SBC - Code - 601 Energy Conservation Non-Residential (Desprotegido)

Saudi Energy Conservation Code
Buildings except Low-Rise (Residential) Buildings

SBC 601 - CR
Code Requirements
‫ﻛﻮد ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
2018
Buildings (Except Low-Rise Residential) Energy Conservation Code
SBC 601
Key List of the Saudi Codes: Designations and brief titles
Title Code Req.1 Code &Com.2 Arabic Prov. 3

The General Building Code SBC 201-CR SBC 201-CC SBC 201-AR
Structural – Loading and Forces SBC 301-CR SBC 301-CC SBC 301-AR
Structural – Construction SBC 302- CR SBC 302-AR
Structural – Soil and Foundations SBC 303- CR SBC 303-CC SBC 303-AR
Structural – Concrete Structures SBC 304- CR SBC 304-CC SBC 304-AR
Structural – Masonry Structures SBC 305- CR SBC 305-CC SBC 305-AR
Structural – Steel Structures
Electrical Code SBC 401- CR SBC 401-AR
Mechanical Code SBC 501-CR SBC 501-CC SBC 501-AR
SBC 601-CC SBC 601- AR
Energy Conservation- SBC 601-CR
Nonresidential
Energy Conservation-Residential SBC 602- CR SBC 602- CC SBC 602- AR
Plumbing Code SBC 701- CR SBC 701-CC SBC 701-AR
Private sewage Code SBC 702- CR SBC 702-AR
Fire Code SBC 801- CR SBC 801-CC SBC 801-AR
Existing Buildings Code SBC 901- CR SBC 901-CC SBC 901-AR
Green Construction Code SBC 1001- CR SBC 1001-CC SBC 1001-AR
Residential Building Code* SBC 1101- CR SBC 1101-CC SBC 1101-AR
Fuel Gas Code* SBC 1201- CR SBC 1201-CC SBC 1201-AR
1. CR: Code Requirements without Commentary
2. CC: Code Requirements with Commentary
3. AR: Arabic Code Provisions
* Under Development
COPYRIGHT © 2018
by
The Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC).
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. All intellectual property rights of this Saudi Code are owned by the National
Committee of Saudi Building Code as per the Saudi laws of the intellectual property. No part of this code may
be reproduced, distributed or leased in any form or by any means, including but not limited to publishing on
cloud sites, computer networks or any electronic means of communication, without prior written permission
from the National Committee of the Saudi Building Code. The purchase of an electronic or paper copy does not
exempt the individual or entity from complying with the above limitations.
SBC 601-CR-18 i
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (SBC 601):
1 Eng. Hakam A. Al Aqily Chairman
2 Eng. Wael A. Al Ghamdi Member
3 Eng. Turki M. Al Saif Member
4 Eng. Saeed K. Kadasah Member
5 Eng. Ali S. Al Sahli Member
6 Eng. Abdulrahman A. Al Abdulkarim Member
7 Mr. Adel S. Al Bogame Member
8 Dr. Abdulhameed A. Al Ohaly Member
9 Eng. Bashir S. Al Luqmanei Member
10 Eng. Mohammed F. Al Arwan Member
11 Eng. Turki M. Al Obaid Member
12 Eng. Bassel F. Al Sultan Member
13 Eng. Ayman Youssef Member
SAUDI BUILDING CODE NATIONAL COMMITTEE (SBCNC) 14 Eng. Sami M. Al Zahrani Member
15 Eng. Akram A. Al Fawaz Member
1 H. E. Dr. Saad O. AlKasabi Chairman
2 Dr. Naif M. Alabbadi Vice Chairman
3 Dr. Abdulrahman G. Al-enizi Member
REVIEW COMMITTEE:
4 Engr. Saeed K. Kadasah Member
5 Dr. Hassan S. Alhazmi Member 1 Dr. Naif M. Alabbadi Chairman
6 Engr. Badr S. AL-maayoof Member 2 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Member
7 Engr. Fayez A. Alghamdi Member 3 Dr. Abdulrahman G. Al-enizi Member
8 Engr. Mohammed A. Alwaily Member 4 Engr. Saeed K. Kadasah Member
9 Dr. Bandar S. Alkahlan Member
5 Engr. Tawifik I. Aljrayed Member
10 Engr. Ahmad N. Hassan Member
11 Engr. Abdulnasser S. Alabdullatif Member
12 Dr. Hani M. Zahran Member REVIEWAL SUPPORT:
13 Engr. Khalifa S. Alyahyai Member
Engr. Fawaz Abdullah Alowedi Eng. Mohamad Al-Wathaifi
14 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Member
15 Dr. Ibrahim O. Habiballah Member
16 Dr. Saeed A. Asiri Member TECHNICAL EDITING COMMITTEE:
17 Dr. Abdallah M. Al-Shehri Member
18 Engr. Saad S. Shuail Member 1 Prof. Ahmed B. Shuraim Chairman
2 Dr. Abdallah M. Al-Shehri Member
ADVISORY COMMITTEE : 3 Engr. Tawifik I. Aljrayed Member
1 Dr. Khaled M. Aljammaz Chairman
2 Eng. Khalifa S. Alyahyai Vice Chairman
EDITORIAL SUPPORT:
3 Dr. Hani M. Zahran Member
4 Prof. Ali A. Shash Member Dr. Fahid Aslam Dr. Mubashir Aziz
5 Prof. Ahmed B. Shuraim Member Dr. Aun Bashir Engr. Abdullah S. Alghamdi
6 Dr. Khalid M. Wazira Member Engr. Majed K. Alqahtani Engr. Abdulrahman M. Alshaikhi
7 Dr. Abdulhameed A. Al Ohaly Member
8 Dr. Hamza A. Ghulman Member
9 Engr. Hakam A. Al-Aqily Member
10 Prof. Saleh F. Magram Member
11 Engr. Nasser M. Al-Dossari Member
12 Dr. Waleed H. Khushefati Member
13 Dr. Waleed M. Abanomi Member
14 Dr. Fahad S. Al-Lahaim Member
SBC 601-CR-18 ii
PREFACE
PREFACE
The Saudi Energy Conservation Code (SBC 601) provides minimum energy efficiency requirements for all
types of buildings, with the exception of low-rise residential buildings, in Saudi Arabia. SBC 601 addresses
energy conservation requirements for all aspects of energy used in residential construction, including heating
and ventilating, lighting, water heating, and power usage for appliances and building systems. SBC 602 sets
forth minimum requirements for exterior envelope insulation, window and door U-factors and SHGC ratings,
duct insulation, lighting and power efficiency, and water distribution insulation.
The Saudi Energy Conservation Code (SBC 601) was produced by Saudi Energy Efficiency Center (SEEC)
under the supervision of Saudi Building Code National Committee (SBCNC). The SEEC has referred several
international codes, local reports, and many research articles during the preparation of this Code.
The committees responsible for SBC 601 Code and its user manual have taken all precautions to avoid
ambiguities, omissions, and errors in the document. Despite these efforts, the users of SBC 601 may find
information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete. The
SBCNC alone possesses the authority and responsibility for updating, modifying and interpreting the Code.
It is a common assumption that engineering knowledge is a prerequisite in understanding code provisions and
requirements; thus, the code is oriented towards individuals who possess the background knowledge to evaluate
the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations. They shall be able to determine the
applicability of all regulatory limitations before applying the Code and must comply with all applicable laws
and regulations.
The user manual provides the technical background and intent behind various requirements of the Code. The
user manual, however, is advisory only and shall not be considered as mandatory part of the code.
The requirements related to administration and enforcement of this Code are advisory only. SBCNC and
governmental organizations, in charge of enforcing this Code, possess the authority to modify these
administrative requirements.
SBC 601-CR-18 iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I -CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR SBC 601 ...............................................................................................1

CHAPTER 1— PURPOSE ...................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2— SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 3— DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND SYMBOLS ..........................................4
CHAPTER 4— ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT................................................................................9
CHAPTER 5— BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. 11
CHAPTER 6— HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING .......................................................... 24
CHAPTER 7— SERVICE WATER HEATING .................................................................................................. 46
CHAPTER 8— INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS ....................................................... 49
CHAPTER 9— LIGHTING ................................................................................................................................ 73
CHAPTER 10— OTHER EQUIPMENT............................................................................................................. 88
CHAPTER 11— CLIMATIC DATA ................................................................................................................... 90
CHAPTER 12— POWER .................................................................................................................................. 92
CHAPTER 13— NORMATIVE REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 93
CHAPTER 14— INFORMATIVE REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 97
SBC 601-CR-18 iv
Code Requirements for SBC 601
SBC 601-CR-18 1
CHAPTER 1—PURPOSE
CHAPTER 1—PURPOSE
The purpose of this Code is to provide

minimum requirements for the energy-efficient
design of buildings, other than low-rise
residential buildings, in Saudi Arabia.
SBC 601-CR-18 2
CHAPTER 2—SCOPE
CHAPTER 2—SCOPE
2.1 Scope: This Code provides minimum

energy-efficiency requirements for the design
and construction of
a. new buildings and their systems
b. where explicitly specified
1 new portions of buildings and their
systems
2 new systems and equipment in existing
buildings.
2.2 Buildings: For the purposes of this

Code, “buildings” applies to all buildings
except:
a. single-family houses, multi-family
structures (of three stories or fewer
above grade), and modular houses, and
b. buildings that do not use electricity or
fossil fuel.
2.3 Exception: This Code shall not be

used to abridge any safety, health, or
environmental requirements.
SBC 601-CR-18 3
CHAPTER 3—DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND SYMBOLS
CHAPTER 3—DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS,

AND SYMBOLS
fenestration area is the daylight opening area.

3.1 General. For all other doors, the fenestration area is the
These terms, abbreviations, and acronyms are door area.
applicable to all sections of this Code. Area of all floor assemblies: interior surface
Definitions as contained in ASHRAE area of such assemblies that enclose
Terminology1 shall apply to all terms in this
conditioned space.
Code unless specifically listed here.
Area of all opaque wall assemblies: gross
3.2 Definitions area of exterior walls measured on the exterior
Above-grade wall: see walls. consisting of all opaque wall areas (including
foundation walls, between-floor spandrels,
Air-cleaning system: a device or combination peripheral edges of floors, etc.) that enclose
of devices applied to reduce the concentration conditioned space (including interstitial areas).
of airborne contaminants, such as
microorganisms, dusts, fumes, respirable Assembly: portion of an envelope component
particles, other particulate matter, gases, represented by an arrangement and
and/or vapors in air. connection of building construction materials
with a specific thermal transmittance or thermal
Air conditioning: the process of treating air to conductance.
meet the requirements of a conditioned space
by controlling its temperature, humidity, Below-grade wall: see walls.
cleanliness, and distribution. Breathing zone: the region within an occupied
Air films: interior and exterior air surface film space between planes 75 and 1800 mm above
coefficients for summer design conditions. the floor and more than 600 mm from the walls
or fixed air-conditioning equipment.
Area of all door assemblies: opaque area of
such assemblies (including the frame) that Building envelope: the exterior plus the semi-
enclose conditioned space. For doors where exterior portions of a building. For the purposes
the daylight opening area is greater than or of determining building envelope requirements,
equal to 50% of the door area, the entire area the classifications are defined as follows:
of the door assembly is considered
fenestration area. ▪ Building envelope, exterior: the
elements of a building that separate
Area of all exterior walls (gross): exterior conditioned spaces from the exterior.
surface area of the following assemblies that
enclose conditioned space: opaque wall ▪ Building envelope, semi-exterior: the
assemblies, including between-floor spandrels elements of a building that separate
and peripheral edges of flooring; fenestration conditioned space from unconditioned
assemblies, including all glazed surfaces and space or partially conditioned spaces.
sash and framing elements; and door C-factor (thermal conductance): time rate of
assemblies. Areas of vents, grilles, and pipes steady-state heat flow through unit area of a
are excluded. material or construction, induced by a unit
Area of all fenestration assemblies: interior temperature difference between the body
surface area of such assemblies including all surfaces. Unit of C is W/m2•°C. Note that the
glazed surfaces (such as windows, skylights, C-factor does not include soil or air films.
and sliding glass doors), sashes, curbing, or Cognizant authority: an agency or
framing elements that enclose conditioned organization, such as the authority having
space. For doors where the daylight opening jurisdiction or MoMRA, that has the expertise
area is less than 50% of the door area, the
SBC 601-CR-18 4
and jurisdiction to establish and regulate ▪ light: a cooking process requiring an

concentration limits for airborne contaminants; exhaust airflow rate of less than 310
or an agency or organization that is recognized L/s/m for capture, containment, and
as authoritative and has the scope and removal of the cooking effluent.
expertise to establish guidelines, limit values,
or concentrations levels for airborne ▪ medium: a cooking process requiring
contaminants. an exhaust airflow rate of 310 to 460
Concentration: the quantity of one constituent L/s/m for capture, containment, and
dispersed in a defined amount of another. removal of the cooking effluent.
Conditioned space: an enclosed space within ▪ heavy: a cooking process requiring an

a building that is provided with mechanical exhaust airflow rate of 460 to 620 L/s/m
cooling. for capture, containment, and removal
of the cooking effluent.
Contaminant: an unwanted airborne
constituent that may reduce acceptability of the ▪ extra-heavy: a cooking process
air. requiring an exhaust airflow rate
greater than 620 L/s/m for capture,
▪ Continuous air barrier: the containment, and removal of the
combination of interconnected cooking effluent.
materials, assemblies and sealed joints
and components of the building Exfiltration: uncontrolled outward air leakage
envelope that minimize air leakage into from conditioned spaces through unintentional
or out of the building envelope. openings in ceilings, floors, and walls to
unconditioned spaces or the outdoors caused
▪ Continuous insulation (c.i.): by pressure differences across these openings
insulation that is continuous across all due to wind, inside-outside temperature
structural members without thermal differences (stack effect), and imbalances
bridges other than fasteners and between supply and exhaust airflow rates.
service openings. It is installed on the
interior or exterior or is integral to any F-factor: the perimeter heat loss factor for
opaque surface of the building slab-on-grade floors, expressed in W/m•°C.
envelope. Fenestration: all skylights, roof windows,
Duplex (townhouse): a building not more than vertical windows (whether fixed or moveable),
three stories in height consisting of multiple opaque doors, glazed doors, glass block, and
single-family dwelling units, constructed in a combination opaque/glazed doors.
group of three or more attached units in which Floor, envelope: that lower portion of the
each unit extends from foundation to roof and building envelope, including opaque area and
with open space on at least two sides. fenestration, that has conditioned or partially
Envelope component: major section of the conditioned space above and is horizontal or
entire envelope, such as the opaque walls tilted at an angle of less than 60 degrees from
above grade, ceilings, slabs, floors, glazings, horizontal but excluding slab-on-grade floors.
doors, or walls below grade. For the purposes of determining building
envelope requirements, the classifications are
Equipment (appliance) duty level: a rating defined as follows:
category based upon the exhaust airflow
required to capture, contain, and remove ▪ Mass floor: a floor with a heat capacity
cooking effluent under typical operating that exceeds 143 kJ/m2•°C or 102
conditions with a non-engineered wall- kJ/m2•°C provided that the floor has a
mounted canopy hood. This is different from material unit mass not greater than
the historical approach, in which duty levels 1920 kg/m3.
were based upon the temperature of the
cooking surface. The following appliance duty ▪ Steel-joist floor: a floor that (1) is not
classifications are used in this Code: a mass floor and (2) that has steel joist
members supported by structural
members.
SBC 601-CR-18 5
▪ Other floors: all other floor types. are considered to be part of the net occupiable
area.
(See building envelope, fenestration,
opaque area, and slab-on-grade floor). Occupiable space: an enclosed space
intended for human activities, excluding those
Floor area, gross: the sum of the floor areas spaces that are intended primarily for other
of the spaces within the building, including purposes, such as storage rooms and
basements, mezzanine and intermediate- equipment rooms, and that are only occupied
floored tiers, and penthouses with a headroom occasionally and for short periods of time.
height of 2.3 m or greater. It is measured from
the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the odor: a quality of gases, liquids, or particles
centerline of walls separating buildings, but that stimulates the olfactory organ.
excluding covered walkways, open roofed-over opaque: all exposed areas of a building
areas, porches and similar spaces, pipe envelope which enclose conditioned space,
trenches, exterior terraces or steps, roof except openings for windows, skylights, doors
overhangs, and similar features. and building service systems.
▪ gross building envelope floor area: projection factor (PF): the ratio of the
the gross floor area of the building horizontal depth of the external shading
envelope, but excluding slab-on-grade projection divided by the sum of the height of
floors. the fenestration and the distance from the top
of the fenestration to the bottom of the farthest
▪ gross conditioned floor area: the point of the external shading projection, in
gross floor area of conditioned spaces. consistent units.
▪ gross lighted floor area: the gross readily accessible: capable of being reached
floor area of lighted spaces. quickly for operation without requiring those for
whom ready access is required to climb over or
Infiltration: uncontrolled inward air leakage to remove obstacles or to resort to portable
conditioned spaces through unintentional ladders, chairs, or other climbing aids.
openings in ceilings, floors, and walls from
unconditioned spaces or the outdoors caused roof: the upper portion of the building
by the same pressure differences that induce envelope, including opaque areas and
exfiltration. Infiltration is not an acceptable fenestration, that is horizontal or tilted at an
means of ventilation, see ventilation. angle of less than 60° from horizontal.
Mashrabiya: latticework used to cover the shall: term used to indicate provisions that are
outside of windows. mandatory if compliance with the Code is
claimed.
Mechanical ventilation: ventilation provided
by mechanically powered equipment, such as semi-exterior building envelope: see
motor-driven fans and blowers, but not by building envelope
devices such as wind-driven turbine ventilators single-family house: building containing one
and mechanically operated windows. or two living units or a townhouse, including a
Multi-family structure: building of three modular house. Requirements are presented
stories or fewer above grade containing three in SBC602 Low-Rise (Residential) Building
or more living units other than townhouses, Energy Conservation Section.
including a manufactured building (modular). skylight effective aperture: the overall
Net occupiable area: the floor area of an amount of visible transmittance of the roof via
occupiable space defined by the inside skylights. Skylight effective aperture is
surfaces of its walls but excluding shafts, calculated according to the following formula:
column enclosures, and other permanently Skylight Effective Aperture = (0.85 ∗
enclosed, inaccessible, and unoccupiable 𝑠𝑘𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∗ 𝑠𝑘𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑉 𝑇 ∗ 𝑊𝐹)/
areas. Obstructions in the space such as 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑘𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
furnishings, display or storage racks, and other
obstructions, whether temporary or permanent, where:
SBC 601-CR-18 6
skylight area = total fenestration area of mechanical ventilation are not considered
skylights enclosed spaces.
skylight VT = area weighted average visible Space-conditioning category: nonresidential
transmittance of skylights as determined in conditioned, residential conditioned, and
accordance with Section 5.8.2.5. semiconditioned space.
WF = area weighted average well factor, where Thermal conductance: see C-factor.
well factor is 0.9 if light well depth is less than
Thermal resistance (R-value): the reciprocal
0.6 m, or 0.7 if light well depth is 0.6 m or
of thermal conductance. Unit of R is m2•°C /W.
greater
Thermal transmittance: see U-factor.
Light well depth is measured vertically from the
underside of the lowest point on the skylight Townhouse: see duplex.
glazing to the ceiling plane under the skylight. U-factor (thermal transmittance): heat
Slab-on-grade floor: that portion of a slab transmission in unit time through unit area of a
floor of the building envelope that is in contact material or construction and the boundary air
with the ground and that is either above grade films, induced by unit temperature difference
or is less than or equal to 305 mm below the between the environments on each side. Unit
final elevation of the nearest exterior grade. of U is W/m2•°C.
Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC): the ratio Unconditioned space: space within a building
of the solar heat gain entering the space that is not conditioned space (see conditioned
through the fenestration area to the incident space).
solar radiation, and has a value between 0 and vapor retarder: see water vapor retarder.
1. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted
solar heat and absorbed solar radiation, which Ventilation: the process of supplying air to or
is then reradiated, conducted, or convicted into removing air from a space for the purpose of
the space. (See fenestration area.) controlling air contaminant levels, humidity, or
temperature within the space. Ventilation must
Solar reflectance index (SRI): an index which be provided through a specific electro-
accounts for both solar reflectance and thermal mechanical system.
emittance of an opaque surface, and has a
value between 0 and 100. Ventilation zone: any indoor area that
requires ventilation and consists of one or
Space: an enclosed space within a building. more occupiable spaces with similar
The classifications of spaces are as follows for occupancy category (see Tables 8.2, 8.3, and
the purpose of determining building envelope 8.6), occupant density, zone air distribution
requirements: effectiveness (see Section 8.4.2.2.2), and zone
Conditioned space: a cooled space, heated primary airflow (see Section 8.4.2.5.1) per unit
space, or semiconditioned space defined as area.
follows: Note: A ventilation zone is not necessarily an
(a) cooled space: an enclosed space within a independent thermal control zone; however, spaces
building that is cooled by a cooling system. that can be combined for load calculation purposes
can often be combined into a single zone for
(b) heated space: an enclosed space within a
ventilation calculations purposes.
building that is heated by a heating system.
Volume, space: the total volume of an
(c) semiconditioned space: an enclosed space
occupiable space enclosed by the building
within a building that is not a heated space
envelope, plus that of any spaces permanently
or a cooled space, but which is heated or
open to the occupiable space, such as a ceiling
cooled indirectly by being connected to
attic used as a ceiling return plenum.
adjacent space(s).
walls: those portions of the building envelope
Unconditioned space: an enclosed space
that are vertical or tilted at an angle of 30° or
within a building that is not a conditioned space
less from the vertical plane.
or a semiconditioned space. Crawlspaces,
attics, and parking garages with natural or
SBC 601-CR-18 7
▪ above-grade: all the exterior walls of HID = high-intensity

any given story if 50% or more of the discharge
gross exterior wall area of the story is HVAC = heating, ventilating,
exposed to outside air. and air conditioning
IEC = International
▪ below-grade: all the exterior walls of
Electrotechnical Commission
any given story if more than 50% of the
gross exterior wall area of the story is
ISO = International
below grade. Organization for Standardization
kg = kilogram
▪ mass wall: a wall constructed of kJ = kilojoule
concrete, concrete masonry, insulating kW = kilowatt
concrete form (ICF), masonry cavity, lin = linear
brick (other than brick veneer), or earth LPD = lighting power density
(adobe, compressed earth block, m = meter
rammed earth).
MoMRA = Saudi Arabia Ministry
Water vapor retarder: material or construction of Municipal and Rural Affairs
that adequately impedes the transmission of NFPA = National Fire
water vapor under specified conditions. Water Protection Association or equivalent
vapor retarders have a water vapor permeance associations
of less than 0.006 μg/Pa⋅s⋅m2 when tested in
NFRC = National Fenestration
accordance with ASTM E962.
Rating Council
Zone: a separately controlled heated or cooled R = thermal resistance
space within a building. Rc= thermal resistance of a material or
3.3 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and construction from
Symbols surface to surface
Ru= total thermal resistance of a material or
A = area of a specific construction including
building component air film resistances
ach = air changes per hour SC = shading coefficient
AHRI = Air-Conditioning, SHG = solar heat gain
Heating and Refrigeration Institute SHGC = solar heat gain coefficient
ANSI = American National SI = Systéme International
Standards Institute d’Unites
ASHRAE = American Society of SMACNA = Sheet Metal and Air
Heating, Refrigerating Conditioning Contractors’ National
and Air-Conditioning Association
Engineers, Inc. UL = Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or
ASTM = American Society for equivalent associations
Testing and Materials or VAV = variable-air-volume
equivalent associations VT = visible transmittance (also known as
C = thermal conductance VLT, visible light
°C = Celsius transmittance)
c.i. = continuous insulation U = thermal transmittance
COP = coefficient of W = watt
performance Wh = watt-hour
DDC = direct digital control 2
W/m = watts per square meter
DOE = U.S. Department of W/m2•°C = watts per square meter per degree
Energy Celsius
EF = energy factor
SBC 601-CR-18 8
CHAPTER 4—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
CHAPTER 4—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
4.1 General The provisions of this Code are not intended to

4.1.1 Scope prevent the use of any material, method of
construction, design, equipment, or building
4.1.1.1 New Buildings. system not specifically prescribed herein.
New buildings shall comply with the Code as 4.1.4 Validity.
described in Section 4.2.
If any term, part, provision, section, paragraph,
4.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings. subdivision, table, chart, or referenced
An extension or increase in the floor area or standard of this Code shall be held invalid, or
height of a building outside of the existing ineffective, in whole or in part, such
building envelope shall be considered determination shall not be deemed to
additions to existing buildings and shall comply invalidate any remaining term, part, provision,
with the Code as described in Section 4.2. section, paragraph, subdivision, table, chart, or
referenced standard of this Code.
4.1.1.3 Alterations of Existing Buildings:
Alterations of existing buildings shall comply 4.1.5 Other Laws.
with the Code as described in Section 4.2. If there is a conflict between a requirement of
4.1.1.4 Replacement of Portions of Existing this Code and such other law affecting
Buildings: construction of the building, precedence shall
be determined by the respective local
Portions of a building envelope, heating, authority.
ventilating, air-conditioning, power, lighting,
and other systems and equipment that are 4.1.6 Referenced Standards.
being replaced shall be considered as The standards referenced in this Code shall be
Alterations of Existing Buildings and shall considered part of the requirements of this
comply with the Code as described in Section Code to the prescribed extent of such
4.2. reference. Where differences occur between
4.1.1.5 Changes in Space Conditioning. the provision of this Code and referenced
standards, the provisions of this Code shall
Whenever unconditioned space in a building is apply. Where relative SASO standards exist,
converted to conditioned spaces, such they shall apply and have precedence.
conditioned space shall be brought into
compliance with all the applicable 4.1.7 Normative Appendices.
requirements of this Code that would apply to The normative appendices to this Code are
the building envelope, heating, ventilating, air- considered to be integral parts of the
conditioning, lighting, and other systems and mandatory requirements of this Code, but for
equipment of the space as if the building were reasons of convenience, are included in the
new. user’s manual.
4.1.2 Administrative Requirements. 4.1.8 Informative Appendices.
Administrative requirements relating to permit The informative appendices to this Code and
requirements, enforcement by the authority informative notes located within this Code
having jurisdiction, locally adopted energy contain additional information and are not
codes, interpretations, claims of exemption, mandatory or part of this Code.
and rights of appeal are specified by the
MoMRA. 4.2 Compliance
4.1.3 Alternative Materials, Methods of 4.2.1 Compliance Paths
Construction, or Design.
SBC 601-CR-18 9
CHAPTER 4—
4.2.1.1 New Buildings: 4.2.3 Labeling of Material and Equipment.

