/Site In-Charge, AC Lead /Section In-Charge & AC Contractors
Reference Document:
 Site EHS Plan,
 Approved Drawing
 Technical Specification
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Approval Date: XXXXXX
DESCRIPTION
1. REQUIRED TOOLS AND MATERIALS:
1 Welding Tools
2 Electrical & Fitting Tool box
3 Spanners & Torque wrench, power & Hand tools
4 Calibrated test equipment (ERT Tester)
5 Drill machine
6 PPEs-Safety Gloves, helmet, shoes, Electric Gloves
7 Red oxide and Bitumen paint
8 ‘C’ Clamp, Wire brush, Chipping tools
9 Welding Harness
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Earthing Pit Procedure.
Pit boring:
a) Peg marking for earth pit location shall be done as per GFC drawing using Total station.
b) Ensure the Co-ordinate not overlap the cable trench/ site condition of the cable trench.
c) Bore holes are done with DTH (drill to hole) machine, manual augers, and High mast augur, JCB auger
depending on the availability and site conditions. Fig:1
d) Position, verticality & alignment of the DTH must be checked before drilling. Ensure that the bore
holes were driven vertically.
e) Depth, Diameter & verticality of the bore hole shall be checked in accordance with GFC.Fig:1&2
f) Permission of pit boring must be given after confirming the depth, diameter & verticality of sample
bore.
Note: Pit Bore method applicable for both conventional and chemical earth pits.
Fig:1 Fig:2 Fig:3
Method for Construction of Conventional Earthing Pit.

a) After verification of bore hole as per GFC drawing
b) Verify the earth electrode pipe Dimension and perforation on the GI/CI pipes as per standards.
c) Put the electrode in center of the bore hole. Type and size of the electrode shall be as per
approved GFC. (GI/CI/Plate Earthing) Fig:4
d) Make the layers wise mixture composition as per IS:3043 Standard (Make an alternate layer of 300
mm height of Charcoal, Salt & Sand or make a homogenous mixture of Charcoal, Salt, sand and fill
into pit). Fig 5,6.
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
e) Make final layer 300mm layer of soil on above the mixture.

f) Care should always be taken by watering the earth pits in summer so that the pit soil will be wet.
g) Connect the Equipment earth cable/ flat over the electrode ‘U’ Clamps/Test links.
h) Contact of electrode with ‘U’ clamps/Test links must be proper with proper projection of fastener(3-4
thread). No gap should be observed between them.
i) Top end of the GI pipe shall be covered with funnel & wire mesh.
j) Fix the earth pit chamber as per GFC
Fig: 4 Fig: 5 Fig: 6

Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Method for Construction of Chemical Earthing Pit:

a) Peg marking for earth pit location shall be done as per GFC drawing using Total station.
b) Ensure the Co-ordinate not overlap the cable trench/ site condition of the cable trench.
c) Bore hole shall be done as per GFC drawing. Fig: 8
d) Put the electrode in the bore hole. Type and size of the electrode shall be as per approved GFC
e) Prepare the chemical compound as per manufacture instruction, Fill the mix-up of chemical
compound and water mixture up to half of the pit hole without mixing of the soil,
f) Wait for a minute and fill the next layer of pit with remaining compounds.
g) Fill the empty space around the electrode using soft soil up to the finishing level.
Connect the earth flat in the link. Fig: 9
Fig: 8 - Chemical pit Fig: 9
Procedure for Chemical earth pit with 17.2mmx 3.0mt Earth electrode for DC field etc
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Grid Earthing and Earth Mat preparation:
g) Excavate the trench as per site GFC route by using JCB/manual method.
h) Depth of trench should be measured before laying of Earth strip. Depth should be 600 mm/ as per
drawing. Fig: 10
i) Earth flat shall be selected as per the approved GFC drawing.
j) Laying of Earth strip should be done as per drawing. Fig: 11
k) 90 Degree bend shall be carried for riser of earth pit connection and equipment connections. Earth grid
shall be form as per GFC. Fig: 12. (MMS, Power equipment’s Fencing, SCB Etc.)
Fig: 10 Fig: 11
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Fig: 12
l) Fillet welding shall be done with 2.5-3mm welding electrode as a grade of E6013, wilding work
should be done by an authorised welder only. Fig: 13
m) During overlap joint welding process ‘C’ clamps shall be used to hold the flats.
Fig: 13
n) Overlap of Strips should not be less than 2 times of the its width/Diameter (2xD) and method of
welded T-joint for two strips using angle cleats welded on either side as show (Fig: 14,15,16 shows
vertical flat laying
o) Connect the all equipment risers, interconnection of AC vs DC grid, LA grid as per the drawings.
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Fig: 14 Fig: 15
Fig: 16
p) For 25x3 or25x6mm flats shall be bolted with two numbers of fasteners for straight through lapping
Single fasteners for ‘T’ Joint Fig: 17
q) FiAll four sides shall be welded on Straight overlap portion. Fig: 16.
r) After welding chip the carbon parts from welding area using wire brush & chisel. Fig: 16
s) Application of anti-corrosive coat over the welded portion as single coat of Red oxide primer and
then application of double coat of bitumen paint over red oxide. Fig:18,15
t) Zinc rich spray/paint shall be used for GI flat rust/deform location
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Earth Pit Testing:
a) After completion of the earth pits, ERT Earth resistance shall be performed to identify
the characteristic of the same pit.
b) ERT shall be conducted over the constructed earth pit and entire cluster earth grid. Fig: 19
Fig: 19
c) If the test has passed and results are satisfactory connection the grid electrode over the pit
and take the Grid ER values.
d) The earth resistance should be less than 5 ohms for a single pit and for grid the ER value
should be less than 1 ohm (Refer Design data/ Nature of the soil)
e) Carry should be taken during connection of earth flats over the pit/ equipment’s to
avoid improper fault current path. (Flat shall be done without any air gap.)
f) Fasteners specification should be as per drawing. (Two numbers of flat washers and one
number of spring washer)
g) The earth resistance should be less than 5 ohms for a single pit and grid ER value should be less
than 1 ohm.
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Earth Pit Chamber: -
a) After completion of the ERT, Necessary chamber shall be provided as per drawing.
b) Maintain the 100mm clearance between ground and pit ‘U’ clamp (for maintenance purpose)
c) Provide the necessary color code for the chamber (yellow/Green/Gray)
d) ERT value of the individual pits and grid value shall be written over the earth pit chamber
with black enamel paint. Fig: 20
e) All chamber heights shall be maintained evenly, chamber outside height not more than
the 150mm (To avoid Vehicle movement damages)
Fig: 20
MMS Earthing
f) Depth of trench and Laying of earth strip should be as per drawing.
g) Overlapping of earth strip is 2xD.Overlaping is done by nut and bolts of adequate
size/as mentioned in drawing.
h) MMS riser must be close to 90 degree. Fig: 21
i) Riser should be connected to earthing plate of MMS through GI nut bolt or as per drawing.
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Fig: 21
Data & Records for Quality Control & Quality Assurance
 This standard operating procedure will be ensured at site level through a field quality plan.
Reference IS: 3043
Eff. Dt.:01-03-2023
Safety & Environmental Aspects:
 All workers shall provide with PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and shall be worn every time they
are entering the site
 Safety induction to be conducted to all new workers that involved to this activity and safety tool box
meeting /FCD shall be conducted every day to remind the workers about concerning the safety.
 Area Manager / Safety Supervisor shall ensure that the activity shall carryout in a safe manager.
 All workers shall fully support and actively participate in all safety related activities and comply with
all practicable safety measures.
 All workers shall be advised to report any accident or injury to supervisor and proper treatment to be
obtained. Rubber glove, mask and safety glasses should always be worn during welding works in
progress.
 The site shall be kept clear of unnecessary obstruction. First aid kit boxes will be provided at site
office.
 All workers shall ensure that all tools and equipment machinery are in good condition to avoid any oil
leakage that could harm to environment.
 All workers should maintain a safe distance of 5m from the pallet.
 Condition of the fork should be checked after unloading of each container.
 Access to the unloading area should be blocked for unauthorized persons.
 A trained signalman shall be available with the vehicle for guidance.

11 - SOP For Earthing Pit and Earthing

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Doc.No.

Ver No Effective Date Approval Date Brief Revision Details

RESPONSIBILITY: Project Manager/Site In-Charge, AC Lead /Section In-Charge & AC Contractors

1. REQUIRED TOOLS AND MATERIALS:

2 Electrical & Fitting Tool box

3 Spanners & Torque wrench, power & Hand tools

4 Calibrated test equipment (ERT Tester)

6 PPEs-Safety Gloves, helmet, shoes, Electric Gloves

7 Red oxide and Bitumen paint

8 ‘C’ Clamp, Wire brush, Chipping tools

Earthing Pit Procedure.

Fig:1 Fig:2 Fig:3

Method for Construction of Conventional Earthing Pit.

e) Make final layer 300mm layer of soil on above the mixture.

Fig: 4 Fig: 5 Fig: 6

Method for Construction of Chemical Earthing Pit:

Fig: 8 - Chemical pit Fig: 9

Grid Earthing and Earth Mat preparation:

j) Laying of Earth strip should be done as per drawing. Fig: 11

Earth Pit Testing:

Earth Pit Chamber: -

Data & Records for Quality Control & Quality Assurance

Safety & Environmental Aspects:

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