‫حعش‪٠‬ف اٌذاٌت ‪Function‬‬

‫إرا واْ ‪ُّ٠ A , B‬ثالْ ِجّ‪ٛ‬عخ‪ ٓ١‬غ‪١‬ش خاٌ‪١‬خ‪ٚ ,ٓ١‬واْ وً عٕصش ِٓ عٕاصش اٌّجّ‪ٛ‬عت ‪A‬‬
‫‪٠‬مابٍٗ عٕصش ‪ٚ‬احذ فمظ ِٓ عٕاصش اٌّجّ‪ٛ‬عت ‪ B‬فئٕٔا ٔم‪ٛ‬ي ٌٍماعذة اٌخ‪ ٟ‬حُ عٍ‪ ٝ‬أساس‪ٙ‬ا إجشاء‬
‫٘زٖ اٌّمابٍت داٌت (‪ A ِٓ )F‬اٌ‪ُ٠ٚ B ٝ‬عبّش عٓ رٌه باٌشِ‪ٛ‬ص وا‪٢‬ح‪:ٟ‬‬
‫‪F: A → B‬‬
‫‪ُ٠ٚ‬طٍك عٍ‪ِ ٝ‬جّ‪ٛ‬عت اٌعٕاصش اٌّ‪ٛ‬ج‪ٛ‬دة ف‪ِٕ A ٟ‬طٍك اٌذاٌت ‪ُ٠ٚ , F‬طٍك عٍ‪ ٝ‬اٌعٕاصش‬
‫اٌّ‪ٛ‬ج‪ٛ‬دة ف‪ِ B ٟ‬سخمش اٌذاٌت ‪.f‬‬
‫أٔ‪ٛ‬اع اٌذ‪ٚ‬اي‪:‬‬
‫ٕ٘ان اٌىث‪١‬ش ِٓ اٌذ‪ٚ‬اي سٕخط ّشق اٌ‪ ٝ‬بعط ِٕ‪ٙ‬ا ‪ِ ,‬ثً‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اٌذاٌت اٌّخضا‪٠‬ذة ‪Increasing Fun.‬‬
‫حسّ‪ ٝ‬داٌت )‪ y = f(x‬داٌت ِخضا‪٠‬ذة‪ ,‬إرا اصدادث ل‪ّ١‬ت ‪ y‬وٍّا اصدادث ل‪ّ١‬ت ‪ x‬أ‪ ٞ‬أَّْ ‪:‬‬
‫‪x1 < x2‬‬
‫)‪f(x1) ≤ f(x2‬‬
‫ِثــاي‪ ً٘ :‬اٌذاٌت ا‪٢‬ح‪١‬ت ‪y = x +3‬؟‬
‫? ‪Is this Function Increasing‬‬
‫‪Sol// Let‬‬ ‫‪x1 = 2 , x 2 = 4‬‬
‫‪y1 = f(x1) = 2 + 3 = 5‬‬
‫‪y2 = f(x2) = 4 + 3 = 7‬‬
‫‪2 < 4‬‬
‫‪f(2) = 5‬‬ ‫‪< f(4) = 7‬‬

‫‪Increasing Fun.‬‬
Ex: Is this Function y = x2 + 2 Increasing ?
Sol:

Let x1 = -1 , x2 = +1

f(– 1) = (– 1)2 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3

f(+1) = (– 1)2 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3

Increasing Fun.

Decreasing Fun. ‫ اٌذاٌت اٌّخٕالصت‬-2

: َّْ‫ أ‬ٞ‫ أ‬x ‫ّت‬١‫اد ل‬٠‫ باصد‬y ‫ّت‬١‫ إرا لٍّج ل‬,‫ داٌت ِخٕالصت‬y = f(x) ‫ داٌت‬ّٝ‫حُس‬
x1 < x2
f(x1) > f(x2)
‫ ً٘ اٌذاٌت ِخٕالصت ؟‬y = 3 – x ٓ‫ ٌخى‬:‫ِثــاي‬
Sol/ Let x1 = 3 , x2 = 5
y1 = f(x1) = 3 – 3 = 0
y2 = f(x2) = 3 – 5 = – 2
2 < 4
f(3) = 0 > f(5) = – 2
H.w: Which one of the following functions is Inc. or Dec. function :

a- ( ) √

b- ( )