New buildings shall comply with the provisions Materials and equipment shall be labeled in a
of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. manner that will allow for a determination of
4.2.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings: their compliance with the applicable provisions
of this Code.
Additions to existing buildings shall comply
with the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 4.2.4 Inspections.
10. All building construction, additions, or
4.2.1.3 Alterations of Existing Buildings: alterations subject to the provisions of this
Code shall be subject to inspection by the
Alterations of existing buildings shall comply building official or his designee, and all such
with the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and work shall remain accessible and exposed for
10, provided, however that nothing in this Code inspection purposes until approved in
shall require compliance with any provision of accordance with the procedures specified by
this Code if such compliance will result in the the building official or his designee. Items for
increase of energy consumption of the inspection include at least the following holding
building. points:
4.2.2 Compliance Documentation a. wall insulation after the
4.2.2.1 Construction Details. insulation and vapor retarder are
in place but before concealment,
Compliance documents shall show all the
pertinent data and features of the building,
b. roof/ceiling insulation after
equipment, and systems in sufficient detail to roof/insulation is in place but
permit a determination of compliance by the before concealment,
building official or his designee and to indicate c. slab/foundation wall after
compliance with the requirements of this Code. slab/foundation insulation is in
place but before concealment,
4.2.2.2 Supplemental Information.
d. fenestration after all glazing
Supplemental information necessary to verify materials are in place,
compliance with this Code, such as e. continuous air barrier after
calculations, worksheets, compliance forms, installation but before
vendor literature, or other data, shall be made
concealment,
available when required by the building official
or his designee. f. mechanical systems and
equipment and insulation after
4.2.2.3 Manuals. installation but before
Operating and maintenance information shall concealment,
be provided to the building owner in Arabic g. electrical equipment and
language, or Arabic and English. This systems after installation but
information shall include, but not be limited to, before concealment.
the information specified in Sections 6.7.2.2,
8.6.2, and 9.7.2.2.
SBC 601-CR-18 10
CHAPTER 5—BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS
5.1 General (d) alterations to walls and floors, where the

existing structure is without framing
5.1.1 Scope. cavities and no new framing cavities are
Section 5 specifies requirements for the created,
building envelope.
(e) replacement of a roof membrane where
5.1.2 Space-Conditioning Categories. either the roof sheathing or roof insulation
5.1.2.1 Separate exterior building envelope is not exposed or, if there is existing roof
requirements are specified for each of three insulation, below the roof deck,
categories of conditioned space: (f) replacement of existing doors that separate
conditioned space from the exterior shall
(a) nonresidential conditioned space, (b)
not require the installation of a vestibule or
residential conditioned space, and (c) revolving door, provided, however, that an
semiconditioned space. existing vestibule that separates a
5.1.2.2 The minimum skylight area conditioned space from the exterior shall
requirements in Section 5.5.4.2.3 are also not be removed,
specified for unconditioned spaces. (g) replacement of existing fenestration,
5.1.2.3 Spaces shall be assumed to be provided, however, that the area of the
conditioned replacement fenestration does not exceed
25% of the total fenestration area of an
spaces and shall comply with the requirements existing building and that the U-factor and
for conditioned space at the time of SHGC will be equal to or lower than before
construction, regardless of whether the fenestration replacement.
mechanical or electrical equipment is included
in the building permit application or installed at 5.1.4 Saudi Arabia Climate.
that time. Determine the climate zone for the location,
5.1.3 Envelope Alterations. using Figure 11.1 or Table 11.1 in Section 11
to determine the required climate zone.
Alterations to the building envelope shall
comply with the requirements of Section 5 for 5.2 Compliance Path
insulation, air leakage, and fenestration
5.2.1 Compliance.
applicable to those specific portions of the
building that are being altered. In Saudi Arabia, space-conditioning category,
and class of construction, the building
Exceptions: The following alterations need not
envelope shall comply with Section 5.1,
comply with these requirements, provided such
General; Section 5.4, Mandatory Provisions;
alterations will not increase the energy usage of the
Section 5.5, Prescriptive Building Envelope;
building:
Section 5.7, Submittals; and Section 5.8,
(a) installation of storm windows over existing Product Information and Installation
glazing, Requirements; and for the Prescriptive
(b) replacement of glazing in existing sash and Building Envelope, specifically include that:
frame provided the U-factor and SHGC 1 the U value for vertical fenestration
will be equal to or lower than before the meet the assembly maximum U value
glass replacement, requirement based on its percentage of
the gross wall area for each space-
(c) alterations to roof/ceiling, wall, or floor
cavities, which are insulated to full depth conditioning category and,
with insulation having a minimum nominal
value of R-0.02 m2•°C /W/mm.
SBC 601-CR-18 11
2 the skylight fenestration area does not wrapped, sealed, caulked, gasketed, or taped
exceed 5% of the gross roof area for in an approved manner to minimize air
each space-conditioning category. leakage:
5.3 Reserved (a) Joints around fenestration and door frames
(both manufactured and site-built).
5.4 Mandatory Provisions
(b) Junctions between walls and floors,
5.4.1 Insulation. between walls at building corners, between
Where insulation is required in Section 5.5, it walls and roofs or ceilings.
shall comply with the requirements found in (c) Penetrations through the air barrier in
Sections 5.8.1.1 through 5.8.1.10. building envelope roofs, walls, and floors.
5.4.2 Fenestration and Doors. (d) Building assemblies used as ducts or
Procedures for determining fenestration and plenums.
door performance are described in Section (e) Joints, seams, connections between planes,
5.8.2. Product samples used for determining and other changes in air barrier materials.
fenestration performance shall be production
line units or representative of units purchased 5.4.3.1.3 Acceptable Materials and
by the consumer or contractor, and shall be in Assemblies.
conformance with local standards. Continuous air barrier materials and
5.4.3 Air Leakage. assemblies for the opaque building envelope
shall comply with one of the following
5.4.3.1 Continuous Air Barrier. requirements:
The entire building envelope shall be designed (a) Materials that have an air permeance not
and constructed with a continuous air barrier. exceeding 0.02 L/s-m2 under a pressure
Exceptions to 5.4.3.1: differential of 75 Pa when tested in
accordance with ASTM E21783 or
(a) Semiconditioned spaces. equivalent, with a relevant SASO standard
5.4.3.1.1 Air Barrier Design. having precedence.
The air barrier shall be designed and noted in The following materials meet the
the following manner: requirements of 5.4.3.1.3 a:
(a) All air barrier components of each building 1 Extruded polystyrene insulation
envelope assembly shall be clearly board—minimum 12 mm
identified or otherwise noted on 2 Foil-faced urethane insulation board—
construction documents. minimum 12 mm
3 Exterior gypsum sheathing or interior
(b) The joints, interconnections, and gypsum board—minimum 12 mm
penetrations of the air barrier components 4 Cement board—minimum 12 mm
including lighting fixtures shall be detailed 5 Built up roofing membrane
or otherwise noted. 6 Modified bituminous roof membrane
(c) The continuous air barrier shall extend over 7 Fully adhered single-ply roof
all surfaces of the building envelope (at the membrane
lowest floor, exterior walls, and ceiling or 8 Portland cement/sand parge, stucco, or
roof). gypsum plaster— minimum 12 mm
thick
(d) The continuous air barrier shall be designed 9 Cast-in-place and precast concrete.
to resist positive and negative pressures 10 Sheet metal.
from wind, stack effect, and mechanical 11 Closed cell 32 kg/m3 nominal density
ventilation. spray polyurethane foam—minimum
5.4.3.1.2 Air Barrier Installation 25 mm
The following areas of the continuous air (b) Assemblies of materials and components
barrier in the building envelope shall be (sealants, tapes, etc.) that have an average
SBC 601-CR-18 12
air leakage not to exceed 0.2 L/s-m2 under a pressure of at least 300 Pa in accordance
a pressure differential of 75 Pa when tested with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S/A4408,
in accordance with ASTM E23574, ASTM or equivalent.
E16775, SASO/ASTM E16806,
7 Exceptions:
SASO/ASTM E283 , or equivalent, with a
relevant SASO standard having (a) Field-fabricated fenestration and doors.
precedence. The following assemblies meet (b) Metal coiling doors in semiconditioned
the requirements of 5.4.3.1.3 b.1. Concrete spaces.
masonry walls that are:
5.4.3.3 Loading Dock Weatherseals.
i. Fully grouted, or
ii. Painted to fill the pores. Cargo doors and loading dock doors shall be
equipped with weatherseals to restrict
5.4.3.2 Fenestration and Doors. infiltration when vehicles are parked in the
Air leakage for fenestration and doors shall be doorway.
determined in accordance with 5.4.3.4 Vestibules.
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A4408, NFRC
4009, SASO/ASTM E2837 or equivalent, with a Building entrances that separate conditioned
relevant SASO standard having precedence, space from the exterior shall be protected with
as specified below. Air leakage shall be labeled an enclosed vestibule, with all doors opening
and certified by the manufacturer. into and out of the vestibule equipped with self-
closing devices. Vestibules shall be designed
Air leakage shall not exceed: so that in passing through the vestibule it is not
(a) 18.3 m3/h × m2 for glazed swinging necessary for the interior and exterior doors to
entrance doors and revolving doors, tested open at the same time. Interior and exterior
at a pressure of at least 75 Pa in accordance doors shall have a minimum distance between
with AAMA/WDMA/CSA them of not less than 2.1m when in the closed
101/I.S.2/A4408, NFRC 4009, SASO position. The floor area of each vestibule shall
E2837, or equivalent. not exceed either 5 m2 or 2% of the gross
conditioned floor area for that level of the
(b) 1.1 m3/h × m2 for curtainwall and storefront
building. The exterior envelope of conditioned
glazing, tested at a pressure of at least 75 Pa
vestibules shall comply with the requirements
or higher in accordance with NFRC 4009,
for a conditioned space. The interior and
SASO E2837, or equivalent.
exterior envelope of unconditioned vestibules
(c) 5.5 m3/h × m2 for unit skylights having shall comply with the requirements for a
condensation weepage openings, when semiconditioned space.
tested at a pressure of at least 75 Pa in
Exceptions:
accordance with AAMA/WDMA/CSA
101/I.S.2/A4408, NFRC 4009, or (a) Building entrances with revolving doors.
3 2
equivalent, or 9.1 m /h × m when tested at (b) Doors not intended to be used as a building
a pressure of at least 300 Pa in accordance entrance.
with AAMA/WDMA/CSA
101/I.S.2/A4408, or equivalent. (c) Doors opening directly from a dwelling
unit.
(d) 7.3 m3/h × m2 for nonswinging opaque
doors and glazed sectional garage doors, (d) Building entrances in buildings located in
tested at a pressure of at least 75 Pa or Climate Zone 3.
higher in accordance with ANSI/DASMA (e) Building entrances in buildings that are less
10510, NFRC 4009, or SASO E2837, or than 930 m2 in area.
equivalent.
(f) Doors that open directly from a space that
(e) 3.7 m3/h × m2 for all other products when is less than 280 m2 in area and is separate
tested at a pressure of at least 75 Pa in from the building entrance.
accordance with AAMA/WDMA/CSA
101/I.S.2/A4408, NFRC 4009, or
3 2
equivalent, or 5.5 m /h × m when tested at
SBC 601-CR-18 13
5.5 Prescriptive Building Envelope materials of construction added to the

minimum insulation R value is the reciprocal of
5.5.1 For a conditioned space, the the overall U value. The U value is the
exterior building envelope shall comply mandatory target to be achieved
with the requirements in Table 5.1.
5.5.2 If a building contains any
Note, That for Table 5.1, the U value is a unconditioned space, then the semi-
maximum overall that includes air films and exterior building envelope shall comply
other materials of construction as applicable.
with the requirements for semiconditioned
The R values of the air films and other
space in Table 5.1. (see Figure 5.1)
Exterior Envelope Exterior Envelope

Semi-Exterior
Envelope
Ventilated Attic Semiconditioned Storage
Conditioned
Space
Unconditioned Ventilated
Space Crawlspace
Figure 5.1 Envelope Components and Space Types

(b) For multiple assemblies within a single
5.5.3 Opaque Areas. class of construction for a single space-
For all opaque surfaces except doors, conditioning category, compliance shall be
compliance shall be demonstrated by one of shown for either (1) the most restrictive
the following two methods: requirement or (2) an area-weighted
average U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor.
1 Minimum R-values of the added
insulation in framing cavities and 5.5.3.1 Roof Insulation.
continuous insulation only.
All roofs shall comply with the insulation values
Specifications listed in Normative
specified in Table 5.1.
Appendix A for each class of
construction shall be used to determine Skylight curbs shall be insulated to the level of
compliance. roofs with insulation entirely above deck or R-
2 Maximum U-factor, C-factor or F- 0.9 m2•°C/W, whichever is less.
factor for the entire assembly. The 5.5.3.1.1 Roof Solar Reflectance and
values for typical construction Thermal Emittance. Roofs, shall have one of
assemblies listed in Normative the following:
Appendix A shall be used to determine
compliance. (a) a minimum three-year-aged solar
Exceptions to Section 5.5.3: reflectance of 0.55 and a minimum three-
year aged thermal emittance of 0.75 when
(a) For assemblies significantly different from tested in accordance with CRRC-111
those in Appendix A, calculations shall be Standard or equivalent, with a relevant
performed in accordance with the SASO standard having precedence.
procedures required in Appendix A.
SBC 601-CR-18 14
(b) a minimum Solar Reflectance Index of 64 5.5.3.2 Above-grade Wall Insulation. All above
when determined in accordance with the grade walls shall comply with the insulation
Solar Reflectance Index method in values specified in Table 5.1.
SASO/ASTM E198012 or equivalent, with
Exception: Mass walls with integral insulation
a relevant SASO standard having
shall meet the criteria when their U-factors are
precedence, using a convection coefficient
equal to or less than those for the appropriate
of 12 W/m2•°C, based on three-year-aged
thickness and density in the “Partly Grouted Cells
solar reflectance and three-year-aged
Insulated” column of Table A3.1C.
thermal Emittance tested in accordance
with CRRC-111 Standard or equivalent, When a wall consists of both above-grade and
with a relevant SASO standard having below grade portions, the entire wall for that
precedence. story shall be insulated on either the exterior or
the interior or be integral.
(c) increased roof insulation levels found in
Table 5.2. (a) If insulated on the interior, the wall shall be
insulated to the above-grade wall
Exceptions:
requirements.
(a) Ballasted roofs with a minimum stone
(b) If insulated on the exterior or integral, the
ballast of 74 kg/m2 or 117 kg/m2 pavers.
below-grade wall portion shall be insulated
(b) Vegetated Roof Systems that contain a to the below-grade wall requirements, and
minimum thickness of 63.5 mm of growing the above-grade wall portion shall be
medium and covering a minimum of 75% insulated to the above-grade wall
of the roof area with durable plantings. requirements.
(c) Roofs, where a minimum of 75% of the roof 5.5.3.3 Below-Grade Wall Insulation.
area:
Below-grade walls shall have a rated R-value
1 Is shaded during the peak sun angle on of insulation no less than the insulation values
June 21 by permanent components or specified in Table 5.1.
features of the building,
Exception: Where framing is used, compliance
or shall be based on the maximum assembly C-factor.
2 Is covered by off-set photovoltaic
arrays, building integrated photovoltaic 5.5.3.4 Floor Insulation.
arrays, or solar air or water collectors, All floors shall comply with the insulation
or values specified in Table 5.1.
3 Is permitted to be interpolated using a
combination of parts 1 and 2 above. 5.5.3.5 Slab-on-Grade Floor Insulation.
(d) Steep sloped roofs. All slab-on grade floors, shall comply with the
insulation values specified in Table 5.1.
(e) Low sloped metal building roofs in climate
zones 2 and 3. 5.5.3.6 Opaque Doors.
(f) Roofs over ventilated attics or roofs over All opaque doors shall have a U-factor not
semi-heated spaces or roofs over greater than that specified in Table 5.1.
conditioned spaces that are not cooled 5.5.4 Fenestration
spaces.
5.5.4.1 General.
(g) Asphaltic membranes in climate zones 2
and 3. Compliance with U-factors, SHGC, and VT
shall be demonstrated for the overall
The values for three-year-aged solar fenestration product. Gross wall areas and
reflectance and three-year-aged thermal gross roof areas shall be calculated separately
emittance shall be determined by a laboratory for each space-conditioning category for the
accredited by a nationally recognized purposes of determining compliance.
accreditation organization and shall be labeled
and certified by the manufacturer. Exception: If there are multiple assemblies within
a single class of construction for a single space-
conditioning category, compliance shall be based
SBC 601-CR-18 15
on an area-weighted average U-factor or SHGC or total daylight area under skylights shall be
VT. It is not acceptable to do an area-weighted a minimum of half the floor area and either:
average across multiple classes of construction or
1 provide a minimum skylight area to
multiple space-conditioning categories.
daylight area under skylights of 3%
5.5.4.2 Fenestration Area with a skylight VT of at least 0.40 or
2 provide a minimum skylight effective
5.5.4.2.1 Vertical Fenestration Area.
aperture of at least 1%.
The assembly maximum U value for vertical
These skylights shall have a glazing material
fenestration area shall not greater than that
or diffuser with a measured haze value greater
specified in Table 5.1. While not a specific
than 90% when tested according to ASTM
requirement in Table 5.1, internal and/or
D100313. General lighting in the daylight area
external shading of vertical fenestration is
shall be controlled as described in Section
recommended. The percent vertical
9.4.1.5.
fenestration is calculated as vertical
fenestration area in sq. m times 100 divided by Exceptions to 5.5.4.2.3:
the external gross wall area of the building in
(a) Enclosed spaces with designed general
sq. m. The fenestration area is the rough
lighting power densities less than 5.4
opening, including the frame, sash and other
W/m2.
nonglazed window components. Fenestration
area does not include glass spandrel area, (b) Enclosed spaces where it is documented
which is considered opaque wall. The building that existing structures or natural objects
external gross wall area is the outside block direct beam sunlight on at least half
perimeter of the building multiplied by the of the roof over the enclosed space for more
vertical height from the top of the floor to the than 1,500 daytime hours per year between
bottom of the roof. The gross exterior wall area 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.
includes below-grade as well as above-grade (c) Enclosed spaces where the daylight area
walls. under roof monitors is greater than 50% of
5.5.4.2.2 Skylight Fenestration Area. the enclosed space floor area.
The total skylight area shall not be greater than (d) Enclosed spaces where it is documented
that specified in Table 5.1. that 90% of the skylight area is shaded on
June 21 at noon by permanent architectural
Exception: The total skylight area is permitted to
features of the building.
be increased to no greater than 6% of the gross roof
area provided the skylights meet all of the criteria (e) The required daylight area under skylights
in (a) though (c) of the Exception to Section may be reduced by the amount of primary
5.5.4.4.2 and the total daylight area under skylights sidelighted area with a sidelighting
is a minimum of half the floor area of the space. effective aperture greater than 0.15 and
with general lighting controlled as
5.5.4.2.3 Minimum Skylight Fenestration
described in Section 9.4.1.4 without the use
Area.
of any exceptions in Section 9.4.1.4.
In any enclosed space in a building that is four
(f) The required daylight area under skylights
stories or less and that is:
may be reduced by the amount of secondary
(a) 465 m2 and greater and, sidelighted area with a sidelighting
effective aperture greater than 0.30 and
(b) directly under a roof with ceiling height
with general lighting controlled by
greater than 4.6 m, and
continuous daylight dimming.
(c) one of the following space types: office,
5.5.4.3 Fenestration U-Factor.
lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, non-
refrigerated warehouse or storage, Fenestration shall have a U-factor not greater
gymnasium/exercise center, convention than that specified in Table 5.1.
center, automotive service, manufacturing,
5.5.4.4 Fenestration Solar Heat Gain
retail, distribution/sorting area,
Coefficient (SHGC)
transportation, workshop or mosques, the
5.5.4.4.1 SHGC of Vertical Fenestration.
SBC 601-CR-18 16
Vertical fenestration shall have an SHGC not 5.5.4.4.2 SHGC of Skylights.

greater than that specified in Table 5.1.
Skylights shall have an SHGC not greater than
Exceptions: that specified in Table 5.1.
(a) For demonstrating compliance for vertical Exception: Skylights are exempt from SHGC
fenestration shaded by opaque permanent requirements provided they:
projections that will last as long as the
(a) Have a glazing material or diffuser with a
building itself, the SHGC may be reduced
measured haze value greater than 90%
by using the multipliers in Table 5.3
when tested according to ASTM D100313.
(b) For dynamic glazing, the minimum SHGC
(b) Have a Skylight VT greater than 0.40.
shall be used to demonstrate compliance
with this section. Dynamic glazing shall be (c) Have all general lighting in the daylight
considered separately from other vertical area under skylights controlled by
fenestration, and area weighted averaging multilevel photo controls in accordance
with other vertical fenestration that is not with Section 9.4.1.5.
dynamic glazing shall not be permitted. (d) For dynamic glazing, the minimum SHGC
(c) For demonstrating compliance for vertical shall be used to demonstrate compliance
fenestration completely covered by with this section. Dynamic glazing shall be
mashrabiya the fenestration SHGC may be considered separately from other vertical
multiplied by the mashrabiya fractional fenestration, and area-weighted averaging
open area to comply with the SHGC in with other vertical fenestration that is not
Table 5.1. dynamic glazing shall not be permitted.
SBC 601-CR-18 17
TABLE 5.1 Building Envelope Requirements for Climate Zone 1 SI

Nonresidential Residential Semiconditioned
Assembly Insulation Assembly Insulation Assembly Insulation
Opaque Elements Max U-Value Min R-Value Max U-Value Min R-Value Max U-Value Min R-Value
W/m2·°C m2·°C/W W/m2·°C m2·°C/W W/m2·°C m2·°C/W
Roofs
Insulation Entirely above Deck U-0.357 R-2.66 c.i U-0.272 R-3.54 c.i U-1.250 R-0.67 c.i
Metal Buildings U-0.369 R-2.57 c.i. U-0.369 R-2.57 c.i. U-0.950 R-0.92 c.i
Attic with Steel Joists U-0.193 R-6.91 U-0.153 R-9.70 U-0.460 R-2.27
Walls, Above-Grade
Mass U-1.191 R-0.60 c.i. U-0.312 R-2.96 c.i. U-1.191 R-0.60 c.i.
Metal Building U-0.193 R-5.04 c.i. U-0.193 R-5.04 c.i. U-0.233 R-4.14 c.i.
Steel-Framed U-0.255 R-3.42 c.i. U-0.255 R-3.42 c.i. U-0.738 R-0.86 c.i.
Walls, Below-Grade
Below-Grade Wall C-1.305 R-0.62 c.i. C-1.305 R-0.62 c.i. C-1.305 R-0.62 c.i.
Floors
Steel-Joist U-0.408 R-1.94 c.i. U-0.408 R-1.94 c.i. U-0.408 R-1.94 c.i.
Slab-On-Grade Floors
Unconditioned F-0.727 R-1.18 f.i. F-0.727 R-1.18 f.i. F-0.727 R-1.18 f.i.
Opaque Doors
Swinging U-2.84 U-2.84 U-2.84
Nonswinging U-5.9 U-5.90 U-5.90
Assembly Assembly Max. Assembly Assembly Max. Assembly Assembly Max.
Fenestration Max U-Value SHGC Max U-Value SHGC Max U-Value SHGC
W/m2·°C W/m2·°C W/m2·°C
Vertical Glazing, 0% to 40% of Wall
Nonmetal framing (all) U-2.89 U-2.89 U-2.89
Metal framing U-2.89 U-2.89 U-2.89
(curtainwall/storefront)d 0.25 0.25 NR
Metal framing (all other) U-2.89 U-2.89 U-2.89
Vertical Glazing, >40% to 50% of Wall
Nonmetal framing U-1.87 U-1.87 U-1.87
Metal framing (entrance door) U-1.87 U-1.87 U-1.87
Skylight with Curb, Glass, % of Roof
0%–2.0% U-11.23 0.36 U-11.23 0.19 U-11.23
NR
2.1%–5.0% U-11.23 0.19 U-11.23 0.16 U-11.23
Skylight with Curb, Plastic, % of Roof
0%–2.0% U-10.78 0.34 U-10.78 0.27 U-10.78
NR
2.1%–5.0% U-10.78 0.27 U-10.78 0.27 U-10.78
Skylight without Curb, All, % of Roof
0%–2.0% U-7.72 0.36 U-7.72 0.19 U-7.72
NR
2.1%–5.0% U-7.72 0.19 U-7.72 0.19 U-7.72
c.i. = continuous insulation
f.i. = fully insulated
SBC 601-CR-18 18

Roofs
Insulation Entirely above Deck U-0.454 R-2.06 c.i. U-0.34 R-2.80 c.i. U-1.590 R-0.49 c.i.
Metal Buildings U-0.471 R-1.99 c.i. U-0.47 R-1.99 c.i. U-1.135 R-0.74 c.i.
Walls, Above-Grade
Walls, Below-Grade
Floors
Opaque Doors
Swinging U-2.84 U-2.84 U-2.84

W/m2·°C W/m2·°C W/m2·°C
0%–2.0% U-11.23 0.36 U-11.23 0.19 U-11.23
NR
2.1%–5.0% U-11.23 0.19 U-11.23 0.16 U-11.23
0%–2.0% U-10.78 0.34 U-10.78 0.27 U-10.78
NR
2.1%–5.0% U-10.78 0.27 U-10.78 0.27 U-10.78
0%–2.0% U-7.72 0.36 U-7.72 0.19 U-7.72
NR
2.1%–5.0% U-7.72 0.19 U-7.72 0.19 U-7.72
SBC 601-CR-18 19

Roofs
Insulation Entirely above Deck U-0.511 R-1.81 c.i. U-0.397 R-2.38 c.i. U-1.759 R-0.42 c.i.
Metal Buildings U-0.528 R-1.76 c.i. U-0.528 R-1.76 c.i. U-1.362 R-0.60 c.i.
Walls, Above-Grade
Mass U-1.588 R-0.39 c.i. U-0.414 R-2.17 c.i U-1.588 R-0.39 c.i.
Walls, Below-Grade
Floors
Opaque Doors
Swinging U-2.84 U-2.84 U-2.84

W/m2·°C W/m2·°C W/m2·°C
0%–2.0% U-11.23 0.36 U-11.23 0.19 U-11.23
NR
2.1%–5.0% U-11.23 0.19 U-11.23 0.16 U-11.23
0%–2.0% U-10.78 0.34 U-10.78 0.27 U-10.78
NR
2.1%–5.0% U-10.78 0.27 U-10.78 0.27 U-10.78
0%–2.0% U-7.72 0.36 U-7.72 0.19 U-7.72
NR
2.1%–5.0% U-7.72 0.19 U-7.72 0.19 U-7.72
SBC 601-CR-18 20
TABLE 5.2 Increased Roof Insulation Levels SI

Residential Non-Residential
Assembly Insulation Assembly Insulation
Opaque Elements Max U-Value Min R-Value Max U-Value Min R-Value
W/m2·°C m2·°C/W W/m2·°C m2·°C/W
Insulation Entirely
Above Deck U-0.17 R- 5.8 U-0.17 R-6.0
Metal Buildings U-0.16 R-6.2
Table 5.3 SHGC Multipliers for Permanent Projections

Projection SHGC Multiplier SHGC Multiplier
Factor (North-Oriented) (all Other Orientations)
0–0.10 1.00 1.00
>0.10–0.20 0.95 0.91
>0.20–0.30 0.91 0.82
>0.30–0.40 0.87 0.74
>0.40–0.50 0.84 0.67
>0.50–0.60 0.81 0.61
>0.60–0.70 0.78 0.56
>0.70–0.80 0.76 0.51
>0.80–0.90 0.75 0.47
>0.90–1.00 0.73 0.44
5.6 Reserved 5.8.1.1 Labeling of Building Envelope

Insulation.
5.7 Submittals
The rated R-value shall be clearly identified by
5.7.1 General an identification mark applied by the
The respective local authority having the manufacturer to each piece of building
jurisdiction will require submittal of compliance envelope insulation.
documentation and supplemental information, Exception:
in accordance with Section 4.2.2 of this When insulation does not have such an
standard. identification mark, the installer of such insulation
5.7.2 Submittal Document Labeling of shall provide a signed and dated certification for the
Space Conditioning Categories. installed insulation listing the type of insulation, the
manufacturer, the rated R-value, and, where
For buildings that contain spaces that will be appropriate, the initial installed thickness, the
only unconditioned, and compliance is sought settled thickness, and the coverage area.
using the "unconditioned" envelope criteria,
such spaces shall be clearly indicated on the 5.8.1.2 Compliance with Manufacturers'
floor plans that are submitted for review. Requirements.
Insulation materials shall be installed in
5.7.3 Visible Transmittance.
accordance with manufacturers'
Test results required in Section 5.8.2.5 for recommendations and in such a manner as to
skylight glazing or diffusers shall be included achieve rated R-value of insulation.
with construction documents submitted with
Exception: Where metal building roof and metal
each application for a permit.
building wall insulation is compressed between the
5.8 Product Information and roof or wall skin and the structure.
Installation Requirements 5.8.1.3 Loose-fill Insulation Limitation.
5.8.1 Insulation
SBC 601-CR-18 21
Open-blown or poured loose-fill insulation shall 5.8.1.7.1 5.8.1.7.1 In attics and

not be used in attic roof spaces when the slope mechanical rooms, a way to access equipment
of the ceiling is more than three in twelve (14 that prevents damaging or compressing the
deg.). insulation shall be provided.
5.8.1.4 Baffles. 5.8.1.7.2 5.8.1.7.2 Foundation vents shall
not interfere with the insulation.
When eave vents are installed, baffling of the
vent openings shall be provided to deflect the 5.8.1.7.3 5.8.1.7.3 Insulation materials in
incoming air above the surface of the ground contact shall have a water absorption
insulation. rate no greater than 0.3% when tested in
accordance with SASO/ASTM C27214.
5.8.1.5 Substantial Contact.
5.8.1.8 Location of Roof Insulation.
Insulation shall be installed in a permanent
manner in substantial contact with the inside The roof insulation shall not be installed on a
surface in accordance with manufacturers' suspended ceiling with removable ceiling
recommendations for the framing system used. panels.
Flexible batt insulation installed in floor cavities
5.8.1.9 Extent of Insulation.
shall be supported in a permanent manner by
supports no greater than 0.6 m on center. Insulation shall extend over the full component
area to the required rated R-value of insulation
Exception:
unless otherwise allowed in Section 5.8.1.
Insulation materials that rely on air spaces adjacent
to reflective surfaces for their rated performance. 5.8.1.10 Joints in Rigid Insulation.
5.8.1.6 Recessed Equipment. Where two or more layers of rigid insulation
board are used in a construction assembly, the
Lighting fixtures; heating, ventilating, and edge joints between each layer shall be
air-conditioning equipment, including wall staggered.
heaters, ducts, and plenums; and other
equipment shall not be recessed in such a 5.8.2 Fenestration and Doors
manner as to affect the insulation thickness 5.8.2.1 Rating of Fenestration Products.
unless: The U-factor, SHGC, and air leakage rate for
a. the total combined area affected all manufactured fenestration products shall be
(including necessary clearances) is determined by a laboratory accredited by a
less than 1% of the opaque area of the nationally recognized accreditation
assembly, organization.
b. the entire roof; wall, or floor is
5.8.2.2 Labeling of Fenestration Products.
covered with insulation to the full
depth required, or All manufactured fenestration products shall
c. the effects of reduced insulation are have a permanent name plate, installed by the
included in calculations using an area- manufacturer, listing the U-factor, SHGC, and
air leakage rate.
weighted average method and
compressed insulation values Exceptions:
obtained from Table A9.4.C. (a) When the fenestration product does not
In all cases, openings through or around the have such nameplate, the installer or
recessed equipment to the conditioned space supplier of such fenestration shall provide a
shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or weather- signed and dated certification for the
stripped to minimize air leakage. installed fenestration listing the U-factor,
SHGC, and the air leakage rate.
5.8.1.7 Insulation Protection.
(b) Doors with less than 25% glazing are not
Exterior insulation shall be covered with a required to list SHGC and VT.
protective material to prevent damage from
sunlight, moisture, landscaping operations, 5.8.2.3 U-Factor.
equipment maintenance, and wind.
SBC 601-CR-18 22
U-factors shall be determined in accordance requirements for the overall fenestration

with NFRC 10015. U-factors for skylights shall area. SC shall be determined using a
be determined for a slope of 20 degrees above spectral data file determined in accordance
the horizontal. with NFRC 30016. SC shall be verified and
certified by the manufacturer.
Exceptions:
(b) b. SHGC of the center-of-glass shall be an
(a) U-factors from Section A8.1 shall be an
acceptable alternative for determining
compliance with the SHGC requirements
compliance with the U-factor criteria for
for the overall fenestration area. SHGC
skylights. Where credit is being taken for a
shall be determined using a spectral data
low-emissivity coating, the emissivity of
file determined in accordance with NFRC
the coating shall be determined in
30016, or equivalent. SHGC shall be
accordance with NFRC 30016. Emissivity
verified and certified by the manufacturer.
shall be verified and certified by the
manufacturer. (c) c. SHGC from Section A8.1 shall be an
(b) U-factors from Section A8.2 shall be an
compliance with the SHGC criteria for
skylights. Where credit is being taken for a
compliance with the U-factor criteria for
low-emissivity coating, the emissivity of
vertical fenestration.
the coating shall be determined in
(c) U-factors from Section A7 shall be an accordance with NFRC 30016, or
acceptable alternative for determining equivalent. Emissivity shall be verified and
compliance with the U-factor criteria for certified by the manufacturer.
opaque doors.
(d) d. SHGC from Section A8.2 shall be an
(d) For garage doors, ANSI/DASMA10510, or acceptable alternative for determining
equivalent shall be an acceptable compliance with the SHGC criteria for
alternative for determining U-factors. vertical fenestration.
5.8.2.4 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient. 5.8.2.5 Visible Transmittance.
SHGC for the overall fenestration area shall be VT shall be determined in accordance with
determined in accordance with NFRC 20017, or NFRC 20017, or equivalent. VT shall be verified
equivalent, and shall be verified and certified and certified by the manufacturer.
by the manufacturer in accordance with local
Exception: For skylights whose transmittances are
regulations and standards.
not within the scope of NFRC 20017, or equivalent,
Exceptions: their transmittance shall be the solar photometric
(a) a. SC of the center-of-glass multiplied by transmittance of the skylight glazing material(s)
0.86 shall be an acceptable alternative for determined in accordance with ASTM E97218, or
determining compliance with the SHGC equivalent.
SBC 601-CR-18 23
CHAPTER 6—HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING
CHAPTER 6—HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR

CONDITIONING
6.1 General such modifications and/or repairs will not

result in an increase in the annual energy
6.1.1 Scope consumption of the equipment using the
6.1.1.1 New Buildings: same energy type, or
Mechanical equipment and systems serving (b) where a replacement or alteration of
the heating, cooling, or ventilating needs of equipment requires extensive revisions to
new buildings shall comply with the other systems, equipment, or elements of a
requirements of this section as described in building, and such replaced or altered
Section 6.2. equipment is a like-for-like replacement, or
6.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings: (c) for a refrigerant change of existing
equipment, or
Mechanical equipment and systems serving
the heating, cooling, or ventilating needs of (d) for the relocation of existing equipment, or
additions to existing buildings shall comply with (e) for ducts and pipes where there is
the requirements of this section as described in insufficient space or access to meet these
Section 6.2. requirements, or
Exception to 6.1.1.2: When ventilation and air (f) historical buildings.
conditioning to an addition is provided by existing
systems and equipment, such existing systems and 6.2 Compliance Path(s)
equipment shall not be required to comply with this Compliance with Section 6 shall be achieved
standard. However, any new systems or equipment by meeting all requirements for Sections 6.1,
installed must comply with specific requirements General; 6.4, Mandatory Provisions, and 6.7,
applicable to those systems and equipment. Submittals
6.1.1.3 Alterations to Heating, Ventilating, and
6.3 Reserved
Air-Conditioning in Existing Building.
6.1.1.3.1 New HVAC equipment as a
direct replacement of existing equipment shall 6.4.1 Equipment Efficiencies, Verification,
comply with the specific minimum efficiency and Labeling Requirements
requirements applicable to that equipment.
6.4.1.1 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies –
6.1.1.3.2 New HVAC systems installed to Listed Equipment – Standard Rating and
serve previously unconditioned spaces shall Operating Conditions.
comply with this section as described in
Section 6.2. Equipment shown in the most recent edition of
SASO 266333 and SASO 287434 shall have a
6.1.1.3.3 Reserved minimum performance at the specified rating
6.1.1.3.4 New and replacement ductwork conditions when tested in accordance with the
shall comply with Sections 6.4.4.1 and 6.4.4.2. specified test procedure.
6.1.1.3.5 New and replacement piping 6.4.1.2 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies—
shall comply with Section 6.4.4.1. Listed Equipment—Nonstandard Conditions –
Reserved.
Exceptions to 6.1.1.3: Compliance shall not be 6.4.1.3 Equipment Not Listed - Reserved
required: 6.4.1.4 Verification of Equipment Efficiencies.
(a) for equipment that is being modified or
repaired but not replaced, provided that
SBC 601-CR-18 24
Equipment efficiency information supplied by handbooks acceptable to the respective local

manufacturers shall be verified as follows: authority (for example, ASHRAE Handbook—
Fundamentals20), and must, at a minimum,
(a) If a certification program exists for a
demonstrate consideration of external loads,
covered product, and it includes provisions
internal loads, and ventilation. External loads
for verification and challenge of equipment
must include: walls, roofs, windows, skylights,
efficiency ratings, then the product shall be
doors, partitions, ceilings, and floors. Internal
listed in the certification program, or,
loads must include: lights, people, appliances,
(b) if a certification program exists for a and equipment.
covered product, and it includes provisions
6.4.2.2 Pump Head.
for verification and challenge of equipment
efficiency ratings, but the product is not Pump differential pressure (head) for the
listed in the existing certification program, purpose of sizing pumps shall be determined in
the ratings shall be verified by an accordance with generally accepted
independent laboratory test report, or engineering standards and handbooks
acceptable to the adopting authority. The
(c) if no certification program exists for a
pressure drop through each device and pipe
covered product, the equipment efficiency
segment in the critical circuit at design
ratings shall be supported by data certified
conditions shall be calculated.
by the manufacturer, or
(d) where components such as indoor or 6.4.3 Controls
outdoor coils from different manufacturers 6.4.3.1 Zone Thermostatic Controls
are used, the system designer shall specify
component efficiencies whose combined 6.4.3.1.1 General.
efficiency meets the minimum equipment The supply of cooling energy to each zone
efficiency requirements in 6.4.1. shall be individually controlled by thermostatic
6.4.1.5 Labeling controls responding to temperature within the
zone. For the purposes of Section 6.4.3.1, a
6.4.1.5.1 Mechanical Equipment. dwelling unit shall be permitted to be
Mechanical equipment that is not covered by considered a single zone.
the Saudi Arabia Energy Efficiency Program Exceptions: Independent perimeter systems that
shall carry a permanent label installed by the are designed to offset only building envelope loads
manufacturer stating that the equipment shall be permitted to serve one or more zones also
complies with the requirements of ASHRAE served by an interior system provided:
Standard 90.119.
(a) the perimeter system includes at least one
6.4.1.5.2 Packaged Terminal Air thermostatic control zone for each building
Conditioners. exposure having exterior walls facing only
one orientation for 15 contiguous meters or
Nonstandard size packaged terminal air
more.
conditioners and heat pumps with existing
sleeves having an external wall opening of less (b) the perimeter system cooling supply is
than 40.6 cm high or less than 106.7 cm wide controlled by a thermostatic control(s)
and having a cross-sectional area less than located within the zones(s) served by the
0.433 m2 shall be factory labeled as follows: system. Exterior walls are considered to
Manufactured for nonstandard size have different orientations if the directions
applications only: not to be installed in new they face differ by more than 45 degrees.
construction projects.
6.4.3.2 6.4.3.2 Setpoint Overlap Restriction –
6.4.2 Calculations. Reserved
6.4.2.1 Load Calculations. 6.4.3.3 Off-Hour Controls.
Heating and cooling system design loads for HVAC systems shall have the off-hour controls
the purpose of sizing systems and equipment required by Section 6.4.3.3.1.
shall be determined in accordance with Exceptions:
generally accepted engineering standards and
SBC 601-CR-18 25
(a) HVAC systems intended to operate 6.4.3.4.2 Shutoff Damper Controls.

continuously.
All outdoor air intake and exhaust systems
(b) HVAC systems having a design cooling shall be equipped with motorized dampers that
capacity less than 4.4 kW that are equipped will automatically shut when the systems or
with readily accessible manual ON/OFF spaces served are not in use. Ventilation
controls. outdoor air and exhaust/relief dampers shall be
6.4.3.3.1 6.4.3.3.1 Automatic Shutdown. capable of automatically shutting off during
HVAC systems shall be equipped with at least preoccupancy building cool down, and
one of the following: setback, except when ventilation reduces
energy costs or when ventilation must be
(a) Controls that can start and stop the system supplied to meet code requirements.
under different time schedules for seven
different day-types per week, are capable of Exceptions:
retaining programming and time setting (a) Backdraft gravity (nonmotorized) dampers
during loss of power for a period of at least are acceptable for exhaust and relief in
ten hours, and include an accessible manual buildings less than three stories in height
override, or equivalent function, that allows and for ventilation air intakes and exhaust
temporary operation of the system for up to and relief dampers in buildings of any
two hours. height. Backdraft dampers for ventilation
(b) An occupant sensor that is capable of air intakes must be protected from direct
shutting the system off when no occupant is exposure to wind.
sensed for a period of up to 30 minutes. (b) Backdraft gravity (nonmotorized) dampers
(c) A manually operated timer capable of being are acceptable in systems with a design
adjusted to operate the system for up to two outdoor air intake or exhaust capacity of
hours. 140 L/s or less.
(d) An interlock to a security system that shuts (c) Dampers are not required in ventilation or
the system off when the security system is exhaust systems serving unconditioned
activated. spaces.
Exception: Residential occupancies may use (d) Dampers are not required in exhaust
controls that can start and stop the system under two systems serving Type 1 kitchen exhaust
different time schedules per week. hoods (used over cooking equipment
producing grease-laden effluent).
6.4.3.4 6.4.3.4 Ventilation System Controls
6.4.3.4.3 Damper Leakage.
6.4.3.4.1 Stair and Shaft Vents.
Where outdoor air supply and exhaust/relief
Stair and elevator shaft vents shall be dampers are required by Section 6.4.3.4, they
equipped with motorized dampers that are shall have a maximum leakage rate when
capable of being automatically closed during tested in accordance with AMCA 500-L21 as
normal building operation and are interlocked indicated in Table 6.1.
to open as required by fire and smoke
detection systems.
TABLE 6.1 Maximum Damper Leakage, L/s per m2 at 250 Pa

Ventilation Air Intake Exhaust/Relief
Non-motorized1 Motorized Non-motorized1 Motorized
100 20 100 20
1 Dampers smaller than 60 cm in either dimension may have leakage of 200 L/s per m 2.
Fans with motors greater than 0.56 kW shall
6.4.3.4.4 Ventilation Fan Controls.
have automatic controls complying with
SBC 601-CR-18 26
Section 6.4.3.3.1 that are capable of shutting RH where no active humidification or

off fans when not required. dehumidification takes place
3 Systems serving zones where humidity
Exception: HVAC systems intended to operate
levels are required to be maintained
continuously.
with precision of not more than ±5%
6.4.3.4.5 Enclosed Parking Garage RH to comply with applicable codes or
Ventilation. accreditation standards or as approved
by the authority having jurisdiction
Enclosed parking garage ventilation systems
shall automatically detect contaminant levels 6.4.3.7 6.4.3.7 Freeze Protection and
and stage fans or modulate fan airflow rates to Snow/Ice Melting Systems.
50% or less of design capacity provided Freeze protection systems, such as heat
acceptable contaminant levels are maintained. tracing of outdoor piping and heat exchangers,
Exceptions: including self-regulating heat tracing, shall
include automatic controls capable of shutting
(a) Garages less than 2800 m2 with ventilation off the systems when outdoor air temperatures
systems that do not utilize mechanical are above 4.4 °C or when the conditions of the
cooling or mechanical heating protected fluid will prevent freezing. Snow- and
(b) Garages that have a garage area to ice-melting systems shall include automatic
ventilation system motor nameplate kW controls capable of shutting off the systems
ratio that exceeds 187 m2/kW and do not when the pavement temperature is above 10°C
utilize mechanical cooling or mechanical and no precipitation is falling, and an automatic
heating. or manual control that will allow shutoff when
the outdoor temperature is above 4.4 °C so
(c) Where not permitted by the respective local
that the potential for snow or ice accumulation
authority.
is negligible.
6.4.3.5 6.4.3.5 Reserved
6.4.3.8 Ventilation Controls for High-
6.4.3.6 6.4.3.6 Humidification and Occupancy Areas.
Dehumidification.
Demand control ventilation (DCV) is required
Humidity control shall prevent the use of for spaces larger than 50 m2 and with a design
electricity to produce RH above 30% in the occupancy for ventilation of greater than 40
warmest zone served by the humidification people per 100 m2 of floor area and served by
system and to reduce RH below 60% in the systems with one or more of the following:
coldest zone served by the dehumidification
(a) an air-side economizer,
system. Where a zone is served by a system
or systems with both humidification and (b) automatic modulating control of the
dehumidification capability, means (such as outdoor air damper, or
limit switches, mechanical stops, or, for DDC (c) a design outdoor airflow greater than 1400
systems, software programming) shall be L/s.
provided capable of preventing simultaneous
operation of humidification and Exceptions:
dehumidification equipment. (a) Systems with the exhaust air energy
Exceptions: recovery complying with Section 6.5.6.1.
1 Zones served by desiccant systems, (b) Multiple-zone systems without DDC of
used with direct evaporative cooling in individual zones communicating with a
series central control panel.
2 Systems serving zones where specific
humidity levels are required, such as (c) Systems with a design outdoor airflow less
museums and hospitals, and approved than 600 L/s.
by the authority having jurisdiction or (d) Spaces where the supply airflow rate minus
required by accreditation standards and any makeup or outgoing transfer air
humidity controls are configured to requirement is less than 600 L/s.
maintain a deadband of at least 10%
6.4.3.9 6.4.3.9 Reserved
SBC 601-CR-18 27
6.4.3.10 Direct Digital Control (DDC) (b) Transferring zone and system demand
Requirements. information from zones to air distribution
system controllers and from air distribution
Direct digital control shall be required as
systems to heating and cooling plant
follows.
controllers
6.4.3.10.1 DDC Applications.
(c) Automatically detecting those zones and
DDC shall be provided in the applications and systems that may be excessively driving the
qualifications listed in Table 6.2. reset logic and generate an alarm or other
indication to the system operator
Exception: DDC is not required for systems in
buildings two stories or fewer in height and a gross (d) Readily allowing operator removal of
floor area of less than 2,300 m2. zone(s) from the reset algorithm
6.4.3.10.2 DDC Controls. 6.4.3.10.3 DDC Display.
Where DDC is required by Section 6.4.3.10.1, Where DDC is required by Section 6.4.3.10.1
the DDC system shall be capable of all of the for new buildings, the DDC system shall be
following, as required, to provide the control capable of trending and graphically displaying
logic required in Section 6.5: input and output points.
(a) Monitoring zone and system demand for
fan pressure, pump pressure, heating, and
cooling
SBC 601-CR-18 28
TABLE 6.2 DDC Applications and Qualifications

Building Status Application Qualifications
New building Air-handling system and all zones Individual systems supplying more than
served by the system three zones and with fan system bhp of
7.5 kW and larger
New building Chilled-water plant and all coils and Individual plants supplying more than
terminal units served by the system three zones and with design cooling
capacity of 88 kW and larger
Alteration or addition Zone terminal unit such as VAV box Where existing zones served by the
same airhandling, chilled-water, or hot-
water system have DDC
Alteration or addition Air-handling system or fan coil Where existing air-handling system(s)
and fancoil(s) served by the same chilled-
water plant have DDC
Alteration or addition New air-handling system and all new Individual systems with fan system bhp of
zones served by the system 7.5 kW and larger and supplying more
than three zones and more than 75% of
zones are new
Alteration or addition New or upgraded chilled-water plant Where all chillers are new and plant
design cooling capacity is 88 kW and
larger
(c) Insulation exposed to view inside the