Even Function ‫ت‬١‫ج‬ٚ‫ اٌذاٌت اٌض‬-3

‫ت‬٠ٚ‫ْ ِخسا‬ٛ‫ّت اٌذاٌت حى‬١‫ أَّْ ل‬ٞ‫ أ‬f(x) = f(– x) ‫ إرا وأج‬, ‫ت‬١‫ج‬ٚ‫ داٌت ص‬y = f(x) ‫حعخبش اٌذاٌت‬
.y ‫س‬ٛ‫ أَّْ اٌذاٌت ِخّاثٍت بإٌسبت ٌٍّح‬ٟٕ‫ع‬٠ ‫٘زا‬ٚ ,‫جبت‬ِٛ ٚ‫ ساٌبت ا‬x ‫اء وأج‬ٛ‫س‬
 . y = f(x) = x2 ٓ‫ ٌخى‬:‫ِثــاي‬
Sol// f(– x) = (– x)2
= x2

f(x) = f(– x)

Even fun.

Odd Function ‫ت‬٠‫ اٌذاٌت اٌفشد‬-4

f(– x) = –f(x) ‫ت إرا وأج‬٠‫ فشد‬y = f(x) ‫حعخبش اٌذاٌت‬

‫سة اٌعٕصش اٌساٌب‬ٛ‫ص‬ ‫جب‬ٌّٛ‫سة ا‬ٛ‫ساٌب ص‬

‫ُ ؟‬ِٕٙ ‫احذة‬ٚ ٞ‫سج أ‬١ٌ َ‫ت أ‬٠‫ فشد‬,‫ت‬١‫ج‬ٚ‫ ص‬ٟ٘ ‫ت‬١‫ح‬٢‫اي ا‬ٚ‫ ِٓ اٌذ‬ٞ‫أ‬
ُّ ّٓ١‫ ب‬:‫ِثــاي‬
Show that which one of the Following Functions is Even, odd or not ?
a. f(x) = x2 + 5 x2 , x1 ‫* ٕ٘ا ال ٔفشض‬
Sol/ ‫اٌخٕالص‬ٚ ‫ذ‬٠‫س عٓ اٌخضا‬١ٌ ‫ألْ اٌسؤاي‬
f(– x) = (– x)2 + 5 Even/ f(x) = f(– x)
= x2 + 5 odd/ f(– x) = – f(x)
= f(x)
 f(x) = f(– x)
Even

b. g (x) = x3 + x
g(– x) = (– x)3 + (– x)
= – x3 – x
= – (x3 + x)
= – g(x)
 g(– x) = – g(x)
odd
c. f(x) = x2 + x
f(– x) = (– x)2 + (-x)
= x2 – x ≠ f(x) not even
= – (– x2 + x) ≠ –f(x) not odd

Ex: Show that which one of the Following Function is Increasing or

Decreasing.
‫ بششط‬x2 ‫اٌــ‬ٚ x1 ‫ُ ٌٍــ‬١‫ْ اٌحً بفشض ل‬ٛ‫ى‬١‫اٌخٕالص ٌٍذاٌت ف‬ٚ ‫ذ‬٠‫خص اٌخضا‬٠ ‫* إرا واْ اٌسؤاي‬
x1 < x2 ْٛ‫أْ حى‬
1- f(x) =

Let: x1 = 3 , x4 = 4

f(x1) = = =
( )

f(x2) = = =
( )

3 < 4

f(3) = > f(4) =

decreasing
2- f(x) = √
Let: x1 = 3 , x2 = 5
f(x) = √
f(x1) = √ ( )
=√
=√ = 1.9
f(x2) = √ ( )
=√
 ‫√=‬ ‫‪= 2.22‬‬
‫< ‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪f(3) = 1.9 < f(5) = 2.22‬‬
‫‪Increasing‬‬