6.4.4 Ventilation and Air Conditioning building and in mechanical rooms or such
System Construction and Insulation shall be protected by aluminum, sheet
6.4.4.1 6.4.4.1 Insulation metal, painted canvas or plastic cover.
6.4.4.1.1 General. (d) Coverings and linings, including adhesives
when used, shall have a flame spread index
Insulation required by this section shall be of not more than 25 and smoke developed
installed in accordance with industry-accepted index of not more than 50, when tested in
standards. Insulation shall be protected from accordance with SASO/ASTM E8422 or UL
damage, including that due to sunlight, 72323, using the specimen preparation and
moisture, equipment maintenance and wind, mounting procedures of ASTM E223124.
but not limited to the following:
(e) Duct coverings and linings shall not flame,
(a) Insulation exposed to weather shall be glow, smolder or smoke when tested in
suitable for outdoor service, e.g., protected accordance with SASO/ASTM C41125 at
by aluminum, sheet metal, painted canvas, the temperature to which they are exposed
or plastic cover. Cellular foam insulation in service. Coverings and linings shall be
shall be protected as above or painted with listed and labeled accordingly.
a coating that is water retardant and
provides shielding from solar radiation that (f) Duct coverings shall not penetrate a wall or
can cause degradation of the material. floor required to have a fire resistance
rating or required to be fire blocked.
(b) Insulation covering refrigerant suction
piping or cooling ducts located outside the Exception: These requirements do not apply to
conditioned space shall include a vapor HVAC equipment which are certified to an AHRI
retardant located outside the insulation or SASO Standard. These standards include
(unless the insulation is inherently vapor requirements for equipment insulation.
retardant), all penetrations and joints of 6.4.4.1.2 Ductwork and Plenum Insulation.
which shall be sealed.
SBC 601-CR-18 29
All supply and return air ducts and plenums (h) Ducts or plenums located in conditioned
installed as part of an HVAC air distribution spaces.
system shall be externally thermally insulated
(i) For runouts less than 3 m in length to air
in accordance with Table 6.3.
terminals or air outlets, the rated R-value of
Exceptions: insulation need not exceed R-0.6 m2•°C
/W.
(g) Factory-installed plenums, casings, or
ductwork furnished as a part of HVAC
equipment tested and rated in accordance
with Section 6.4.1.
SBC 601-CR-18 30
TABLE 6.3 Minimum Duct Insulation R-Value, (a) Cooling Supply Ducts and Return Ducts SI
Duct Location
Unvented Unvented
Exterior Ventilated Attic above Attic Indirectly Buried
Attic Insulated with Roof Unconditioned Conditioned
Ceiling Insulation (a) Space (b) Space (c)
Supply Ducts
R-1.06 R-1.06 R-1.41 R-0.62 R-0.62 none R-0.62
Return Ducts
R-0.62 R-0.62 R-0.62 none none none none
2
(a) Insulation R-values, measured in m ·°C/W, are for the insulation as installed and
do not include film resistance.
Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the most
restrictive condition of Section 6.4.4.2 or Section 5.
(b) Includes crawlspaces, both ventilated and nonventilated.
(c) Includes return air plenums with or without exposed roofs above.
(c) Piping that conveys fluids that have not

6.4.4.1.3 Piping Insulation. been heated or cooled through the use of
HVAC system piping installed to serve fossil fuels or electricity (such as roof and
buildings and within buildings shall be condensate drains, domestic cold-water
thermally insulated in accordance with Table supply, natural gas piping),
6.4. (d) Where heat gain or heat loss will not
Exception: increase energy usage (such as liquid
refrigerant piping).
(a) Factory-installed piping within HVAC
equipment tested and rated in accordance (e) In piping 25 mm or less, insulation is not
with Section 6.4.1. required forstrainers, control valves, and
balancing valves.
(b) Piping that conveys fluids having a design
operating temperature range between 16°C
and 41°C, inclusive.
TABLE 6.4 Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness SI Cooling Systems

Insulation Conductivity Nominal Pipe or Tube Size mm
Fluid Operating Conductivity 25 to 40 to 100 to
Temperature Range Mean Rating
°C and Usage Temperature, <25 <40 <100 <200 ≥200
W/m·°C °C
Insulation Thickness mm
4°C–16°C 0.030–0.039 24 15 15 25 25 25
<4°C 0.029–0.037 10 15 25 25 25 40
(a) (a) For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness (T) shall be determined
as follows:
𝑇 = 𝑟{(1 + 𝑡/𝑟)𝐾/𝑘 – 1}
where T = minimum insulation thickness mm, r = actual outside radius of pipe (mm)
t = insulation thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size, K= conductivity
of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (W/m·°C)
and k = the upper value of the conductivity range listed in this table for the applicable fluid temperature.
(b) (b) These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Additional insulation is
sometimes required relative to safety issues/surface temperature.
SBC 601-CR-18 31
(c) (c) The table is based on steel pipe. Non-metallic pipes schedule 80 thickness or less shall use the table
values.
For other non-metallic pipes having thermal resistance greater than that of steel pipe, reduced insulation
thicknesses are permitted if documentation is provided showing that the pipe with the proposed insulation
has no more heat transfer per meter than a steel pipe of the same size with the insulation thickness shown
in the table.
6.4.4.2 6.4.4.2 Ductwork and Plenum Leakage For indoor ductwork that is designed to operate
at static pressures less than 750 Pa Place a
6.4.4.2.1 Duct Sealing.
100-watt bulb, inside the duct through each
Ductwork and all plenums with pressure class register and ensure that no light emanates
ratings shall be constructed to SMACNA Seal from the exterior of duct joints and seams.
26
Class A , as required to meet the
6.5 6.5 Prescriptive Path
requirements of Section 6.4.4.2.2, and with
standard industry practice. Openings for 6.5.1 Economizers.
rotating shafts shall be sealed with bushings or
Economizers are not required, but if used shall
other devices that seal off air leakage.
Pressure-sensitive tape shall not be used as meet the requirements of Sections 6.5.1.1
the primary sealant, unless it has been certified through 6.5.1.3.
to comply with UL 181A27 or UL 181B28, or 6.5.1.1 High-Limit Shutoff.
equivalent by an independent testing
All air economizers shall be capable of
laboratory and the tape is used in accordance
automatically reducing outdoor air intake to the
with that certification. All connections shall be
design minimum outdoor air quantity when
sealed, including but not limited to spin-ins,
outdoor air intake will no longer reduce cooling
taps, other branch connections, access doors,
energy usage.
access panels, and duct connections to
equipment. Sealing that would void product 6.5.1.2 Dampers.
listings is not required. Spiral lock seams need
Return, exhaust/relief, and outdoor air
not be sealed. All duct pressure class ratings
dampers shall meet the requirements of
shall be designated in the design documents.
Section 6.4.3.4 Ventilation System Controls.
6.4.4.2.2 Duct Leakage Tests. 6.5.1.3 Relief of Excess Outdoor Air.
Ductwork that is designed to operate at static Systems shall provide a means to relieve
pressures in excess of 750 Pa and all ductwork excess outdoor air during air economizer
located outdoors shall be leak-tested operation to prevent over pressurizing the
according to industry-accepted test building. The relief air outlet shall be located to
procedures. Representative sections totaling avoid recirculation into the building. Note, that
no less than 25% of the total installed duct area economizers are strongly recommended for
for the designated pressure class shall be use in climate zone 3.
tested. All sections shall be selected by the
building owner or the designated 6.5.2 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling
representative of the building owner. Positive Limitation
pressure leakage testing is acceptable for
6.5.2.1 Zone Controls.
negative pressure ductwork. The maximum
permitted duct leakage shall be: Zone thermostatic controls shall prevent:
0.65 0.65
𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝐿 (𝑃 /1000) (𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝐿 𝑃 ) (a) reheating,
where:
(b) recooling,
Lmax = maximum permitted leakage L/s·m2 duct
(c) mixing or simultaneously supplying air that
surface area;
has been previously mechanically heated
CL = 6, duct leakage class, L/s·m2 duct surface and air that has been previously cooled,
area at 250 Pa; and either by mechanical cooling or by
P = test pressure, which shall be equal to the economizer systems, and
design duct pressure class rating, in Pa
SBC 601-CR-18 32
(d) other simultaneous operation of heating (d) Zones where at least 75% of the energy for
and cooling systems to the same zone. reheating or for providing warm air in
mixing systems is provided from a site-
Exceptions:
recovered (including condenser heat) or
(a) Zones for which the volume of air that is site-solar energy source.
reheated, recooled, or mixed is less than the
larger of the following: 6.5.2.1.1 Supply Air Temperature Reheat
Limit:
1 30% of the zone design peak supply
rate; Where reheating is permitted by other
2 The outdoor airflow rate required to parts of this Code, zones that have both
meet the ventilation requirements of supply and return/exhaust air openings
Section 8.4.2; greater than 2 m above floor shall not
3 Any higher rate that can be supply heating air more than 11ºC above
demonstrated, to the satisfaction of the the space temperature setpoint.
respective local authority, to reduce Exceptions:
overall system annual energy usage by
offsetting reheat/recool energy losses (a) Laboratory exhaust systems that comply
through a reduction in outdoor air with Section 6.5.7.2.
intake for the system. (b) During preoccupancy building warm-up
4 The air flowrate required to comply and setback
with applicable codes or accreditation
standards, such as pressure 6.5.2.2 Hydronic System Controls.
relationships or minimum air change The heating of fluids in hydronic systems
rates. that have been previously mechanically
(b) Zones that comply with all of the following: cooled and the cooling of fluids that have
1 The air flow rate in dead band between
been previously mechanically heated shall
heating and cooling does not exceed be limited in accordance with Sections
the larger of the following: 6.5.2.2.1 through 6.5.2.2.3.
i.i. 20% of the zone design peak 6.5.2.2.1 Three-Pipe System.
supply rate;
ii.ii. The outdoor air flow rate Hydronic systems that use a common
required to meet the ventilation return system for both hot water and
requirements of Section 8.4.2; chilled water shall not be used.
iii.iii. Any higher rate that can be 6.5.2.2.2 Two-Pipe Changeover System.
demonstrated, to the satisfaction Systems that use a common distribution
of the respective local authority, system to supply both heated and chilled water
to reduce overall system annual are acceptable provided all of the following are
energy usage by offsetting met:
reheat/recool energy losses
(a) a. The system is designed to allow a dead
through a reduction in outdoor
band between changeover from one mode
air intake. to the other of at least 8°C outdoor air
2. The air flow rate that is reheated, temperature.
recooled, or mixed in peak heating
demand shall be less than 50% of (b) b. The system is designed to operate and is
the zone design peak supply rate. provided with controls that will allow
3. Airflow between dead band and full operation in one mode for at least four
heating or full cooling shall be hours before changing over to the other
modulated. mode.
(c) Laboratory exhaust systems that comply (c) c. Reset controls are provided that allow
with 6.5.7.2. heating and cooling supply temperatures at
the changeover point to be no more than
17°C apart.
SBC 601-CR-18 33
6.5.2.2.3 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump before simultaneous heating and cooling
Systems. takes place.
Hydronic heat pumps connected to a common (c) The individual mechanical cooling unit has
heat pump water loop with central devices for a design cooling capacity of 12 kW or less.
heat rejection (e.g., cooling tower) and heat An individual mechanical cooling unit is a
addition shall have the following: single system composed of a fan or fans and
a cooling coil capable of providing
(a) Controls that are capable of providing a mechanical cooling.
heat pump water supply temperature dead
band of at least 11°C between initiation of (d) Systems serving spaces where specific
heat rejection and heat addition by the humidity levels are required to satisfy
central devices. process needs, such as vivariums,
museums, surgical suites, pharmacies, and
(b) For climate zone 3, if a closed-circuit tower buildings with refrigerating systems, such
(fluid cooler) is used, either an automatic as supermarkets, refrigerated warehouses,
valve shall be installed to bypass all but a and ice arenas, and the building includes
minimal flow of water around the tower site recovered or site solar energy source
(for freeze protection) or low-leakage that provide energy equal to at least 75% of
positive closure dampers shall be provided. the annual energy for reheating or for
If an open circuit tower is used directly in providing warm air in mixing systems. This
the heat pump loop, an automatic valve exception does not apply to computer
shall be installed to bypass all heat pump rooms.
water flow around the tower. If an open-
circuit tower is used in conjunction with a (e) At least 90% of the annual energy for
separate heat exchanger to isolate the tower reheating or for providing warm air in
from the heat pump loop, then heat loss mixing systems is provided from a site-
shall be controlled by shutting down the recovered (including condenser heat) or
circulation pump on the cooling tower loop. site-solar energy source.
(f) Systems where the heat added to the
Exception: Where a system loop temperature airstream is the result of the use of a
optimization controller is used to determine the desiccant system and 75% of the heat added
most efficient operating temperature based on real- by the desiccant system is removed by a
time conditions of demand and capacity, dead bands heat exchanger, either before or after the
of less than 12°C shall be allowed. desiccant system with energy recovery.
6.5.2.3 Dehumidification. 6.5.2.4 6.5.2.4 Humidification
Where humidity controls are provided, such 6.5.2.4.1 6.5.2.4.1 Humidifiers with
controls shall prevent reheating, mixing of hot preheating jackets mounted in the airstream
and cold airstreams, or other means of shall be provided with an automatic valve to
simultaneous heating and cooling of the same shut off preheat when humidification is not
airstream. required.
Exceptions: 6.5.2.4.2 6.5.2.4.2 Humidification system
dispersion tube hot surfaces in the airstreams
(a) The system is configured to reduce supply of ducts or air-handling units shall be insulated
air volume to 50% or less of the design with a product with an insulating value of at
airflow rate or the minimum outdoor air least R-0.09 m2•°C /W.
ventilation rate specified in Section 8 or
other applicable code, whichever is larger, Exception: Systems where mechanical cooling,
before simultaneous heating and cooling including economizer operation, does not occur
takes place. simultaneously with humidification
(b) The individual fan cooling unit has a design 6.5.2.5 Preheat Coils.
cooling capacity of 19 kW or less and is Preheat coils shall have controls that stop
capable of unloading to 50% capacity their heat output whenever mechanical
SBC 601-CR-18 34
cooling, including economizer operation, is This includes supply fans, return/relief fans,
occurring. exhaust fans, and fan-powered terminal units
associated with systems providing heating or
cooling capability. Single zone variable-air-
6.5.3 Air System Design and Control. volume systems shall comply with the constant
Each HVAC system having a total fan volume fan power limitation.
system motor nameplate kW exceeding 4 kW Exceptions:
shall meet the provisions of Sections 6.5.3.1
and 6.5.3.2. (a) Hospital, vivarium, and laboratory systems
that utilize flow control devices on exhaust
6.5.3.1 6.5.3.1 Fan System Power Limitation and/or return to maintain space pressure
6.5.3.1.1 Each HVAC system at fan relationships necessary for occupant health
system design conditions shall not exceed the and safety or environmental control may
allowable fan system motor nameplate kW use variable-volume fan power limitation.
(Option 1) or fan system kW input (Option 2) as (b) Individual exhaust fans with motor
shown in Table 6.5A. nameplate kW of 0.75 kW or less.
TABLE 6.5A Fan Power Limitationa SI

Limit Constant Volume Variable Volume
Option 1: Fan System Allowable Nameplate
Motor Nameplate Motor kW ≤ L/Ss * 0.0017 kW ≤ L/Ss * 0.0024
kW kW
Option 2: Fan System Allowable Fan System kW i ≤ L/Ss * 0.0015 + A kWi ≤ L/Ss * 0.0021 + A
input kW input kW
where:
L/Ss =the maximum design supply airflow rate to conditioned spaces served by the system in liters
per second
kW = the maximum combined motor nameplate kW
kW i = the maximum combined fan kW
A = sum of 𝑃𝐷 × 𝐿/𝑆𝐷 /650000
where:
PD = each applicable pressure drop adjustment from Table 6.5B in Pa.
L/S = the design airflow through each applicable device from Table 6.5B in liters per second.
SBC 601-CR-18 35
TABLE 6.5B Fan Power Limitation Pressure Drop Adjustment

Fully ducted return and/or exhaust air systems 125 Pa (535 Pa) for
laboratory and vivarium systems)
Return and/or exhaust airflow control devices 125 Pa
Exhaust filters, scrubbers, or other The pressure drop of device calculated at
exhaust treatment fan system design condition
Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 9 through 12 125 Pa
Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 13 through 15 225 Pa
Particulate Filtration Credit: MERV 16 and greater Pressure drop calculated at 2× clean filter
and electronically enhanced filters pressure drop at fan system design condition
Carbon and other gas-phase air cleaners Clean filter pressure drop at fan system design condition
Biosafety cabinet Pressure drop of device at fan system design condition
Energy Recovery Device, other 550 × Energy Recovery Effectiveness – 125 Pa for each
than Coil Runaround Loop airstream (2.2 × Energy Recovery Effectiveness)
Coil Runaround Loop 150 Pa for each airstream

Evaporative humidifier/cooler in Pressure drop of device at fan system design condition
series with another cooling coil
Sound Attenuation Section 38 Pa
Exhaust system serving fume hoods 85 Pa
Laboratory and vivarium exhaust 60 Pa /30 m of vertical duct
systems in high-rise buildings exceeding 25 m
Fans shall have a fan efficiency grade (FEG) of

6.5.3.1.2 Motor Nameplate Horsepower
67 or higher based on manufacturers’ certified
Kilowatts. data, as defined by AMCA 20529, or equivalent,
For each fan, the selected fan motor shall be with a relevant SASO standard having
no larger than the first available motor size precedence. The total efficiency of the fan at
greater than the kW input. The fan kW input the design point of operation shall be within 15
must be indicated on the design documents to percentage points of the maximum total
allow for compliance verification by the code efficiency of the fan.
official. All motors must meet local regulatory Exceptions:
requirements for energy efficiency as issued by 1 Single fans with a motor nameplate
SASO. horsepower of 4.5 kW or less
Exceptions: 2 Multiple fans in series or parallel (e.g.
fan arrays) that have a combined motor
(a) For fans less than 4.5 kW, where the first nameplate horsepower of 4.5 kW or
available motor larger than the kW input less and are operated as the functional
has a nameplate rating within 50% of the equivalent of a single fan
kW input, the next larger nameplate motor 3 Fans that are part of equipment listed
size may be selected. under Section 6.4.1.1
(b) For fans 4.5 kW and larger, where the first 4 Fans included in equipment bearing a
available motor larger than the bhp input third-party-certified seal for air or
kW has a nameplate rating within 30% of energy performance of the equipment
the kW input, the next larger nameplate package
motor size may be selected. 5 Powered wall/roof ventilators (PRV)
6 Fans outside the scope of AMCA 20529
(c) Systems complying with Section 6.5.3.1.1,
7 Fans that are intended to only operate
Option 1.
during emergency conditions
6.5.3.1.3 Fan Efficiency. 6.5.3.2 Fan Control
SBC 601-CR-18 36
6.5.3.2.1 Fan Airflow Control. setpoint is no greater than 300 Pa If this results
in the sensor being located downstream of
Cooling systems shall be designed to vary the
major duct splits, sensors shall be installed in
indoor fan airflow as a function of load and shall
each major branch to ensure that static
comply with the following requirements: pressure can be maintained in each.
(a) DX and chilled-water cooling units that Exception: Systems complying with Section
control the capacity of the mechanical 6.5.3.2.3.
cooling directly based on space
temperature shall have a minimum of two
stages of fan control. Low or minimum 6.5.3.2.3 VAV Setpoint Reset.
speed shall not exceed 66% of full speed. For systems with DDC of individual zones
At low or minimum speed, the fan system reporting to the central control panel, static
shall draw no more than 40% of the fan pressure setpoint shall be reset based on the
power at full fan speed. Low or minimum zone requiring the most pressure; i.e., the
speed shall be used during periods of low setpoint is reset lower until one zone damper is
cooling load and ventilation-only nearly wide open. Controls shall provide the
operation. following:
(b) All other units, including DX cooling units (a) Monitor zone damper positions or other
and chilled water units that control the indicator of need for static pressure;
space temperature by modulating the
(b) Automatically detect those zones that may
airflow to the space, shall have modulating
fan control. Minimum speed shall not be excessively driving the reset logic and
exceed 50% of full speed. At minimum generate an alarm to the system operator;
speed, the fan system shall draw no more and
than 30% of the power at full fan speed. (c) Readily allow operator removal of zone(s)
Low or minimum speed shall be used from the reset algorithm.
during periods of low cooling load and
6.5.3.3 Multiple-zone VAV System Ventilation
ventilation-only operation.
Optimization Control.
(c) Units that include an air-side economizer to
Multiple-zone VAV systems with DDC of
meet the requirements of Section 6.5.1 shall
individual zone boxes reporting to a central
have a minimum of two speeds of fan
control panel shall include means to
control during economizer operation.
automatically reduce outdoor air intake flow
Exceptions: below design rates in response to changes in
1 Modulating fan control is not required system ventilation efficiency as defined in,
for chilled-water and evaporative Appendix B.
cooling units with < 0.75 kW fan
motors if the units are not used to
provide ventilation air and the indoor Exceptions to 6.5.3.3:
fan cycles with the load. (a) VAV systems with zonal transfer fans that
2 If the volume of outdoor air required to recirculate air from other zones without
meet the ventilation requirements of directly mixing it with outdoor air, dual-
Section 8 at low speed exceeds the air duct dual-fan VAV systems, and VAV
that would be delivered at the speed systems with fan-powered terminal units.
defined in Section 6.5.3.2.1(a) or
(b) Systems required to have the exhaust air
6.5.3.2.1(b) then the minimum speed
energy recovery complying with Section
shall be selected to provide the required
ventilation air. 6.5.6.1.
(c) Systems where total design exhaust airflow
6.5.3.2.2 VAV Static Pressure Sensor
is more than 70% of total design outdoor air
Location. intake flow requirements.
Static pressure sensors used to control VAV
fans shall be located such that the controller
SBC 601-CR-18 37
6.5.3.4 Supply-Air Temperature Reset HVAC pumping systems having a total pump
Controls. system power exceeding 7.5 kW that include
control valves designed to modulate or step
Multiple zone HVAC systems must include
open and close as a function of load shall be
controls that automatically reset the supply-air
designed for variable fluid flow and shall be
temperature in response to representative
capable of reducing pump flow rates to 50% or
building loads, or to outdoor air temperature.
less of the design flow rate. Individual chilled-
The controls shall reset the supply air
water pumps serving variable-flow systems
temperature at least 25 percent of the
having motors exceeding 3.7 kW shall have
difference between the design supply-air
controls and/or devices (such as variable-
temperature and the design room air
speed control) that will result in pump motor
temperature. Controls that adjust the reset
demand of no more than 30% of design
based on zone humidity are allowed. Zones
wattage at 50% of design water flow. The
which are expected to experience relatively
controls or devices shall be controlled as a
constant loads, such as electronic equipment
function of desired flow or to maintain a
rooms, shall be designed for the fully reset
minimum required differential pressure.
supply temperature.
Differential pressure shall be measured at or
Exceptions: near the most remote heat exchanger or the
(a) Systems that prevent re-heating, re-cooling, heat exchanger requiring the greatest
or mixing of heated and cooled supply air. differential pressure. The differential pressure
setpoint shall be no more than 110% of that
(b) Systems in which at least 75 percent of the required to achieve design flow through the
energy for reheating (on an annual basis) is heat exchanger. Where differential pressure
from site recovered or site solar energy control is used to comply with this section and
sources. DDC systems are used, the setpoint shall be
6.5.3.5 Fractional Horsepower Fan Motors. reset downward based on valve positions until
one valve is nearly wide open.
Motors for fans that are 62.1 W or greater and
less than 0.746 kW shall be electronically- Exceptions:
commutated motors or shall have a minimum 1 Systems where the minimum flow is
motor efficiency of 70% when rated in less than the minimum flow required
accordance with DOE 10 CFR 43130. These by the equipment manufacturer for the
motors shall also have the means to adjust proper operation of equipment served
motor speed for either balancing or remote by the system, such as chillers, and
control. Belt driven fans may use sheave where total pump system power is 56
adjustments for airflow balancing in lieu of a kW or less
varying motor speed. 2 Systems that include no more than
three control valves
Exceptions:
1 Motors in the airstream within fan-coils 6.5.4.3 6.5.4.3 Chiller Isolation
and terminal units that operate only 6.5.4.3.1 When a chilled-water plant
when providing heating to the space includes more than one chiller, provisions shall
served be made so that all fluid flow through the chiller
2 Motors installed in space conditioning is automatically shut off when the chiller is shut
equipment certified under Section 6.4.1 down.
3 Motors covered by local regulatory
requirements for energy efficiency as Chillers piped in series for the purpose of
issued by SASO. increased temperature differential shall be
considered as one chiller. Where constant-
6.5.4 Hydronic System Design and speed chilled-water or condenser water pumps
Control are used to serve multiple chillers, the number
of pumps shall be no less than the number of
6.5.4.1 6.5.4.1 Reserved
chillers and staged on and off with the chillers.
6.5.4.4 Chilled- and Hot-Water Temperature
6.5.4.2 Hydronic Variable Flow Systems. Reset Controls.
SBC 601-CR-18 38
Chilled- and hot-water systems with a design having a total pump system power exceeding
capacity exceeding 88 kW supplying chilled or 3.7 kW shall have controls and/or devices that
heated water (or both) to comfort conditioning will result in pump motor demand of no more
systems shall include controls that than 30% of design wattage at 50% of design
automatically reset supply water temperatures water flow.
by representative building loads (including
6.5.4.6 Pipe Sizing.
return water temperature) or by outdoor air
temperature. All chilled-water and condenser water piping
shall be designed such that the design flow rate
Exceptions:
in each pipe segment shall not exceed the
(a) Where the supply temperature reset values listed in Table 6.6 for the appropriate
controls cannot be implemented without total annual hours of operation. Pipe size
causing improper operation of heating, selections for systems that operate under
cooling, humidifying, or dehumidifying variable flow conditions (e.g., modulating two-
systems. way control valves at coils) and that contain
variable-speed pump motors are allowed to be
(b) Hydronic systems, such as those required
made from the “Variable Flow/Variable Speed”
by Section 6.5.4.1 that use variable flow to
columns. All others shall be made from the
reduce pumping energy.
“Other” columns.
6.5.4.5 6.5.4.5 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat
Exceptions:
Pumps and Water-Cooled Unitary Air-
Conditioners. (a) Design flow rates exceeding the values in
Table 6.6 are allowed in specific sections of
6.5.4.5.1 6.5.4.5.1 Each hydronic heat
pipe if the pipe in question is not in the
pump and water-cooled unitary air-conditioner
critical circuit at design conditions and is
shall have a two-position automatic valve
not predicted to be in the critical circuit
interlocked to shut off water flow when the
during more than 30% of operating hours.
compressor is off.
(b) Piping systems that have equivalent or
Exception: Units employing water economizers.
lower total pressure drop than the same
system constructed with standard weight
6.5.4.5.2 6.5.4.5.2 Hydronic heat pumps steel pipe with piping and fittings sized per
and water-cooled unitary air-conditioners Table 6.6.
SBC 601-CR-18 39
TABLE 6.6 Piping System Design Maximum Flow Rate in L/s SI

>2000 and ≤4400
Operating Hours/Year ≤2000 Hours/Year Hours/Year >4400 Hours/Year
DN (Nominal Pipe Size), Variable Flow/ Variable Flow/ Variable Flow/
Other Other Other
mm Variable Speed Variable Speed Variable Speed
75 8 11 5 8 4 7
90 11 17 9 13 7 11
110 22 33 16 25 13 20
140 26 39 20 30 16 23
160 47 69 36 54 28 43
225 76 114 57 88 44 69
280 114 170 82 126 63 101
315 158 240 120 183 95 145
Maximum Velocity for Pipes

over 315 mm Size 2.6 m/s 4.0 m/s 2.0 m/s 2.9 m/s 1.5 m/s 2.3 m/s
(a) operate the maximum number of fans

6.5.5 Heat Rejection Equipment allowed that comply with the
manufacturer’s requirements for all system
6.5.5.1 General. components and
Section 6.5.5 applies to heat rejection (b) control all fans to the same fan speed
equipment used in comfort cooling systems required for the instantaneous cooling duty,
such as air-cooled condensers, open cooling as opposed to staged (on/off) operation.
Minimum fan speed shall comply with the
towers, closed-circuit cooling towers, and
minimum allowable speed of the fan drive
evaporative condensers. Exception: Heat system per the manufacturer’s
rejection devices whose energy usage is recommendations.
included in the equipment efficiency
ratings covered by SASO. 6.5.5.3 Limitation on Centrifugal Fan Open-
Circuit Cooling Towers.
Centrifugal fan open-circuit cooling towers
6.5.5.2 Fan Speed Control.
with a combined rated capacity of 69 L/s or
greater at 35°C condenser water return, 29°C
condenser water supply, and 24°C outdoor air
6.5.5.2.1 Each fan powered by a motor of
wet-bulb temperature shall meet the energy
5.6 kW or larger shall have the capability to
efficiency requirement for axial fan open-circuit
operate that fan at two-thirds of full speed or
cooling towers listed by SASO.
less and shall have controls that automatically
change the fan speed to control the leaving
fluid temperature or condensing Exception: Centrifugal open-circuit cooling towers
temperature/pressure of the heat rejection that are ducted (inlet or discharge) or require
device. external sound attenuation.
Exceptions:
(a) Condenser fans serving multiple refrigerant 6.5.5.4 Tower Flow Turndown.
circuits. Open-circuit cooling towers used on water-
(b) Condenser fans serving flooded cooled chiller systems that are configured with
condensers. multiple- or variable-speed condenser water
pumps shall be designed so that all open-
6.5.5.2.2 Multicell heat rejection circuit cooling tower cells can be run in parallel
equipment with variable-speed fan drives shall with the larger of
SBC 601-CR-18 40
(a) the flow that is produced by the smallest and return air enthalpies at design conditions.
pump at its minimum expected flow rate or Provision shall be made to bypass or control
the energy recovery system to permit air
(b) 50% of the design flow for the cell.
economizer operation as required by 6.5.1.1.
Exceptions:
6.5.6 Energy Recovery (a) Laboratory systems meeting Section
6.5.7.2.
6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery. (b) Systems serving spaces that are not cooled.
Each fan system shall have an energy (c) Systems exhausting toxic, flammable,
recovery system when the system’s supply air paint, or corrosive fumes or dust.
flow rate exceeds the value listed in Table 6.7-
1 and 6.7-2, based on the percentage of (d) Commercial kitchen hoods used for
outdoor air flow rate at design conditions. collecting and removing grease vapors and
Table 6.7-1 shall be used for all ventilation smoke.
systems that operate less than 8000 hours per (e) Where the largest source of air exhausted at
year, and Table 6.7-2 shall be used for all a single location at the building exterior is
ventilation systems that operate 8000 or more less than 75% of the design outdoor air flow
hours per year. rate.
Energy recovery systems required by this (f) Systems requiring dehumidification that
section shall have at least 50% energy employ energy recovery in series with the
recovery effectiveness. Fifty percent energy cooling coil.
recovery effectiveness shall mean a change in
the enthalpy of the outdoor air supply equal to (g) Systems expected to operate less than 20
50% of the difference between the outdoor air hrs per week.
TABLE 6.7-1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Requirements

for Ventilation Systems Operating Less than 8000 Hours per Year
% Outdoor Air at Full Design Airflow Rate
≥10% ≥20% ≥30% ≥40% ≥50% ≥60% ≥70%
Zone and and and and and and and ≥80%
<20% <30% < 40% < 50% < 60% < 70% < 80%
Design Supply Fan Airflow Rate, L/s
3 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
1, 2 NR NR NR NR ≥12,271 ≥5,663 ≥2,360 ≥1,888
NR—Not required
SBC 601-CR-18 41
TABLE 6.7-2 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Requirements

for Ventilation Systems Operating Greater than or Equal to 8000 Hours per Year
% Outdoor Air at Full Design Airflow Rate
≥10% ≥20% ≥30% ≥40% ≥50% ≥60% ≥70%
Zone and and and and and and and ≥80%
<20% <30% < 40% < 50% < 60% < 70% < 80%
Design Supply Fan Airflow Rate, L/s
1, 2, 3 NR ≥9,203 ≥4,248 ≥2,360 ≥1,888 ≥1,416 ≥708 >0
NR—Not required
6.5.6.2 Heat Recovery for Service Water 6.5.7.1 Kitchen Exhaust Systems
Heating
6.5.7.1.1 Replacement air introduced
6.5.6.2.1 Condenser heat recovery directly into the hood cavity of kitchen exhaust
systems shall be installed for heating or hoods shall not exceed 10% of the hood
preheating of service hot water provided all of exhaust airflow rate.
the following are true:
6.5.7.1.2 Conditioned supply air
(a) The facility operates 24 hours a day. delivered to any space with a kitchen hood
shall not exceed the greater of:
(b) The total installed heat rejection capacity of
the water cooled systems exceeds 1800 kW (a) the supply flow required to meet the space
of heat rejection. heating or cooling load
(c) The design service water heating load (b) the hood exhaust flow minus the available
exceeds 300 kW. transfer air from adjacent spaces. Available
transfer air is that portion of outdoor
6.5.6.2.2 The required heat recovery
ventilation air not required to satisfy other
system shall have the capacity to provide the
exhaust needs, such as restrooms, and not
smaller of:
required to maintain pressurization of
(a) 60% of the peak heat rejection load at adjacent spaces.
design conditions, or
6.5.7.1.3 If a kitchen/dining facility has a
(b) preheat of the peak service hot water draw total kitchen hood exhaust airflow rate greater
to 29°C. than 2,360 L/s then each hood shall have an
Exceptions: exhaust rate that complies with Table 6.8. If a
single hood, or hood section, is installed over
(a) Facilities that employ condenser heat appliances with different duty ratings, then the
recovery for space heating with a heat maximum allowable flow rate for the hood or
recovery design exceeding 30% of the peak hood section shall not exceed the Table 6.8
water-cooled condenser load at design values for the highest appliance duty rating
conditions. under the hood or hood section. Refer to
(b) Facilities that provide 60% of their service ASHRAE Standard 15431 for definitions of
water heating from site-solar or site- hood type, appliance duty, and net exhaust
recovered energy or from other sources. flow rate.
Exception: At least 75% of all the replacement air
6.5.7 Exhaust Systems
is transfer air that would otherwise be exhausted.
SBC 601-CR-18 42
TABLE 6.8 Maximum Net Exhaust Flow Rate

L/s per Linear Meter of Hood Length
Type of Hood Light Duty Medium Duty Heavy Duty Extra Heavy Duty
Equipment Equipment Equipment Equipment
Wall-mounted canopy 217 325 433 596
Single island 433 541 650 758
Double island 271 325 433 596
Eyebrow 271 271 Not allowed Not allowed
Backshelf/Pass-over 325 325 433 Not allowed
See Definitions for definition of equipment duty
precondition makeup air from laboratory

6.5.7.1.4 If a kitchen/dining facility has a
exhaust that shall meet the following:
total kitchen hood exhaust airflow rate greater
than 2,360 L/s then it shall have one of the 𝐴 + 𝐵 × (𝐸/𝑀) ≥ 50%
following: where
(a) At least 50% of all replacement air is A = Percentage that the exhaust and makeup air
transfer air that would otherwise be flow rates can be reduced from design conditions.
exhausted. B = Percentage sensible recovery effectiveness.
E = Exhaust airflow rate through the heat recovery
(b) Demand ventilation system(s) on at least device at design conditions
75% of the exhaust air. Such systems shall M=Makeup air flow rate of the system at design
be capable of at least 50% reduction in conditions.
exhaust and replacement air system airflow
rates, including controls necessary to (b) b. VAV laboratory exhaust and room
modulate airflow in response to appliance supply systems that are required to have
operation and to maintain full capture and minimum circulation rates to comply with
containment of smoke, effluent and code or accreditation standards shall be
combustion products during cooking and capable of reducing zone exhaust and
idle. makeup air flow rates to the regulated
minimum circulation values, or the
(c) Listed energy recovery devices with a minimum required to maintain
sensible heat recovery effectiveness of not pressurization relationship requirements.
less than 40% on at least 50% of the total Non-regulated zones shall be capable of
exhaust airflow. reducing exhaust and makeup air flow rates
6.5.7.1.5 Performance Testing: An to 50% of the zone design values, or the
approved field test method shall be used to minimum required to maintain
evaluate design air flow rates and demonstrate pressurization relationship requirements.
proper capture and containment performance (c) c. Direct makeup (auxiliary) air supply
of installed commercial kitchen exhaust equal to at least 75% of the exhaust air flow
systems. Where demand ventilation systems rate, heated no warmer than 1 °C below
are utilized to meet Section 6.5.7.1.4, room setpoint, cooled to no cooler than 2°C
additional performance testing shall be above room setpoint, no humidification
required to demonstrate proper capture and added, and no simultaneous heating and
containment at minimum airflow. cooling used for dehumidification control.
6.5.7.2 Laboratory Exhaust Systems. (d) d. Combination or hybrid systems
Buildings with laboratory exhaust systems incorporating radiant heating (or cooling)
having a total exhaust rate greater than 2360 panels.
L/s shall include at least one of the following (e) e. Radiant heating (or cooling) panels used
features: in conjunction with other systems such as
(a) a. VAV laboratory exhaust and room VAV or thermal storage systems.
supply system capable of reducing exhaust 6.5.8 Radiant Heating Systems
and makeup air flow rates and/or
incorporate a heat recovery system to 6.5.8.1 Heating Unenclosed Spaces.
SBC 601-CR-18 43
Radiant heating shall be used when heating is (c) Radiant heating (or cooling) panels used in
required for unenclosed spaces. conjunction with other systems such as
VAV or thermal storage systems
Exception: Loading docks equipped with air
curtains 6.5.9 Hot Gas Bypass Limitation.
6.5.8.2 Heating Enclosed Spaces. Cooling systems shall not use hot gas bypass
Radiant heating systems that are used as or other evaporator pressure control systems
primary or supplemental enclosed space unless the system is designed with multiple
heating must be in conformance with the steps of unloading or continuous capacity
governing provisions of the Code, including, modulation. The capacity of the hot gas bypass
but not limited to, the following: shall be limited as indicated in Table 6.9.
(a) Radiant hydronic ceiling or floor panels Exception: Unitary packaged systems with cooling
(used for heating or cooling) capacities not greater than 26 kW.
(b) Combination or hybrid systems

incorporating radiant heating (or cooling)
panels
TABLE 6.9 Hot Gas Bypass Limitation

Rated Capacity Maximum Hot Gas Bypass Capacity
≤70 kW 50%
>70 kW 25%
266333 and SASO 287434. Equipment not

6.5.10 Door Switches. specified by SASO are not covered by
Any conditioned space with a door, including minimum efficiency requirements.
doors with more than one-half glass, opening
6.7 Submittals
to the outdoors shall be provided with controls
that, when any such door is open, disables 6.7.1 General.
mechanical cooling or resets the cooling
setpoint to 32°C or greater within five minutes The respective local authority may require
submittal of compliance documentation and
of the door opening. Mechanical cooling may
remain enabled if outdoor air temperature is supplemental information, in accord with
below space temperature. Section 4.2.2 of this Code.
6.7.2 Completion Requirements:
Exceptions: The following requirements are mandatory
1 1. Building entries with automatic provisions and are necessary for compliance
closing devices with the Code.
2 2. Any space without a thermostat
6.7.2.1 Drawings.
3 3. Alterations to existing buildings
4 4. Loading docks Construction documents shall require that
within 90 days after the date of system
6.6 Minimum Equipment Efficiency acceptance, record drawings of the actual
Tables installation be provided to the building owner or
the designated representative of the building
owner. Record drawings shall include as a
6.6.1 Air Conditioners Units - Minimum minimum the location and performance data on
Efficiency Requirements each piece of equipment, general configuration
of duct and pipe distribution system including
sizes, and the terminal air or water design flow
The minimum efficiency requirements are
rates.
obtained from the most recent edition of SASO
SBC 601-CR-18 44
6.7.2.2 Manuals. and balance activities shall include both air and
hydronic system balancing.
Construction documents shall require that an
operating manual and a maintenance manual 6.7.2.3.2 Air System Balancing.
in Arabic language, or Arabic and English be
provided to the building owner or the Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to
designated representative of the building first minimize throttling losses. Then, for fans
owner within 90 days after the date of system with fan system power greater than 0.75 kW,
acceptance. These manuals shall be in fan speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow
accordance with industry- accepted standards conditions.
and shall include, at a minimum, the following: 6.7.2.3.3 Hydronic System Balancing.
(a) Submittal data stating equipment size and All hydronic coils shall each be equipped with
selected options for each piece of means for balancing and determining flow.
equipment requiring maintenance. Hydronic systems shall be proportionately
(b) Operation manuals and maintenance balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling
manuals for each piece of equipment losses; then the pump impeller shall be
requiring maintenance, except equipment trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to
not furnished as part of the project. meet design flow conditions.
Required routine maintenance actions shall Exceptions: Impellers need not be trimmed nor
be clearly identified. pump speed adjusted:
(c) Names and addresses of at least one service (a) for pumps with pump motors of 7.5 kW or
agency. less, or
(d) HVAC controls system maintenance and (b) when throttling results in no greater than
calibration information, including wiring 5% of the nameplate horsepower kW draw,
diagrams, schematics, and control sequence or 2.2 kW, whichever is greater, above that
descriptions. Desired or field-determined required if the impeller was trimmed.
setpoints shall be permanently recorded on
control drawings at control devices or, for 6.7.2.4 System Commissioning.
digital control systems, in programming HVAC control systems shall be verified to have
comments. been installed as per the approved plans and
(e) A complete narrative of how each system is specifications. They shall also be tested to
intended to operate, including suggested ensure that control elements are calibrated and
setpoints. adjusted, with the sequence of operation and
functionality verified per the approved plans
6.7.2.3 System Balancing and specifications. Reference informative
6.7.2.3.1 General. provided in Appendix F.
Construction documents shall require that all 6.7.2.5 System Balancing Report.
HVAC systems be balanced in accordance A detailed written report shall be submitted to
with generally accepted engineering the design engineer for his final review and
standards. Air and water flow rates shall be approval. The report shall describe the
measured and adjusted to deliver final flow activities and measurements taken as part of
rates within the tolerances required by the the system balancing work.
manufacturer’s product specifications. Test
SBC 601-CR-18 45
CHAPTER 7—SERVICE WATER HEATING
7.1 General General; 7.4, Mandatory Provisions; 7.5,

Prescriptive Path; and 7.7, Submittals.
7.1.1 Service Water Heating Scope
7.1.1.1 New Buildings. 7.3 Simplified/Small Building Option
(Not Used)
Service water heating systems and equipment
shall comply with the requirements of this
section as described in Section 7.2. 7.4 Mandatory Provisions
7.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings.
Service water heating systems and equipment
7.4.1 Load Calculations.
shall comply with the requirement of this
section. Service water heating system design loads for
the purpose of sizing systems and equipment
Exception: When the service water heating to an
shall be determined in accordance with
addition is provided by existing service water
manufacturers’ published sizing guidelines or
heating systems and equipment, such systems and
generally accepted engineering standards and
equipment shall not be required to comply with this
handbooks acceptable to the adopting
Code. However, any new systems or equipment
authority (e.g., ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC
installed must comply with specific requirements
Applications32).
applicable to those systems and equipment.
7.1.1.3 Alterations to Existing Buildings. 7.4.2 Equipment Efficiency.
Building service water heating equipment Equipment shown in the most recent edition of
installed as a direct replacement for existing SASO 288435 shall have a minimum
building service water heating equipment shall performance at the specified rating conditions
comply with the requirements of Section 7 when tested in accordance with the specified
applicable to the equipment being replaced. test procedure.
New and replacement piping shall comply with 7.4.3 Service Hot-Water Piping
Section 7.4.3. Insulation.
Exception: Compliance shall not be required where The following piping shall be insulated to levels
there is insufficient space or access to meet these shown in Table 7.2:
requirements.
(a) recirculating system piping, including the
supply and return piping of a circulating
7.2 Compliance Path(s) tank type water heater, and
7.2.1 Compliance shall be achieved by (b) the first 2.4 m of outlet piping for a constant
meeting the requirements of Sections 7.1, temperature nonrecirculating storage
system.
SBC 601-CR-18 46
TABLE 7.2 Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness, Service Hot Water Systems SI
Insulation Conductivity Nominal Pipe or Tube Size, mm
Fluid Operating Conductivity Mean Rating
Temperature Range, W/m·°C Temperature, <25 25 to <40 ≥40
°C °C Insulation Thickness
41-60˚C 0.032-0.040 38 25 25 40
61-93˚C 0.036-0.042 52 40 40 50
94-121˚C 0.039-0.043 66 65 65 80
122-177˚C 0.042-0.046 93 80 100 115
>177˚C 0.046-0.049 121 115 125 125
a These thicknesses are based on energy efficiency considerations only. Additional insulation is sometimes required
relative to safety issues/surface temperature.
b For piping smaller than 40 mm and located in partitions within conditioned spaces, reduction of these thicknesses by
25 mm shall be permitted but not to thicknesses below 25 mm.
c For direct-buried hot water system piping, reduction of these thicknesses by 40 mm shall be permitted but not to
thicknesses below 25 mm.
d The table is based on steel pipe. Non-metallic pipes schedule 80 thickness or less shall use the table values. For other
non-metallic pipes having thermal resistance greater than that of steel pipe, reduced insulation thicknesses are permitted
if documentation is provided showing that the pipe with the proposed insulation has no more heat transfer per meter than
a steel pipe of the same size with the insulation thickness shown in the table.
equipped with controls limiting operation to a

7.4.4 Service Water Heating System period from the start of the heating cycle to a
Controls maximum of five minutes after the end of the
heating cycle.
7.4.4.1 Temperature Controls. 7.4.5 Pools
Temperature controls shall be provided that 7.4.5.1 Pool Conditioning.
allow for storage temperature adjustment from
49°C or lower to a maximum temperature Pool heaters and/or coolers shall be equipped
compatible with the intended use. with a readily accessible ON/OFF switch to
allow shutting off the conditioning system
Exception: When the manufacturers’ installation without adjusting the thermostat setting.
instructions specify a higher minimum thermostat
setting to minimize condensation and resulting 7.4.5.2 Pool Covers.
corrosion. Conditioned pools shall be equipped with a
7.4.4.2 Temperature Maintenance Controls. vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water
surface. Pools heated to more than 32°C shall
Systems designed to maintain usage have a pool cover with a minimum insulation
temperatures in hot-water pipes, such as value of R-2.1 m2•°C/W.
recirculating hot-water systems or heat trace,
shall be equipped with automatic time switches
or other controls that can be set to switch off Exception: Pools deriving over 60% of the energy
the usage temperature maintenance system for heating from site-recovered energy or solar
during extended periods when hot water is not energy source.
required. 7.4.5.3 Time Switches.
7.4.4.3 Outlet Temperature Controls. Time switches shall be installed on swimming
Temperature controlling means shall be pool conditioning units and pumps.
provided to limit the maximum temperature of Exceptions:
water delivered from lavatory faucets in public
facility restrooms to 43°C. (a) Where public health standards require 24-
hour pump operation.
7.4.4.4 Circulating Pump Controls.
(b) Where pumps are required to operate solar
When used to maintain storage tank water and waste heat recovery pool heating
temperature, recirculating pumps shall be systems.
SBC 601-CR-18 47
CHAPTER 7—
7.4.6 Heat Traps. 7.5.2 Service Water Heating

Vertical pipe risers serving storage water Equipment.
heaters and storage tanks not having integral Service water heating equipment used to
heat traps and serving a nonrecirculating provide the additional function of space heating
system shall have heat traps on both the inlet as part of a combination (integrated) system
and outlet piping as close as practical to the shall satisfy all stated requirements for the
storage tank. A heat trap is a means to service water heating equipment.
counteract the natural convection of heated
water in a vertical pipe run. The means is either 7.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not
a device specifically designed for the purpose Used)
or an arrangement of tubing that forms a loop 7.7 Submittals
of 360° or piping that from the point of
connection to the water heater (inlet or outlet) 7.7.1 General.
includes a length of piping directed downward The respective local authority may require
before connection to the vertical piping of the submittal of compliance documentation and
supply water or hot-water distribution system, supplemental information, in accord with
as applicable. Section 4.2.2 of this Code.
7.5 Prescriptive Path
7.5.1 Reserved.
SBC 601-CR-18 48
CHAPTER 8—INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 8—INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND VENTILATION

SYSTEMS
(developed from ASHRAE Standard 62.136)