‫‪H.w: Show that which one of the Following Function is Even or Odd‬‬
‫‪or not:‬‬
‫) ( ‪1-‬‬
‫) ( ‪2-‬‬

‫‪ٕ٘ٚ‬ان أٔ‪ٛ‬اع أخش‪ ِٓ ٜ‬اٌذ‪ٚ‬اي حُسخخذَ ف‪ ٟ‬اٌّجاالث اإلداس‪٠‬ت ‪ٚ‬االلخصاد‪٠‬ت ‪ٚ‬االحصائ‪١‬ت‪ ,‬سٕخط ّشق‬
‫ط ِٕ‪ٙ‬ا‪:‬‬
‫اٌ‪ ٝ‬بع ٍ‬
‫‪ -1‬اٌذاٌت اٌخط‪١‬ت ‪Linear function‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اٌذاٌت اٌخشب‪١‬ع‪١‬ت ‪Quadratic fun.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اٌذاٌت اٌخىع‪١‬ب‪١‬ت ‪Quibic function‬‬
‫‪ -4‬داٌت اٌجزس اٌخشب‪١‬ع‪Square root function ٟ‬‬
‫‪ -5‬داٌت اٌم‪ ُ١‬اٌ ُّطٍمت ‪Absolute value function‬‬

‫‪ -1‬اٌذاٌت اٌخط‪١‬ت ‪Linear function‬‬

‫‪ , f(x) = a + bx‬ح‪١‬ث ‪b ≠ 0‬‬ ‫‪ ٟ٘ٚ‬اٌذاٌت اٌخ‪ ٟ‬حأخز اٌص‪١‬غت ا‪٢‬ح‪١‬ت‬
‫‪ٚ‬إْ وً ِٓ ‪ a , b‬حأخز ل‪ ُ١‬حم‪١‬م‪١‬ت‪ٚ ,‬أْ ُِٕطٍك اٌذاٌت ‪٠ f‬أخز ل‪ ُ١‬حم‪١‬م‪١‬ت أ‪٠‬ضاً‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬اٌذاٌت اٌخشب‪١‬ع‪١‬ت ‪Quadratic Fun.‬‬

‫‪ِٕٚ , f(x) = ax2 + bx + c‬طٍم‪ٙ‬ا ‪٠‬أخز اٌم‪ ُ١‬اٌحم‪١‬م‪١‬ت‬ ‫‪ ٟ٘ٚ‬اٌذاٌت اٌخ‪ ٟ‬حأخز اٌص‪١‬غت‬
‫‪ٚ‬إَْ ‪ a , b , c ≠ 0‬حأخز ل‪ ُ١‬حم‪١‬م‪١‬ت ‪.‬‬
 ‫اٌذاٌت اٌخىع‪١‬ب‪١‬ت ‪Quibic function‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫) ( ‪ِٕٚ‬طٍم‪ٙ‬ا ‪٠‬أخز اٌم‪ُ١‬‬ ‫‪ ٟ٘ٚ‬اٌذاٌت اٌخ‪ ٟ‬حأخز اٌص‪١‬غت االح‪١‬ت‬
‫اٌحم‪١‬م‪١‬ت‪.‬‬
‫داٌت اٌجزس اٌخشب‪١‬ع‪Square root function ٟ‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬
‫) ( ‪ِٕٚ‬طٍم‪ٙ‬ا ‪٠‬أخز اٌم‪ ُ١‬اٌحم‪١‬م‪١‬ت غ‪١‬ش اٌساٌبت‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ٟ٘ٚ‬اٌذاٌت اٌخ‪ ٟ‬حأخز اٌص‪١‬غت اٌخاٌ‪١‬ت √‬
‫داٌت اٌم‪ ُ١‬اٌ ُّطٍمت ‪Absolute value function‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫) ( ‪ِٕٚ‬طٍم‪ٙ‬ا ‪٠‬أخز اٌم‪ ُ١‬اٌحم‪١‬م‪١‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ٟ٘ٚ‬اٌذاٌت اٌخ‪ ٟ‬حأخز اٌص‪١‬غت االح‪١‬ت | |‬