8.2.4 Although the Code may be applied
to both new and existing buildings, the
8.1 PURPOSE provisions of this section are not intended
to be applied retroactively when the Code
8.1.1 The purpose of this Code is to
is used as a mandatory regulation or code.
specify minimum ventilation rates and
other measures intended to provide indoor
air quality that is acceptable to human 8.2.5 This section does not prescribe
occupants and that minimizes adverse specific ventilation rate requirements for
health effects. spaces that contain smoking or that do not
meet the requirements in the Code for
separation from spaces that contain
8.1.2 This Code is intended for regulatory
smoking.
application to new buildings, additions to
existing buildings, and those changes to
existing buildings that are identified in the 8.2.6 Ventilation requirements of this
body of the Code. section are based on chemical, physical,
and biological contaminants that can affect
air quality.
8.1.3 This Code is intended to be used to
guide the improvement of indoor air quality
in existing buildings. 8.2.7 Consideration or control of thermal
comfort is not included.
8.2 SCOPE
8.2.8 This section contains requirements,
in addition to ventilation, related to certain
8.2.1 This section applies to all spaces sources, including outdoor air, construction
intended for human occupancy except processes, moisture, and biological
those within single-family houses, growth.
multifamily structures of three stories or
fewer above grade.
8.2.9 Acceptable indoor air quality may
not be achieved in all buildings meeting the
8.2.2 This section defines requirements requirements of this Code for one or more
for ventilation and air-cleaning system of the following reasons:
design, installation, commissioning, and
(a) because of the diversity of sources and
operation and maintenance. contaminants in indoor air;
(b) because of the many other factors that may
8.2.3 Additional requirements for affect occupant perception and acceptance
laboratory, industrial, health care, and of indoor air quality, such as air
other spaces may be dictated by workplace temperature, humidity, noise, lighting, and
and other standards, as well as by the psychological stress;
processes occurring within the space. (c) because of the range of susceptibility in the
population; and
SBC 601-CR-18 49
(d) because outdoor air brought into the outdoor airflow as required by Section 8.4
building may be unacceptable or may not under any load condition. Note: Variable Air
be adequately cleaned. Volume (VAV) systems with fixed outdoor air
damper positions must comply with this
8.3 SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT requirement at minimum system primary
8.3.1 Ventilation Air Distribution. airflow.
Ventilating systems shall be designed in 8.3.4 Airstream Surfaces.
accordance with the following requirements. All airstream surfaces in equipment and ducts
8.3.1.1 Designing for Air Balancing. in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning
system shall be designed and constructed in
The ventilation air distribution system shall be
accordance with the following requirements.
provided with means to adjust the system to
achieve at least the minimum ventilation airflow 8.3.4.1 Resistance to Mold Growth.
as required by Section 8.4 under any load Material surfaces shall be determined to be
condition.
resistant to mold growth in accordance with a
8.3.1.2 Plenum Systems. standardized test method, such as the “Mold
Growth and Humidity Test” in SASO 181A27 or
When the ceiling or floor plenum is used both
B28 SASO/ASTM C133837 or comparable test
to recirculate return air and to distribute
methods.
ventilation air to ceiling-mounted or floor-
mounted terminal units, the system shall be Exception: Sheet metal surfaces and metal
engineered such that each space is provided fasteners.
with its required minimum ventilation airflow. Note: Even with this resistance, any airstream
Note: Systems with direct connection of surface that is continuously wetted is still
ventilation air ducts to terminal units, for subject to microbial growth.
example, comply with this requirement.
8.3.1.3 Documentation.
8.3.4.2 Resistance to Erosion.
The design documents shall specify minimum
Airstream surface materials shall be evaluated
requirements for air balance testing or
in accordance with the “Erosion Test” in SASO
reference applicable national standards for
18138 and shall not break away, crack, peel,
measuring and balancing airflow. The design
flake off, or show evidence of delamination or
documentation shall state assumptions that
continued erosion under test conditions.
were made in the design with respect to
ventilation rates and air distribution. Exception: Sheet metal surfaces and metal
fasteners.
8.3.2 Exhaust Duct Location.
8.3.5 Outdoor Air Intakes.
Exhaust ducts that convey potentially harmful
contaminants shall be negatively pressurized Ventilation system outdoor intakes shall be
relative to spaces through which they pass, so designed in accordance with the following.
that exhaust air cannot leak into occupied
8.3.5.1 Location.
spaces; supply, return, or outdoor air ducts; or
plenums. Outdoor air intakes shall be located such that
the shortest distance from the intake to any
Exception: Exhaust ducts that are sealed in
specific potential outdoor contaminant source
accordance with SMACNA Seal Class A26.
shall be equal to or greater than the separation
8.3.3 Ventilation System Controls. distance listed in Table 8.1.
Mechanical ventilation systems shall include Exception: Other minimum separation distances
controls, manual or automatic, that enable the shall be permitted, provided it can be shown
fan system to operate whenever the spaces analytically that an equivalent or lesser rate of
served are occupied. The system shall be introduction of contaminants from outdoor sources
designed to maintain no less than the minimum will be attained.
SBC 601-CR-18 50
TABLE 8.1 Air Intake Minimum Separation Distance SI

Minimum Distance
Object m
Class 2 air exhaust/relief outlet (Note 1) 3
Plumbing vents terminating less than 1 m above the level of the outdoor air intake 3
Plumbing vents terminating at least 1 m above the level of the outdoor air intake 1
Garage entry, automobile loading area, or drive-in queue (Note 3) 5
Truck loading area or dock, bus parking/idling area (Note 3) 7.5
Driveway, street, or parking place (Note 3) 1.5
Thoroughfare with high traffic volume 7.5
Roof, landscaped grade, or other surface directly below intake (Note 4) 0.3
Garbage storage/pick-up area, dumpsters 5
Cooling tower intake or basin 5
Cooling tower exhaust 7.5
Note 1: This requirements applies to the distance from the outdoor air intakes for one ventilation
system to the exhaust/relief outlets for any other ventilation system.
Note 2: Minimum distance listed does not apply to laboratory fume hood exhaust air outlets. Separation
criteria for fume hood exhaust shall be in compliance with NFPA 455 39 and ANSI/AIHA Z9.5.640 Information
on separation criteria for industrial environments can be found in the ACGIH Industrial Ventilation
Manual41 and in the ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Applications42.
Note 3: Distance measured to closest place that vehicle exhaust is likely to be located.
Note 4: Shorter separation distance shall be permitted where outdoor surfaces are sloped more
than 45 degrees from horizontal or that are less than 3 cm wide.
velocity calculated based on the louver face

8.3.5.2 Rain Entrainment.
area.
Outdoor air intakes that are part of the
(d) Note: This performance corresponds to
mechanical ventilation system shall be
Class A when rated according to AMCA
designed to manage rain entrainment in
51144 and tested per AMCA 500-L21.
accordance with any one of the following:
(e) Use rain hoods sized for no more than 2.5
(a) Limit water penetration through the intake
m/s face velocity with a downward-facing
to 21.5 g/m2⋅h of inlet area when tested
intake such that all intake air passes upward
using the rain test apparatus described in
through a horizontal plane that intersects
Section 58 of SASO/UL 199543, or
the solid surfaces of the hood before
equivalent.
entering the system.
(b) Select louvers that limit water penetration
(f) Manage the water that penetrates the intake
to a maximum of 3 g/m2 of louver free area
opening by providing a drainage area
at the maximum intake velocity. This water
and/or moisture removal devices.
penetration rate shall be determined for a
minimum 15-minute test duration when 8.3.5.3 Rain Intrusion.
subjected to a water flow rate of 16 mL/s as
Air-handling and distribution equipment
described under the Water Penetration Test
mounted outdoors shall be designed to prevent
in AMCA 500-L21 or equivalent. Manage
rain intrusion into the airstream when tested at
the water that penetrates the louver by
design airflow and with no airflow, using the
providing a drainage area and/or moisture
rain test apparatus described in Section 58 of
removal devices.
SASO 199543.
(c) Select louvers that restrict wind-driven rain
8.3.5.4 Reserved.
penetration to less than 721 g/m2⋅h when
subjected to a simulated rainfall of 75 mm 8.3.5.5 Bird Screens.
per hour and a 13 m/s wind velocity at the Outdoor air intakes shall include a screening
design outdoor air intake rate with the air device designed to prevent penetration by a 13
SBC 601-CR-18 51
mm diameter probe. The screening device Exception: Spaces where process or occupancy
material shall be corrosion resistant. The requirements dictate higher humidity conditions,
screening device shall be located, or other such as kitchens, hot tub rooms that contain heated
measures shall be taken, to prevent bird standing water, refrigerated or frozen storage rooms
nesting within the outdoor air intake. and ice rinks, and/or spaces designed and
constructed to manage moisture, such as shower
Note: Any horizontal surface may be subject to
rooms, pools, and spas.
bird nesting.
8.3.6 Local Capture of Contaminants.
8.3.9.2 Exfiltration.
The discharge from noncombustion equipment
For a building, the ventilation system(s) shall
that captures the contaminants generated by
be designed to ensure that the minimum
the equipment shall be ducted directly to the
outdoor air intake exceeds the maximum
outdoors.
exhaust airflow whenever the mechanical air-
Exception: Equipment specifically designed for conditioning systems are dehumidifying.
discharge indoors in accordance with the
Exception: Where excess exhaust is required by
manufacturer’s recommendations.
process considerations and approved by the
8.3.7 Reserved. respective local authority, such as in certain
industrial facilities.
Note: Although individual zones within a building
8.3.8 Particulate Matter Removal. may be neutral or negative with respect to outdoors
Particulate matter filters or air cleaners having or to other zones, net positive mechanical intake
a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) airflow for the building as a whole reduces
of not less than 6 when rated in accordance infiltration of untreated outdoor air.
with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.245 shall be 8.3.10 Drain Pans.
provided upstream of all cooling coils or other
devices with wetted surfaces through which air Drain pans, including their outlets and seals,
is supplied to an occupiable space (a shall be designed and constructed in
European G3 rating based on European accordance with this section.
Standard EN77946 is approximately equal to 8.3.10.1 Drain Pan Slope.
MERV 6).
Pans intended to collect and drain liquid water
8.3.9 Dehumidification Systems. shall be sloped at least 10 mm per meter from
Mechanical air-conditioning systems with the horizontal toward the drain outlet or shall
dehumidification capability shall be designed to be otherwise designed to ensure that water
comply with the following. drains freely from the pan whether the fan is
ON or OFF.
8.3.9.1 Relative Humidity.
8.3.10.2 Drain Outlet.
Occupied space relative humidity shall be
limited to 65% or less when system The drain pan outlet shall be located at the
performance is analyzed with outdoor air at the lowest point(s) of the drain pan and shall be of
dehumidification design condition (that is, sufficient diameter to preclude drain pan
design dew point and mean coincident drybulb overflow under any normally expected
temperatures) and with the space interior loads operating condition.
(both sensible and latent) at cooling design 8.3.10.3 Drain Seal.
values and space solar loads at zero.
For configurations that result in negative static
Note: System configuration and/or climatic pressure at the drain pan relative to the drain
conditions may adequately limit space relative outlet (such as a draw-through unit), the drain
humidity at these conditions without additional line shall include a P-trap or other sealing
humidity-control devices. The specified conditions device designed to maintain a seal against
challenge the system dehumidification performance ingestion of ambient air while allowing
with high outdoor latent load and low space sensible complete drainage of the drain pan under any
heat ratio.
SBC 601-CR-18 52
normally expected operating condition, Water shall originate directly from a potable
whether the fan is ON or OFF. source or from a source with equal or better
water quality.
8.3.10.4 Pan Size.
8.3.12.2 Obstructions.
The drain pan shall be located under the water-
producing device. Drain pan width shall be Air cleaners or ductwork obstructions, such as
sufficient to collect water droplets across the turning vanes, volume dampers, and duct
entire width of the water producing device or offsets greater than 15 degrees, that are
assembly. For horizontal airflow installed downstream of humidifiers or water
configurations, the drain pan length shall begin spray systems shall be located a distance
at the leading face or edge of the water- equal to or greater than the absorption
producing device or assembly and extend distance recommended by the humidifier or
downstream from the leaving face or edge to a water spray system manufacturer.
distance of either:
Exception: Equipment such as eliminators, coils, or
(a) one half of the installed vertical dimension evaporative media shall be permitted to be located
of the water producing device or assembly, within the absorption distance recommended by the
or manufacturer, provided a drain pan complying with
the requirements of Section 8.3.10 is used to capture
(b) as necessary to limit water droplet
and remove any water that may drop out of the
carryover beyond the drain pan to 1.5 mL
airstream due to impingement on these
per m2 of face area per hour under peak
obstructions.
sensible and peak dew point design
conditions, considering both latent load and
coil face velocity. 8.3.13 Access for Inspection, Cleaning,
8.3.11 Finned-Tube Coils and Heat and Maintenance
Exchangers
8.3.13.1 Equipment Clearance.
8.3.11.1 Drain Pans. Ventilation equipment shall be installed with
A drain pan in accordance with Section 8.3.10 sufficient working space for inspection and
shall be provided beneath all dehumidifying routine maintenance (e.g., filter replacement
cooling coil assemblies and all condensate- and fan belt adjustment and replacement).
producing heat exchangers. 8.3.13.2 Ventilation Equipment Access.
8.3.11.2 Finned-Tube Coil Selection for Access doors, panels, or other means shall be
Cleaning. provided and sized to allow convenient and
Individual finned-tube coils or multiple finned- unobstructed access sufficient to inspect,
tube coils in series without intervening access maintain, and calibrate all ventilation system
space(s) of at least 457 mm shall be selected components for which routine inspection,
to result in no more than 187 Pa combined dry maintenance, or calibration is necessary.
coil pressure drop at 2.54 m/s face velocity. Ventilation system components comprise, for
example, air-handling units, fan-coil units,
Exception: When access for cleaning of both water-source heat pumps, other terminal units,
upstream and downstream coil surfaces is provided controllers, and sensors.
as well as clear and complete instructions for access
and cleaning of both upstream and downstream coil 8.3.13.3 Air Distribution System.
surfaces are provided. Access doors, panels, or other means shall be
provided in ventilation equipment, ductwork,
8.3.12 Humidifiers and Water-Spray
and plenums, located and sized to allow
Systems. convenient and unobstructed access for
Steam and direct evaporation humidifiers, air inspection, cleaning, and routine maintenance
washers, and other water-spray systems shall of the following:
be designed in accordance with this section. (a) Outdoor air intake areaways or plenums
8.3.12.1 Water Quality. (b) Mixed air plenums
SBC 601-CR-18 53
(c) Upstream surface of each heating, cooling, may impose additional measures, such as sub-
and heat recovery coil or coil assembly slab depressurization.
having a total of four rows or less
(d) Both upstream and downstream surface of 8.3.14.2 Condensation on Interior
each heating, cooling, and heat-recovery Surfaces.
coil having a total of more than four rows
and air washers, evaporative coolers, heat Pipes, ducts, and other surfaces within the
wheels, and other heat exchangers building whose surface temperatures are
expected to fall below the surrounding dew-
(e) Air cleaners point temperature shall be insulated. The
(f) Drain pans and drain seals insulation system thermal resistance and
material characteristics shall be sufficient to
(g) Fans prevent condensation from forming on the
(h) Humidifiers exposed surface and within the insulating
material.
8.3.14 Building Envelope and Interior
Exceptions:
Surfaces.
(a) Where condensate will wet only surfaces
The building envelope and interior surfaces
that can be managed to prevent or control
within the building envelope shall be designed
mold growth.
in accordance with the following.
(b) Where local practice has demonstrated that
condensation does not result in mold
8.3.14.1 Building Envelope. growth.
The building envelope, including roofs, walls, 8.3.15 Buildings with Attached Parking
fenestration systems, and foundations, shall Garages.
comply with the following:
In order to limit the entry of vehicular exhaust
(a) a. A weather barrier or other means shall be into occupiable spaces, buildings with attached
provided to prevent liquid water parking garages shall be designed to:
penetration into the envelope.
(a) maintain the garage pressure at or below the
Exception: When the envelope is engineered to pressure of the adjacent occupiable spaces,
allow incidental water penetration to occur without or
resulting in damage to the envelope construction.
(b) use a vestibule to provide an airlock
(b) b. An appropriately placed vapor retarder between the garage and the adjacent
or other means shall be provided to limit occupiable spaces, or
water vapor diffusion to prevent
condensation on cold surfaces within the (c) otherwise limit migration of air from the
attached parking garage into the adjacent
envelope.
occupiable spaces of the building in a
Exception: When the envelope is engineered to manner acceptable to the respective local
manage incidental condensation without resulting authority.
in damage to the envelope construction.
8.3.16 Air Classification and
(a) c. Exterior joints, seams, or penetrations in Recirculation.
the building envelope that are pathways for Air shall be classified, and its recirculation
air leakage shall be caulked, gasketed,
shall be limited in accordance with the
weather-stripped, provided with continuous
air barrier, or otherwise sealed to limit
following sections.
infiltration through the envelope to reduce 8.3.16.1 Classification.
uncontrolled entry of outdoor air moisture
Air (return, transfer, or exhaust air) leaving
and pollutants.
each space or location shall be designated at
Note: In localities where soils contain high an expected air-quality classification not less
concentrations of radon or other soil gas than that shown in Table 8.2, Table 8.3, or
contaminants, the respective local authority Table 8.6 or as approved by the authority
SBC 601-CR-18 54
having jurisdiction. Air leaving spaces or sensory-irritation intensity, or mildly

locations that are not listed in Table 8.2, Table offensive odors. Class 2 air also
8.3, or Table 8.6 shall be designated with the includes air that is not necessarily
same classification as air from the most similar harmful or objectionable but that is
space or location listed in terms of occupant inappropriate for transfer or
activities and building construction. recirculation to spaces used for
different purposes.
Note: Classifications in Table 8.2, Table 8.3, and
Table 8.6 are based on relative contaminant ▪ • Class 3: Air with significant
concentration using the following subjective contaminant concentration, significant
criteria: sensory-irritation intensity, or offensive
odor.
▪ •Class 1: Air with low contaminant
concentration, low sensory-irritation ▪ • Class 4: Air with highly objectionable
intensity, and inoffensive odor. fumes or gases or with potentially
dangerous particles, bioaerosols, or
▪ • Class 2: Air with moderate
gases, at concentrations high enough
contaminant concentration, mild
to be considered harmful.
TABLE 8.2 Airstreams
Description Air Class
Diazo printing equipment discharge 4
Commercial kitchen grease hoods 4
Commercial kitchen hoods other than grease 3
Laboratory hoods 4
Residential kitchen vented hoods 3
Hydraulic elevator machine room 2
8.3.16.2 8.3.16.2 Redesignation Note: For example, an office within a restaurant

may be designated as a space ancillary to a Class 2
8.3.16.2.1 Air Cleaning.
space thus enabling the office to receive Class 2 air.
If air leaving a space or location passes
8.3.16.3 Recirculation Limitations.
through an air-cleaning system, redesignation
of the cleaned air to a cleaner classification When the Ventilation Rate Procedure of
shall be permitted, using the subjective criteria Section 8.4 is used to determine ventilation
noted above, with the approval of the airflow values, recirculation of air shall be
respective local authority. limited in accordance with the requirements of
this section.
8.3.16.2.2 Transfer.
8.3.16.3.1 Class 1
A mixture of air that has been transferred
through or returned from spaces or locations Air. Recirculation or transfer of Class 1 air to
with different air classes shall be redesignated any space shall be permitted.
with the highest classification among the air
8.3.16.3.2 8.3.16.3.2 Class 2 Air
classes mixed.
8.3.16.3.2.1 Recirculation of Class 2 air
Note: For example, mixed return air to a common
system serving both a Class 1 space and a Class 2 8.3.16.3.2.2 within the space of origin shall be
space is designated as Class 2 air. permitted.
8.3.16.2.3 Ancillary Spaces. 8.3.16.3.2.3 Recirculation or transfer of Class 2
air to other Class 2 or Class 3 spaces
Redesignation of Class 1 air to Class 2 air shall
be permitted for Class 1 “spaces that are shall be permitted, provided the other spaces
ancillary to Class 2 spaces.” are used for the same or similar purpose or
task and involve the same or similar pollutant
sources as the Class 2 space.
SBC 601-CR-18 55
8.3.16.3.2.4 Transfer of Class 2 air to toilet Exception: When using any energy recovery
rooms shall be permitted. device, recirculation from leakage, carryover, or
transfer from the exhaust side of the energy
8.3.16.3.2.5 Recirculation or transfer of Class 2
recovery device is permitted. Recirculated Class 3
air to Class 4 spaces shall be permitted.
air shall not exceed 5% of the outdoor air intake
8.3.16.3.2.6 Class 2 air shall not be recirculated flow.
or transferred to Class 1 spaces.
8.3.16.3.4 Class 4 Air.
Exception: When using any energy recovery
Class 4 air shall not be recirculated or
device, recirculation from leakage, carryover, or
transferred to any space nor recirculated within
transfer from the exhaust side of the energy
the space of origin.
recovery device is permitted. Recirculated Class 2
air shall not exceed 10% of the outdoor air intake 8.3.16.4 Documentation.
flow.
Design documentation shall indicate the
8.3.16.3.3 8.3.16.3.3 Class 3 Air justification for classification of air from any
occupancy category, airstream, or location not
8.3.16.3.3.1 Recirculation of Class 3 air within
listed in Table 8.2, Table 8.3, or Table 8.6.
the space of origin shall be permitted.
8.3.16.3.3.2 Class 3 air shall not be recirculated
or transferred to any other space.
SBC 601-CR-18 56
TABLE 8.3 MINIMUM VENTILATION RATES IN BREATHING ZONE SI

(This table is not valid in isolation; it must be used in conjunction with the accompanying notes.)
People Area
Outdoor Outdoor Default Values
Occupant
Air Rate Air Rate Density Combined Outdoor
Air Rate (see Note
Occupancy Rp Ra Notes (see Note 4) 5) Air
Category L/s L/s·m2 #/100 m2 L/s Class
/person /person
Correctional Facilities
Cell 2.5 0.6 25 4.9 2
Dayroom 2.5 0.3 30 3.5 1
Guard stations 2.5 0.3 15 4.5 1
Booking/waiting 3.8 0.3 50 4.5 2
Educational Facilities
Daycare (through age 4) 5 0.9 25 8.6 2
Daycare sickroom 5 0.9 25 8.6 3
Classrooms (ages 5–8) 5 0.6 25 7.4 1
Classrooms (age 9 plus) 5 0.6 35 6.7 1
Lecture classroom 3.8 0.3 65 4.3 1
Lecture hall (fixed seats) 3.8 0.3 150 4 1
Art classroom 5 0.9 20 9.5 2
Science laboratories 5 0.9 25 8.6 2
University/college
5 0.9 25 8.6 2
laboratories
Wood/metal shop 5 0.9 20 9.5 2
Computer lab 5 0.6 25 7.4 1
Media center 5 0.6 A 25 7.4 1
Music/theater/dance 5 0.3 35 5.9 1
Multi-use assembly 3.8 0.3 100 4.1 1
Food and Beverage Service
Restaurant dining rooms 3.8 0.9 70 5.1 2
Cafeteria/fast-food dining 3.8 0.9 100 4.7 2
Lounges 3.8 0.9 100 4.7 2
Kitchen (cooking) 3.8 0.6 20 7 2
General
Break rooms 2.5 0.3 25 3.5 1
Coffee stations 2.5 0.3 20 4 1
Conference/meeting 2.5 0.3 50 3.1 1
Corridors – 0.3 – 1
Occupiable storage rooms
2.5 0.6 B 2 32.5 2
for liquids or gels
Hotels, Motels, Resorts, Dormitories
Bedroom/living room 2.5 0.3 10 5.5 1
Barracks sleeping areas 2.5 0.3 20 4 1
Laundry rooms, central 2.5 0.6 10 8.5 2
Laundry rooms within
2.5 0.6 10 8.5 1
dwelling units
Lobbies/prefunction 3.8 0.3 30 4.8 1
Multipurpose assembly 2.5 0.3 120 2.8 1
SBC 601-CR-18 57
TABLE 8.3 MINIMUM VENTILATION RATES IN BREATHING ZONE SI (continued)

People Area
Air Rate Air Rate Occupant Density Combined Outdoor
Occupancy Rp Ra Notes (see Note 4) Air Rate (see Note 5) Air
/person /person
Office Buildings
Breakrooms 2.5 0.6 50 3.5 1
Main entry lobbies 2.5 0.3 10 5.5 1
Occupiable storage rooms
2.5 0.3 2 17.5 1
for dry materials
Office space 2.5 0.3 5 8.5 1
Reception areas 2.5 0.3 30 3.5 1
Telephone/data entry 2.5 0.3 60 3 1
Miscellaneous Spaces
Bank vaults/safe deposit 2.5 0.3 5 8.5 2
Banks or bank lobbies 3.8 0.3 15 6 1
Computer (not printing) 2.5 0.3 4 10 1
General manufacturing
(excludes heavy industrial
5 0.9 7 18 3
and processes using
chemicals)
Pharmacy (prep. area) 2.5 0.9 10 11.5 2
Photo studios 2.5 0.6 10 8.5 1
Shipping/receiving 5 0.6 B 2 35 2
Sorting, packing, light
3.8 0.6 7 12.5 2
assembly
Telephone closets – – 1
Transportation waiting 3.8 0.3 100 4.1 1
Warehouses 5 0.3 B – 2
Public Assembly Spaces
Auditorium seating area 2.5 0.3 150 2.7 1
Mosques 2.5 0.3 120 2.8 1
Courtrooms 2.5 0.3 70 2.9 1
Legislative chambers 2.5 0.3 50 3.1 1
Libraries 2.5 0.6 10 8.5 1
Lobbies 2.5 0.3 150 2.7 1
Museums (children’s) 3.8 0.6 40 5.3 1
Museums/galleries 3.8 0.3 40 4.6 1
Residential
Dwelling unit 2.5 0.3 1
Common corridors – 0.3 F,G F 1
Retail
Sales (except as below) 3.8 0.6 15 7.8 2
Mall common areas 3.8 0.3 40 4.6 1
Barbershop 3.8 0.3 25 5 2
Beauty and nail salons 10 0.6 25 12.4 2
Pet shops (animal areas) 3.8 0.9 10 12.8 2
Supermarket 3.8 0.3 8 7.6 1
Coin-operated laundries 3.8 0.6 10 7 2
SBC 601-CR-18 58
TABLE 8.3 MINIMUM VENTILATION RATES IN BREATHING ZONE SI (continued)

People Area
Occupant
Air Rate Air Rate Density Combined Outdoor
Occupancy Rp Ra Notes (see Note 4) Air Rate (see Note 5) Air
/person /person
Sports and Entertainment
Sports arena (play area) – 1.5 E – 1
Gym, stadium (play area) – 1.5 30 2
Spectator areas 3.8 0.3 150 4 1
Swimming (pool & deck) – 2.4 C – 2
Wedding halls/dance floors 10 0.3 100 10.3 2
Health club/aerobics room 10 0.3 40 10.8 2
Health club/weight rooms 10 0.3 10 13 2
Bowling alley (seating) 5 0.6 40 6.5 1
Game arcades 3.8 0.9 20 8.3 1
Stages, studios 5 0.3 D 70 5.4 1
GENERAL NOTES FOR TABLE 8.3

1 Related requirements: The rates in this table are based on all other applicable requirements of this
standard being met.
2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke: This table applies to ETS-free areas. Refer to Section 8.3.17 for
requirements for buildings containing ETS areas and ETS-free areas.
3 Air density: Volumetric airflow rates are based on an air density of 1.2 kgda/m3, which corresponds
to dry air at a barometric pressure of 101.3 kPa and an air temperature of 21°C. Rates may be
adjusted for actual density but such adjustment is not required for compliance with this standard.
4 Default occupant density: The default occupant density shall be used when actual occupant density
is not known.
5 Default combined outdoor air rate (per person): This rate is based on the default occupant density.
6 Unlisted occupancies: If the occupancy category for a proposed space or zone is not listed, the
requirements for the listed occupancy category that is most similar in terms of occupant density,
activities and building construction shall be used.
7 See Section 8.4.2.6.2 for procedures to account for variability in occupancy.
ITEM-SPECIFIC NOTES FOR TABLE 8.3
(a) For high school and college libraries, use values shown for Public Assembly Spaces—Libraries.
(b) Rate may not be sufficient when stored materials include those having potentially harmful emissions.
(c) Rate does not allow for humidity control. Additional ventilation or dehumidification may be required
to remove moisture. “Deck area” refers to the area surrounding the pool that would be expected to be
wetted during normal pool use, i.e., when the pool is occupied. Deck area that is not expected to be
wetted shall be designated as a space type (for example, “spectator area”).
(d) Rate does not include special exhaust for stage effects, e.g., dry ice vapors, smoke.
(e) When combustion equipment is intended to be used on the playing surface, additional dilution
ventilation and/or source control shall be provided.
(f) Default occupancy for dwelling units shall be two persons for studio and one-bedroom units, with one
additional person for each additional bedroom.
(g) Air from one residential dwelling shall not be recirculated or transferred to any other space outside of
that dwelling.
SBC 601-CR-18 59
TABLE 8.4 Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness SI

Air Distribution Configuration Ez
Ceiling supply of cool air. 1.0
Ceiling supply of warm air and floor return. 1.0
Ceiling supply of warm air 8°C or more above
space temperature and ceiling return. 0.8
Ceiling supply of warm air less than 8°C above
space temperature and ceiling return provided that the
0.8 m/s supply air jet reaches to within 1.4 m 1.0
of floor level. Note: For lower velocity supply
air, Ez = 0.8.
Floor supply of cool air and ceiling return provided that
the 0.8 m/s supply jet reaches 1.4 m 1.0
or more above the floor. Note: Most underfloor air distribution
systems comply with this proviso.
Floor supply of cool air and ceiling return, provided
low-velocity displacement ventilation achieves unidirectional 1.2
flow and thermal stratification.
Floor supply of warm air and floor return. 1.0
Floor supply of warm air and ceiling return. 0.7
Makeup supply drawn in on the opposite side of the
room from the exhaust and/or return. 0.8
Makeup supply drawn in near to the exhaust and/or
return location. 0.5
1. “Cool air” is air cooler than space temperature.
2. “Warm air” is air warmer than space temperature.
3. “Ceiling” includes any point above the breathing zone.
4. “Floor” includes any point below the breathing zone.
5. As an alternative to using the above values, Ez may be regarded as equal to air
change effectiveness determined in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 12947
for all air distribution configurations except unidirectional flow.
SBC 601-CR-18 60
TABLE 8.5 System Ventilation Efficiency

Max (ZP) Ev
≤0.15 1.0
≤0.25 0.9
≤0.35 0.8
≤0.45 0.7
≤0.55 0.6
>0.55 Use Appendix B
1. “Max” refers to the largest value of Zpz, calculated using Equation 8-5, among
all the ventilation zones served by the system.
2. For values of Max between 0.15 and 0.55, the corresponding value of Ev may
be determined by interpolating the values in the table.
3. The values of Ev in this table are based on a 0.15 average outdoor air fraction for the
system (i.e., the ratio of the uncorrected outdoor air intake (Vou) to the total zone
primary airflow for all the zones served by the air handler). For systems with higher
values of the average outdoor air fraction, this table may result in unrealistically low
values of Ev and the use of Appendix B may yield more practical results.
SBC 601-CR-18 61
TABLE 8.6 Minimum Exhaust Rates

Exhaust Rate, Air
Occupancy Category Notes L/s·unit L/s·m2 Class
Arenas B - - 1
Art classrooms - 3.5 2
Auto repair rooms A - 7.5 2
Barber shops - 2.5 2
Beauty and nail salons - 3.0 2
Cells with toilet - 5.0 2
Copy, printing rooms - 2.5 2
Darkrooms - 5.0 2
Educational science laboratories - 5.0 2
Janitor closets, trash rooms, recycling - 5.0 3
Kitchenettes - 1.5 2
Kitchens - commercial - 3.5 2
Locker/dressing rooms - 1.3 2
Locker rooms - 2.5 2
Paint spray booths F - 2.5 4
Parking garages C - - 2
Pet shops (animal areas) - 3.7 2
Refrigerating machinery rooms F - 4.5 3
Residential kitchens G 25/50 - 2
Soiled laundry storage rooms F - 5.0 3
Storage rooms, chemical F - 7.5 4
Toilets - private E 12.5/25 - 2
Toilets - public D 25/35 - 2
Woodwork shop/classrooms - 2.5 2
(a) Stands where engines are run shall have exhaust systems that directly connect to the engine exhaust and
prevent escape of fumes.
(b) When combustion equipment is intended to be used on the playing surface additional dilution
ventilation and/or source control shall be provided.
(c) Exhaust not required if two or more sides comprise walls that are at least 50% open to the outside.
(d) Rate is per water closet and/or urinal. Provide the higher rate where periods of heavy use are expected
to occur, e.g., toilets in theatres, schools, and sports facilities. The lower rate may be used otherwise.
(e) Rate is for a toilet room intended to be occupied by one person at a time. For continuous system
operation during normal hours of use, the lower rate may be used. Otherwise use the higher rate.
(f) See other applicable standards for exhaust rate.

(g) For continuous system operation, the lower rate may be used. Otherwise use the higher rate.
8.4 PROCEDURES used to determine minimum outdoor airflow

rates.
8.4.1 General.
Note: Although the intake airflow determined using
The Ventilation Rate Procedure and/or the IAQ each of these approaches may differ significantly
Procedure shall be used to meet the because of assumptions about the design, any of
requirements of this section. In addition, the these approaches is a valid basis for design.
requirements for exhaust ventilation in Section
8.4.5 shall be met regardless of the method 8.4.1.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure.
SBC 601-CR-18 62
The prescriptive design procedure presented air cleaners shall have a Minimum Efficiency
in Section 8.4.2, in which outdoor air intake Reporting Value (MERV) of 6 or higher when
rates are determined based on space rated in accordance with ANSI/ASHRAE
type/application, occupancy level, and floor Standard 52.245.
area, shall be permitted to be used for any
zone or system.
Note: The Ventilation Rate Procedure minimum 8.4.2.1.2 Particulate Matter Smaller than 2.5
rates are based on contaminant sources and source micrometers (PM2.5).
strengths that are typical for the listed occupancy When the building is located in an area where
categories. the national standard or guideline for PM2.5 is
8.4.1.2 IAQ Procedure. exceeded, particle filters or air cleaning
devices shall be provided to clean the outdoor
This performance-based design procedure air at any location prior to its introduction to
(presented in Section 8.4.3), in which the occupied spaces. Particulate matter filters or
building outdoor air intake rates and other air cleaners shall have a Minimum Efficiency
system design parameters are based on an Reporting Value (MERV) of 11 or higher when
analysis of contaminant sources, contaminant rated in accordance with ASHRAE Standard
concentration limits, and level of perceived 52.245.
indoor air acceptability, shall be permitted to be
used for any zone or system. 8.4.2.1.3 Ozone.
Air-cleaning devices for ozone shall be
8.4.2 Ventilation Rate Procedure.
provided when the most recent three-year
The outdoor air intake flow (Vot) for a ventilation average annual fourth-highest daily maximum
system shall be determined in accordance with eight-hour average ozone concentration
Sections 8.4.2.1 through 8.4.2.7. exceeds 209 μg/m3.
Note: Additional explanation of terms used below Such air-cleaning devices shall have a
is contained in Appendix B (Figure B-1) in SBC minimum volumetric ozone removal efficiency
602 User Manual. of 40% when installed, operated, and
maintained in accordance with manufacturer
8.4.2.1 Outdoor Air Treatment.
recommendations and shall be approved by
If outdoor air is judged to be unacceptable for the respective local authority. Such devices
use as direct ventilation, each ventilation shall be operated whenever outdoor ozone
system that provides outdoor air through a levels are expected to exceed 209 μg/m3.
supply fan shall comply with the following
Exceptions: Air cleaning for ozone is not required
sections.
when:
Exception: Systems supplying air for enclosed
(a) The minimum system design outdoor air
parking garages, warehouses, storage rooms,
intake flow results in 1.5 ach or less.
janitor’s closets, trash rooms, recycling areas,
shipping/receiving/distribution areas. (b) Controls are provided that sense outdoor
ozone level and reduce intake airflow to
Note: Occupied spaces ventilated with outdoor air result in 1.5 ach or less while complying
that is judged to be unacceptable are subject to with the outdoor airflow requirements of
reduced air quality when outdoor air is not cleaned Section 8.4.
prior to introduction to the occupied spaces. 8.4.2.1.4 Other Outdoor Contaminants.
8.4.2.1.1 Particulate Matter Smaller than 10 When the building is located in an area where
Micrometers (PM10). the national standard for one or more
When the building is located in an area where contaminants not specifically addressed in
the national standard or guideline for PM10 is Section 8.4.2.1 is exceeded, any design
exceeded, particle filters or air-cleaning assumptions and/or calculations related to the
devices shall be provided to clean the outdoor impact on indoor air quality shall be included in
air at any location prior to its introduction to the design documents.
occupied spaces. Particulate matter filters or 8.4.2.2 Zone Calculations.
SBC 601-CR-18 63
Ventilation zone parameters shall be Pz = zone population: the number of people in

determined in accordance with Sections the ventilation zone during typical usage.
8.4.2.2.1 through 8.4.2.2.3 for each ventilation
Rp = outdoor airflow rate required per person
zone served by the ventilation system.
as determined from Table 8.3.
8.4.2.2.1 Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow.
Note: These values are based on adapted occupants.
The outdoor airflow required in the breathing
Ra = outdoor airflow rate required per unit area
zone of the occupiable space or spaces in a
as determined from Table 8.7.
ventilation zone, i.e., the breathing zone
outdoor airflow, shall be no less than the value Note: Equation 8-1 accounts for people-related
determined in accordance with Equation 8-1. sources and area-related sources independently in
the determination of the outdoor air rate required at
the breathing zone. The use of Equation 8-1 in the
𝑉𝑏𝑧 = 𝑅𝑝 𝑃𝑧 + 𝑅𝑎 𝐴𝑧 (8-1) context of this Code does not necessarily imply that
where simple addition of outdoor airflow rates for
different sources can be applied to any other aspect
Az = zone floor area: the net occupiable floor of indoor air quality.
area of the ventilation zone m2
SBC 601-CR-18 64
TABLE 8.7 Minimum Maintenance Activity and Frequency

Activity
Item Code Minimum Frequency*
Filters and air-cleaning devices A According to O&M Manual
Outdoor air dampers and actuators B Every three months or in accordance with O&M Manual
Humidifiers C Every three months of use or in accordance with O&M Manual
Regularly when it is likely that dehumidification occurs but
Dehumidification coils D
no less than once per year or as specified in the O&M Manual
Drain pans and other adjacent surfaces Once per year during cooling season or as
D
subject to wetting specified in the O&M Manual
Outdoor air intake louvers, bird screens,
E Every six months or as specified in the O&M Manual
mist eliminators, and adjacent areas
Sensors used for dynamic Every six months or periodically in accordance
F
minimum outdoor air control with O&M Manual
Air-handling systems except for units
G Once every five years
under 1000 L/s
Cooling towers H In accordance with O&M Manual or treatment system provider
Floor drains located in plenums or
I Periodically according to O&M Manual
rooms that serve as air plenums
Equipment/component accessibility J
Visible microbial contamination K
Water intrusion or accumulation K
ACTIVITY CODE:
A: Maintain according to O&M Manual.
B: Visually inspect or remotely monitor for proper function.
C: Clean and maintain to limit fouling and microbial growth.
D: Visually inspect for cleanliness and microbial growth and clean when fouling is observed.
E: Visually inspect for cleanliness and integrity and clean when necessary.
F: Verify accuracy and recalibrate or replace as necessary.
G: Measure minimum quantity of outdoor air. If measured minimum airflow rates are less than 90% of the
minimum outdoor air rate in the O&M Manual, they shall be adjusted or modified to bring them
above 90% or shall be evaluated to determine if the measured rates are in conformance with this standard.
H: Treat to limit the growth of microbiological contaminants.
I: Maintain to prevent transport of contaminants from the floor drain to the plenum.
J: Keep clear the space provided for routine maintenance and inspection around ventilation equipment.
K: Investigate and rectify.
* Minimum frequencies may be increased or decreased if indicated in the O&M Manual.
(b) If the largest or average number of people

8.4.2.2.1.1 Design Zone Population.
expected to occupy the ventilation zone
Design zone population (Pz) shall equal cannot be established for a specific design,
the largest (peak) number of people an estimated value for zone population
expected to occupy the ventilation zone shall be permitted, provided such value is
during typical usage. the product of the net occupiable area of the
Exceptions: ventilation zone and the default occupant
density listed in Table 8.3
(a) If the number of people expected to occupy
the ventilation zone fluctuates, zone 8.4.2.2.2 Zone Air
population equal to the average number of Distribution Effectiveness. The zone air
people shall be permitted, provided such distribution effectiveness (Ez) shall be no
average is determined in accordance with greater than the default value determined
Section 8.4.2.6.2. using Table 8.4
SBC 601-CR-18 65
Note: For some configurations, the default value Note: For VAV-system design purposes, Vpz is the
depends upon space and supply air temperature. lowest zone primary airflow value expected at the
design condition analyzed.
8.4.2.2.3 Zone Outdoor Airflow.
The zone outdoor airflow (Voz), i.e., the outdoor Note: In some cases it is acceptable to determine
airflow rate that must be provided to the these parameters for only selected zones as outlined
ventilation zone by the supply air distribution in Normative Appendix B.
system, shall be determined in accordance
with Equation 8-2.
8.4.2.5.2 System Ventilation Efficiency.
𝑉𝑜𝑧 = 𝑉𝑏𝑧 /𝐸𝑧 (8-2)
The system ventilation efficiency (Ev) shall be
determined in accordance with Table 8.5 or
8.4.2.3 Single-Zone Systems. Normative Appendix B.
For ventilation systems wherein one or more 8.4.2.5.3 Uncorrected Outdoor Air Intake.
air handlers supply a mixture of outdoor air and
The uncorrected outdoor air intake (Vou) flow
recirculated air to only one ventilation zone, the
shall be determined in accordance with
outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined
Equation 8-6.
in accordance with Equation 8-3.
𝑉𝑜𝑢 = 𝐷 ∑𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠(𝑅𝑝 · 𝑃𝑧 ) +
𝑉𝑜𝑡 = 𝑉𝑜𝑧 (8-3)
∑𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠(𝑅𝑎 · 𝐴𝑧 )
(8-6)
8.4.2.4 100% Outdoor Air Systems.
For ventilation systems wherein one or more 8.4.2.5.3.1 Occupant Diversity.
air handlers supply only outdoor air to one or
more ventilation zones, the outdoor air intake The occupant diversity ratio (D) shall be
flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance determined in accordance with Equation 8-7 to
with Equation 8-4. account for variations in population within the
ventilation zones served by the system.
𝑉𝑜𝑡 = ∑𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑉𝑜𝑧 (8-4) 𝐷 = 𝑃𝑠 / ∑𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑧 (8-7)

8.4.2.5 Multiple-Zone Recirculating Systems. where the system population (Ps) is the total
population in the area served by the system.
For ventilation systems wherein one or more
air handlers supply a mixture of outdoor air and Exception: Alternative methods to account for
recirculated air to more than one ventilation occupant diversity shall be permitted, provided that
zone, the outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be the resulting Vou value is no less than that
determined in accordance with Sections determined using Equation 8-6.
8.4.2.5.1 through 8.4.2.5.4. Note: The uncorrected outdoor air intake (Vou) is
adjusted for occupant diversity, but it is not
8.4.2.5.1 Primary Outdoor Air Fraction. corrected for system ventilation efficiency.
Primary outdoor air fraction (Zpz) shall be 8.4.2.5.3.2 Design System Population.
determined for ventilation zones in accordance
with Equation 8-5. Design system population (Ps) shall equal the
largest (peak) number of people expected to
occupy all ventilation zones served by the
𝑍𝑝𝑧 = 𝑉𝑜𝑧 /𝑉𝑝𝑧 (8-5) ventilation system during typical usage.
Note: Design system population is always equal to
where Vpz is the zone primary airflow, i.e., the or less than the sum of design zone population for
primary airflow rate to the ventilation zone from all zones in the area served by the system, since all
the air handler, including outdoor air and zones may or may not be simultaneously occupied
recirculated air. at design population.
8.4.2.5.4 Outdoor Air Intake.
SBC 601-CR-18 66
The design outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be the minimum outdoor air intake (Vot)
determined in accordance with Equation 8-8. calculated using Equation 8-3, 8-4, or 8-8
as appropriate.
𝑉𝑜𝑡 = 𝑉𝑜𝑢 /𝐸𝑣 (8-8) 8.4.2.7 Dynamic Reset.
8.4.2.6 Design for Varying Operating The system may be designed to reset the
Conditions outdoor air intake flow (Vot) and/or space or
ventilation zone airflow (Voz) as operating
8.4.2.6.1 Variable Load Conditions. conditions change.
Ventilation systems shall be designed to be 8.4.2.7.1 Demand Control Ventilation
capable of providing no less than the minimum (DCV)
ventilation rates required in the breathing zone
whenever the zones served by the system are 8.4.2.7.1.1 DCV shall be permitted as an optional
occupied, including all full- and part-load means of dynamic reset.
conditions. Exception: CO2-based DCV shall not be applied in
Note: The minimum outdoor air intake flow may be zones with indoor sources of CO2 other than
less than the design value at part-load conditions. occupants or with CO2 removal mechanisms, such
as gaseous air cleaners.
8.4.2.6.2 Short-Term Conditions. If it is 8.4.2.7.1.2 The breathing zone outdoor airflow
known that peak occupancy will be of (Vbz) shall be reset in response to current
short duration and/or ventilation will be occupancy and shall be no less than the building
varied or interrupted for a short period of component (Ra · Az) of the DCV zone.
time, the design may be based on the Note: Examples of reset methods or devices include
average conditions over a time period (T) population counters, carbon dioxide sensors,
determined by Equation 8-9 using SI timers, occupancy schedules or occupancy sensors.
units. 8.4.2.7.1.3 The ventilation system shall be
controlled such that at steady-state it provides
𝑇 = 50𝑣 /𝑉𝑏𝑧 (8-9) each zone with no less than the breathing zone
where outdoor airflow (Vbz) for the current zone
population.
T = averaging time period, min
8.4.2.7.1.4 When the mechanical air-
v = the volume of the ventilation zone for which conditioning system is dehumidifying, the
averaging is being applied, m3 current total outdoor air intake flow for the
Vbz = the breathing zone outdoor airflow building shall be no less than the coincident total
calculated using Equation 8-1 and the design exhaust airflow.
value of the zone population (Pz), L/s 8.4.2.7.1.5 Documentation.
Acceptable design adjustments based on this A written description of the equipment,
optional provision include the following: methods, control sequences, set points, and
(a) Zones with fluctuating occupancy: the zone the intended operational functions shall be
population (Pz) may be averaged over time provided. A table shall be provided that shows
(T). the minimum and maximum outdoor intake
airflow for each system.
(b) Zones with intermittent interruption of
supply air: the average outdoor airflow 8.4.2.7.2 Ventilation Efficiency.
supplied to the breathing zone over time (T) Variations in the efficiency with which outdoor
shall be no less than the breathing zone air is distributed to the occupants under
outdoor airflow (Vbz) calculated using different ventilation system airflows and
Equation 8-1. temperatures shall be permitted as an optional
(c) Systems with intermittent closure of the basis of dynamic reset.
outdoor air intake: the average outdoor air 8.4.2.7.3 Outdoor Air Fraction.
intake over time (T) shall be no less than
SBC 601-CR-18 67
A higher fraction of outdoor air in the air supply for each contaminant or mixture of concern
due to intake of additional outdoor air for free within each zone served by the system.
cooling or exhaust air makeup shall be
Notes:
permitted as an optional basis of dynamic
reset. (a) Appendix D includes steady-state mass-
balance equations that describe the impact
8.4.3 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of air cleaning on outdoor air and
Procedure. recirculation rates for ventilation systems
Breathing zone outdoor airflow (Vbz) and/or serving a single zone.
system outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be (b) In the completed building, measurement of
determined in accordance with Sections the concentration of contaminants or
8.4.3.1 through 8.4.3.5. mixtures of concern may be useful as a
8.4.3.1 Contaminant Sources. means of checking the accuracy of the
design mass-balance analysis, but such
Contaminants or mixtures of concern for measurement is not required for
purposes of the design shall be identified. For compliance.
each contaminant or mixture of concern, indoor
sources (occupants and materials) and 8.4.3.4.2 Subjective Evaluation.
outdoor sources shall be identified, and the Using a subjective occupant evaluation
emission rate for each contaminant of concern conducted in the completed building,
from each source shall be determined. determine the minimum outdoor airflow rates
required to achieve the level of acceptability
Note: Appendix C lists information for some specified in Section 8.4.3.3 within each zone
potential contaminants of concern. served by the system.
8.4.3.2 Contaminant Concentration. Notes:
For each contaminant of concern, a (a) Appendix C presents one approach to

concentration limit and its corresponding subjective occupant evaluation.
exposure period and an appropriate reference (b) Level of acceptability often increases in
to a cognizant authority shall be specified. response to increased outdoor airflow rates,
Note: Appendix C includes concentration increased level of indoor and/or outdoor air
guidelines for some potential contaminants of cleaning, or decreased indoor and/or
concern. outdoor contaminant emission rate.
8.4.3.3 Perceived Indoor Air Quality. 8.4.3.4.3 Similar Zone.
The design level of indoor air acceptability shall The minimum outdoor airflow rates shall be no
be specified in terms of the percentage of less than those found in accordance with
building occupants and/or visitors expressing Section 8.4.3.4.2 for a substantially similar
satisfaction with perceived IAQ. zone (i.e., in a zone with identical contaminants
of concern, concentration limits, air cleaning
8.4.3.4 Design Approach. efficiency, and specified level of acceptability;
Zone and system outdoor airflow rates shall be and with similar contaminant sources and
the larger of those determined in accordance emission rates).
with Sections 8.4.3.4.1 and either 8.4.3.4.2 or 8.4.3.5 Combined IAQ Procedure and
8.4.3.4.3, based on emission rates, Ventilation Rate Procedure.
concentration limits, and other relevant design
parameters (e.g., air cleaning efficiencies and The IAQ procedure in conjunction with the
supply airflow rates). Ventilation Rate Procedure may be applied to
a zone or system. In this case, the Ventilation
8.4.3.4.1 Mass Balance Analysis. Rate Procedure shall be used to determine the
Using a steady-state or dynamic mass-balance required zone minimum outdoor airflow, and
analysis, determine the minimum outdoor the IAQ Procedure shall be used to determine
airflow rates required to achieve the the additional outdoor air or air cleaning
concentration limits specified in Section 8.4.3.2
SBC 601-CR-18 68
necessary to achieve the concentration limits When recommended by the manufacturer,

of the contaminants of concern. building materials shall be protected from rain
and other sources of moisture by appropriate
Note: The improvement of indoor air quality
in-transit and on-site procedures. Porous
through the use of air cleaning or provision of
materials with visible microbial growth shall not
additional outdoor air in conjunction with minimum
be installed. Nonporous materials with visible
ventilation rates may be quantified using the IAQ
microbial growth shall be decontaminated.
procedure.
8.5.1.4 Protection of Occupied Areas
8.4.3.6 Documentation.
8.5.1.4.1 Application.
When the IAQ Procedure is used, the following
information shall be included in the design The requirements of Section 8.5.1.4 apply
documentation: the contaminants of concern when construction requires a building permit
considered in the design process, the sources and entails sanding, cutting, grinding, or other
and emission rates of the contaminants of activities that generate significant amounts of
concern, the concentration limits and exposure airborne particles or procedures that generate
periods and the references for these limits, and significant amounts of gaseous contaminants.
the analytical approach used to determine
8.5.1.4.2 Protective Measures.
ventilation rates and air cleaning requirements.
The contaminant monitoring and occupant Measures shall be employed to reduce the
and/ or visitor evaluation plans shall also be migration of construction-generated
included in the documentation. contaminants to occupied areas. Examples of
acceptable measures include, but are not
8.4.4 Reserved. limited to, sealing the construction area using
8.4.5 Exhaust Ventilation. temporary walls or plastic sheathing,
exhausting the construction area, and/or
The design exhaust airflow shall be determined pressurizing contiguous occupied areas.
in accordance with the requirements in Table
8.6. Exhaust makeup air may be any 8.5.1.5 Air Duct System Construction.
combination of outdoor air, recirculated air, and Air duct systems shall be constructed in
transfer air. accordance with the following standards, as
8.4.6 Design Documentation applicable:
Procedures. (a) a. The following sections of SMACNA’s
Design criteria and assumptions shall be HVAC Duct Construction Standards-Metal
documented and should be made available for and Flexible48:
operation of the system within a reasonable i. Section S1.9 of Section 1.3.1, Duct
time after installation. Construction and Installation
8.5 CONSTRUCTION AND SYSTEM Standards
START-UP ii. Section 7.4, Installation Standards for
Rectangular Ducts Using Flexible
8.5.1 Construction Phase Liner
8.5.1.1 Application. iii. Section 3.5, Duct Installation Standards
The requirements of this section apply to iv. Section 3.6, Specification for Joining
ventilation systems and the spaces they serve and Attaching Flexible Duct
in new buildings and additions to or alterations v. Section 3.7, Specification for
in existing buildings. Supporting Flexible Duct
8.5.1.2 Filters.
vi. Sections S6.1, S6.3, S6.4, and S6.5 of
Section 9.1, Casing and Plenum
Systems designed with particle filters shall not Construction Standards
be operated without filters in place.
(b) b. All sections of SMACNA’s Fibrous
8.5.1.3 Protection of Materials. Glass Duct Construction Standards49
SBC 601-CR-18 69
(c) c. NFPA 90A50, Standard for the

Installation of Air-Conditioning and
Ventilating Systems, and NFPA 8.5.2.6 Documentation.
51
90B ,Standard for the Installation of The following ventilation system
Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning documentation shall be provided in Arabic
Systems language, or Arabic and English to the building
owner or his/her designee, retained within the
8.5.2 System Start-Up
building, and made available to the building
8.5.2.1 Application. operating personnel:
The requirements of this section apply to the (a) An operating and maintenance manual
following ventilation systems: describing basic data relating to the
operation and maintenance of ventilation
(a) Newly installed air-handling systems.
systems and equipment as installed.
(b) Existing air-handling systems undergoing
(b) HVAC controls information consisting of
supply air or outdoor airflow reduction—
diagrams, schematics, control sequence
only the requirements of Section 8.5.2.2
narratives, and maintenance and/or
shall apply to these altered systems.
calibration information.
(c) Existing air-handling distribution systems
(c) An air balance report documenting the
undergoing alterations affecting more than
work performed for Section 8.5.2.2.
25% of the floor area served by the
systems—only the requirements of Section (d) Construction drawings of record, control
8.5.2.2 shall apply to these altered systems. drawings, and final design drawings.
8.5.2.2 Air Balancing. (e) Design criteria and assumptions.
Ventilation systems shall be balanced in 8.6 OPERATIONS AND
accordance with ASHRAE Standard 11152 MAINTENANCE
SMACNA’s HVAC Systems—Testing,
Adjusting and Balancing53, or equivalent at 8.6.1 General
least to the extent necessary to verify 8.6.1.1 Application.
conformance with the total outdoor airflow and
space supply airflow requirements of this The requirements of this section apply to
Code. buildings and their ventilation systems and
their components constructed or renovated
8.5.2.3 Testing of Drain Pans. after the adoption date of this section.
To minimize conditions of water stagnation that 8.6.1.2 Building Alterations or Change-of-Use.
may result in microbial growth, drain pans shall
be field tested under normal operating Ventilation system design, operation, and
conditions to ensure proper drainage. maintenance shall be reevaluated when
changes in building use or occupancy
Exception: Field testing of drain pans is not category, significant building alterations,
required if units with factory-installed drain pans significant changes in occupant density, or
have been certified (attested in writing) by the other changes inconsistent with system design
manufacturer for proper drainage when installed as assumptions are made.
recommended.
8.6.2 Operations and Maintenance
8.5.2.4 Ventilation System Start-Up. Manual.
Ventilation air distribution systems shall be An Operations and Maintenance (O&M)
clean of dirt and debris. Manual, either written or electronic, shall be
8.5.2.5 Outdoor Air Dampers. developed and maintained on site or in a
centrally accessible location for the working life
Prior to occupancy, each ventilation system
of the applicable ventilation system equipment
shall be tested to ensure that outdoor air
or components. This manual shall be updated
dampers operate properly in accordance with
as necessary. The manual shall include the
the system design.
O&M procedures, ventilation system operating
SBC 601-CR-18 70
schedules and any changes made thereto, months or as specified in the O&M Manual and
final design drawings, maintenance schedules shall be cleaned if needed. Areas adjacent to
and any changes made thereto, and the drain pans that were subjected to wetting shall
maintenance requirements and frequencies be investigated, cleaned if necessary, and the
detailed in Section 8.6.4. cause of unintended wetting rectified.
8.6.3 Ventilation System Operation. 8.6.4.1.6 Outdoor Air Intake Louvers.
Mechanical ventilation systems shall be Outdoor air intake louvers, bird screens, mist
operated in a manner consistent with the O&M eliminators, and adjacent areas shall be
Manual. Systems shall be operated such that visually inspected for cleanliness and integrity
spaces are ventilated in accordance with at a minimum of once every six months or as
Section 8.4 when they are expected to be specified in the O&M Manual and cleaned as
occupied. needed. When visible debris or visible
biological material is observed, it shall be
8.6.4 Ventilation System Maintenance removed. Physical damage to louvers,
8.6.4.1 Ventilation System Components. screens, or mist eliminators shall be repaired if
such damage impairs their function in
The building ventilation system components preventing contaminant entry.
shall be maintained in accordance with the
O&M Manual or as required by this section and 8.6.4.1.7 Sensors.
summarized in Table 8.7. Sensors whose primary function is dynamic
8.6.4.1.1 Filters and Air-Cleaning minimum outdoor air control, such as flow
Devices. stations at an air handler and those used for
demand control ventilation, shall have their
All filters and air-cleaning devices shall be accuracy verified as specified in the O&M
replaced or maintained as specified by the Manual. This activity shall occur at a minimum
O&M Manual. of once every six months or periodically in
8.6.4.1.2 Outdoor Air accordance with the O&M Manual. A sensor
failing to meet the accuracy specified in the
Dampers. At a minimum of once every three
O&M Manual shall be recalibrated or replaced.
months or as specified in the O&M Manual, the
outdoor air dampers and actuators shall be 8.6.4.1.8 Outdoor Airflow Verification.
visually inspected or remotely monitored to The total quantity of outdoor air to air handlers
verify that they are functioning in accordance except for units under 1000 L/s of supply air
with the O&M Manual. shall be measured in minimum outdoor air
8.6.4.1.3 Humidifiers. mode once every five years. If measured
minimum airflow rates are less than the design
Humidifiers shall be cleaned and maintained to
minimum rate (±10% balancing tolerance)
limit fouling and microbial growth. These documented in the O&M Manual, they shall be
systems shall be inspected at a minimum of
adjusted or modified to bring them to the
once every three months of operation and/or
minimum design rate or evaluated to determine
treated as specified in the O&M Manual. if the measured rates are in compliance with
8.6.4.1.4 Dehumidification Coils. this Code.
All dehumidifying cooling coils shall be visually 8.6.4.1.9 Cooling Towers.
inspected for cleanliness and microbial growth
Cooling tower water systems shall be treated
regularly when it is likely that dehumidification
to limit the growth of microbiological
occurs but no less than once per year or as
contaminants including legionella in
specified in the O&M Manual and shall be
accordance with the O&M Manual or the water
cleaned when fouling or microbial growth is treatment program.
observed.
8.6.4.1.10 Equipment/Component
8.6.4.1.5 Drain Pans.
Accessibility.
Drain pans shall be visually inspected for
cleanliness and microbial growth every 6
SBC 601-CR-18 71
CHAPTER 8—
The space provided for routine maintenance 1 Measure the noise with an integrating
and inspection around ventilation equipment sound level meter with a real-time
shall be kept clear as per equipment manuals. frequency analyzer meeting type 1 or 2
specifications. The meter should have
8.6.4.1.11 Floor Drains.
been calibrated by an accredited
Floor drains located in air plenums or rooms calibration laboratory, with some
that serve as plenums shall be maintained to assurance that the calibration accuracy
prevent transport of contaminants from the has been maintained.
floor drain to the plenum. 2 Set the meter to display and save the
8.6.4.2 Microbial Contamination. equivalent energy sound pressure level
(Leq) with the desired frequency
Visible microbial contamination shall be filtering (e.g., octave bands, A-
investigated and rectified. weighted, etc.). Each measurement
8.6.4.3 Water Intrusion. should be 15 s long.
3 Place the measurement microphone in
Water intrusion or accumulation in ventilation potential listening locations at least 1 m
system components such as ducts, plenums, from room boundaries and noise
and air handlers shall be investigated and sources and at least 0.5 m from
rectified. furniture. More than one location may
8.7 Noise Level be measured, and the microphone may
be moved during measurement;
8.7.1 Room Criteria. movement shall not exceed 0.15 m/s.
4 Note the operational conditions of the
Ventilation and air conditioning systems must
ventilation and air conditioning
be designed to operate quietly. Ventilation and
systems at the time of the test. Turn off
air conditioning-related sound in rooms should
all nonventilation and air conditioning
be 35 to 45 dBA or room criteria (RC) 25 to 35.
system noises during the test. Measure
8.7.2 Necessary Equipment. in a normally furnished, unoccupied
room.
Sound attenuators, acoustic lining, insulation
5 The test may be repeated with the entire
panels, vibration isolations, and other shall be
ventilation and air conditioning system
provided where necessary to achieve the room
turned off, to determine whether the
criteria specified in section 8.7.1.
rooms ambient noise level from non-
8.7.3 Testing. ventilation and air conditioning sources
is contaminating the results.
When taking field measurements to determine
6 Record the sound level meter make,
where the space complies with the above
model, and serial number, the
criteria, the test precautions mentioned in
measured sound pressure levels, the
ASHRAE handbook (2011 ASHRAE
ventilation and air conditioning
Applications41) must be followed, and must be
system’s operating conditions, and the
performed by an individual acceptable to the
microphone location(s)
respective local authority.
SBC 601-CR-18 72
CHAPTER 9—LIGHTING
9.1 General except as specifically exempted in Sections

9.1.1, 9.2.2.3, or 9.4.3.
9.1.1 Scope.
Exception: If two or more independently operating
This section shall apply to the following: lighting systems in a space are capable of being
(a) interior spaces of buildings controlled to prevent simultaneous user operation,
the installed interior lighting power or the installed
(b) exterior building features, including exterior lighting power shall be based solely on the
facades, illuminated roofs, architectural lighting system with the highest wattage.
features, entrances, exits, loading docks,
and illuminated canopies 9.1.4 Interior and Exterior Luminaire
(c) exterior building grounds lighting provided Wattage.
through the building’s electrical service Luminaire wattage, when used to calculate
Exceptions: either installed interior lighting power or
installed exterior lighting power, shall be
(a) emergency lighting that is automatically off determined in accordance with the following
during normal building operation criteria:
(b) lighting that is specifically designated as (a) The wattage of line-voltage luminaires not
required by a health or life safety statute, containing permanently installed ballasts,
ordinance, or regulation transformers, or similar devices shall be the
(c) decorative gas lighting systems manufacturers’ labeled maximum wattage
of the luminaire.
9.1.2 Lighting Alterations.
(b) The wattage of luminaires with
For the alteration of any lighting system in an permanently installed or remote ballasts,
interior space, that space shall comply with the transformers, or similar devices shall be the
lighting power density (LPD) requirements of operating input wattage of the maximum
Section 9 applicable to that space and the lamp/auxiliary combination based on
automatic shutoff requirements of Section values from the auxiliary manufacturers’
9.4.1.1. For the alteration of any lighting literature or recognized testing laboratories
system in an exterior building application, that or shall be the maximum labeled wattage of
lighting system shall comply with the lighting the luminaire.
power density (LPD) requirements of Section 9
Exception: Lighting power calculations for ballasts
applicable to the area illuminated by that
with adjustable ballast factors shall be based on the
lighting system and the applicable control
ballast factor that will be used in the space provided
requirements of Sections 9.4.1.7a and
that the ballast factor is not user changeable.
9.4.1.7b.
(c) For line-voltage lighting track and plug-in
Exception: Alterations that involve less than 10%
busway, designed to allow the addition
of the connected lighting load in a space or area
and/or relocation of luminaires without
need not comply with these requirements provided
altering the wiring of the system, the
that such alterations do not increase the installed
wattage shall be
LPD.
1 the specified wattage of the luminaires
9.1.3 Installed Lighting Power. included in the system with a minimum
The luminaire wattage for all interior and of 98 W/lin m or
exterior applications shall include all power 2 the wattage limit of the system’s circuit
used by the luminaires, including lamps, breaker or
ballasts, transformers, and control devices
SBC 601-CR-18 73
3 the wattage limit of other permanent nor shall the wattage for such lighting be included
current-limiting device(s) on the in the installed interior lighting power identified in
system. accordance with Section 9.1.3. However, any such
lighting shall not be exempt unless it is an addition
(d) The wattage of low-voltage lighting track,
to general lighting and is controlled by an
cable conductor, rail conductor, and other
independent control device.
flexible lighting systems that allow the
addition and/or relocation of luminaires (a) Display or accent lighting that is an
without altering the wiring of the system essential element for the function
shall be the specified wattage of the performed in galleries, museums, and
transformer supplying the system. monuments.
(e) The wattage of all other miscellaneous (b) Lighting that is integral to equipment or
lighting equipment shall be the specified instrumentation and is installed by its
wattage of the lighting equipment. manufacturer.
9.2 Compliance Path(s) (c) Lighting specifically designed for use only
during medical or dental procedures and
9.2.1 Lighting systems and equipment lighting integral to medical equipment.
shall comply with Sections 9.1, General;
9.4, Mandatory Provisions, 9.7, Submittals; (d) Lighting integral to both open and glass-
and the prescriptive requirements of either: enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases.
(e) Lighting integral to food warming and food
(a) Section 9.5, Building Area Method; or
preparation equipment.
(b) Section 9.6, Space-by-Space Method.
(f) Lighting in spaces specifically designed for
9.2.2 Reserved for numbering use by occupants with special lighting
consistency needs including visual impairment and
other medical and age-related issues.
9.2.2.1 The Building Area Method for
determining the interior lighting power (g) Lighting in retail display windows,
allowance, described in Section 9.5, is a provided the display area is enclosed by
simplified approach for demonstrating ceiling-height partitions.
compliance. (h) Lighting in interior spaces that have been
9.2.2.2 The Space-by-Space Method, specifically designated as a registered
described in Section 9.6, is an alternative interior historic landmark.
approach that allows greater flexibility. (i) Lighting that is an integral part of
9.2.2.3 Interior Lighting Power. advertising or directional signage.
The interior lighting power allowance for a (j) Exit signs.
building or a separately metered or permitted (k) Lighting that is for sale or lighting
portion of a building shall be determined by educational demonstration systems.
either the Building Area Method described in
Section 9.5 or the Space-by-Space Method (l) Lighting for theatrical purposes, including
described in Section 9.6. Trade-offs of interior performance, stage, and film and video
lighting power allowance among portions of the production.
building for which a different method of (m) Lighting for television broadcasting in
calculation has been used are not permitted. sporting activity areas.
The installed interior lighting power identified in
accordance with Section 9.1.3 shall not exceed (n) Furniture-mounted supplemental task
the interior lighting power allowance developed lighting that is controlled by automatic
in accordance with Section 9.5 or 9.6. shutoff and complies with Section
9.4.1.6(d).
Exceptions: The following lighting equipment and
applications shall not be considered when (o) Mirror lighting in dressing rooms and
determining the interior lighting power allowance accent lighting in Mosques.
developed in accordance with Section 9.5 or 9.6,
SBC 601-CR-18 74
(p) Parking garage transition lighting: Lighting (b) Lighting in spaces where patient care is
for covered vehicle entrances and exits rendered.
from buildings and parking structures that
(c) Lighting in spaces where an automatic
comply with Sections 9.4.1.3a and 9.4.1.3c.
shutoff would endanger the safety or
Each transition zone shall not exceed a
security of the room or building
depth of 20 m inside the structure and a
occupant(s).
width of 5 m.
(d) Lighting in residential living spaces.
9.3 (Not Used)
9.4.1.2 Space Control.
Each space enclosed by ceiling height
9.4.1 Lighting Control. partitions shall have at least one control device
Building controls shall meet the provisions of to independently control the general lighting
Sections 9.4.1.1, 9.4.1.2, 9.4.1.3, 9.4.1.4, within the space. Each manual device shall be
9.4.1.5, 9.4.1.6, and 9.4.1.7. Any automatic readily accessible and located so the
control device required in Sections 9.4.1.1, occupants can see the controlled lighting. All
9.4.1.2, and 9.4.1.6 shall either be manual on controlled lighting shall meet the following
or shall be controlled to automatically turn the requirements:
lighting on to not more than 50% power, except (a) The controlled lighting shall have at least
in the following spaces where full automatic-on one control step between 30% and 70%
is allowed; (inclusive) of full lighting power in
(a) public corridors and stairwells, addition to all off.
(b) restrooms, Exceptions to 9.4.1.2a:
1 Lights in corridors,
(c) primary building entrance areas and electrical/mechanical rooms, public
lobbies, and lobbies, restrooms, stairways, and
(d) areas where manual-on operation would storage rooms.
endanger the safety or security of the room 2 Spaces with only one luminaire with
or building occupant(s). rated input power less than 100W.
3 Spaces types with lighting power
9.4.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff. allowance of less than 6 W/m2 (see
Interior lighting in buildings shall be controlled Table 9.3).
with an automatic control device to shut off 4 Lighting in residential living spaces.
building lighting in all spaces. This automatic (b) An occupant sensor or a timer switch shall
control device shall function on either: be installed that automatically turns
(a) a scheduled basis using a time-of-day lighting off within 30 minutes of all
operated control device that turns lighting occupants leaving a space in:
off at specific programmed times - an 1 classrooms and lecture halls,
independent program schedule shall be 2 conference, meeting, and training
provided for areas of no more than 2323 m2 rooms,
but not more than one floor - or 3 employee lunch and break rooms,
(b) an occupant sensor that shall turn lighting 4 storage and supply rooms between
off within 30 minutes of an occupant 15.24 m2 and 304.8 m2,
leaving a space, or 5 rooms used for document copying and
printing,
(c) a signal from another control or alarm 6 office spaces up to 76.2 m2,
system that indicates the area is 7 restrooms, and
unoccupied. 8 dressing, locker, and fitting rooms.
Exceptions: The following shall not require an Exceptions to 9.4.1.2b: These spaces are not
automatic control device: required to be connected to other automatic lighting
shutoff controls:
(a) Lighting required for 24-hour operation. 1 spaces with multi-scene control
systems,
SBC 601-CR-18 75
2 shop and laboratory classrooms, (b) Applications using HID of 150 watts or less
3 spaces where an automatic shutoff or Induction lamps are exempt from section
would endanger the safety or security b above.
of the room or building occupant(s),
9.4.1.4 Automatic Daylighting Controls for
4 lighting required for 24-hour operation,
Primary Sidelighted Areas.
and
5 lighting in residential living spaces. When the combined primary sidelighted area in
an enclosed space equals or exceeds 23 m2,
(c) For spaces not included in Section 9.4.1.2b,
the lamps for general lighting in the primary
each control device shall be activated either
sidelighted area shall be separately controlled
manually by an occupant or automatically
by at least one multilevel photocontrol
by sensing an occupant. Each control
(including continuous dimming devices) having
device shall control a maximum of 232 m2
the following characteristics:
area for a space 929 m2 or less and a
maximum of 929 m2 area for a space (a) the light sensor for the photocontrol shall be
greater than 929 m2. The occupant shall be remote from where calibration adjustments
able to override any time-of-day scheduled are made;
shutoff control for no more than two hours. (b) the calibration adjustments shall be readily
Exception to 9.4.1.2c: Remote location shall be accessible; and
permitted for reasons of safety or security when the (c) the multilevel photocontrol shall reduce
remote control device has an indicator pilot light as electric lighting in response to available
part of or next to the control device and the light is daylight with at least one control step that
clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting. is between 50% and 70% of design lighting
9.4.1.3 Parking Garage Lighting Control. power and another control step that is no
greater than 35% (including off) of design
Lighting for parking garages shall comply with
power.
the following requirements:
(a) Comply with Section 9.4.1.1.
Exceptions:
(b) Lighting shall be controlled by one or more
(a) Primary sidelighted areas where the top of
devices that automatically reduce lighting
power of each luminaire by a minimum of the existing adjacent structures are twice as
30% when there is no activity detected high above the windows as their distance
within a lighting zone for no more than 30 away from the windows,
minutes. Lighting zones for this (b) Primary sidelighted areas where the
requirement shall be no larger than 334 m2, sidelighting effective aperture is less than
(c) Daylight transition zone lighting, as 0.1 (10%) retail spaces,
described in Section 9.2.2.3 exception r, (c) Residential living spaces.
shall be separately controlled by a device
9.4.1.5 Reserved
that automatically turns lighting on during
daylight hours and off at sunset. 9.4.1.6 Additional Control.
(d) For luminaires within 6 m of any perimeter Additional controls shall meet the following
wall structure that has a net opening to wall requirements:
ratio of at least 40% and no exterior
(a) Display/Accent Lighting—display or
obstructions within 6 m, the power shall be
accent lighting shall have a separate control
automatically reduced in response to
device.
daylight.
(b) Case Lighting—lighting in cases used for
Exceptions:
display purposes shall have a separate
(a) Daylight transitions zones and ramps control device.
without parking are exempt from sections b
(c) Guest Room Lighting—Guestrooms in
and d above.
hotels, motels, boarding houses or similar
buildings shall have one or more control
SBC 601-CR-18 76
device(s) at the entry door that collectively (c) Lighting not specified in section b above,
control all permanently installed luminaires including advertising signage, shall be
and switched receptacles, except those in controlled by a device that automatically
the bathroom(s). Suites shall have reduces the connected lighting power by at
control(s) meeting these requirements at least 30% for at least one of the following
the entry to each room or at the primary conditions:
entry to the suite. Bathrooms shall have a
1 from 12 midnight or within one (1)
control device installed to automatically
hour of the end of business operations,
turn off the bathroom lighting, except for
whichever is later, until 6 a.m. or
night lighting not exceeding 5 watts, within
business opening, whichever is earlier;
60 minutes of the occupant leaving the
or
space.”
2 during any period when no activity has
(d) Task Lighting—supplemental task been detected for a time of no longer
lighting, including permanently installed than 15 minutes.
undershelf or undercabinet lighting, shall
All time switches shall be capable of retaining
have a control device integral to the
programming and the time setting during loss
luminaires or be controlled by a wall-
of power for a period of at least ten hours.
mounted control device provided the
control device is readily accessible and Exception: Lighting for covered vehicle entrances
located so that the occupant can see the or exits from buildings or parking structures where
controlled lighting. required for safety, security, or eye adaptation.
(e) Nonvisual Lighting—lighting for
nonvisual applications, such as plant 9.4.2 Exit Signs.
growth and food warming, shall have a
separate control device. Internally illuminated exit signs shall not
exceed 5W per face.
(f) Demonstration Lighting—lighting
equipment that is for sale or for 9.4.3 Exterior Building Lighting Power.
demonstrations in lighting education shall The total exterior lighting power allowance for
have a separate control device. all exterior building applications is the sum of
(g) Stairwell Lighting—Lighting in stairwells the base site allowance plus the individual
shall have one or more control devices to allowances for areas that are designed to be
automatically reduce lighting power in any illuminated and are permitted in Table 9.1B for
one controlled zone by at least 50% within the applicable lighting zone. The installed
30 minutes of all occupants leaving that exterior lighting power identified in accordance
controlled zone. with Section 9.1.3 shall not exceed the exterior
lighting power allowance developed in
9.4.1.7 Exterior Lighting Control. accordance with this section. Trade-offs are
Lighting for exterior applications not exempted allowed only among exterior lighting
in Section 9.1 shall meet the following applications listed in the Table 9.1B “Tradable
requirements: Surfaces” section. The lighting zone for the
building exterior is determined from Table 9.1A
(a) Lighting shall be controlled by a device that unless otherwise specified by the local
automatically turns off the lighting when jurisdiction.
sufficient daylight is available.
Exceptions: Lighting used for the following
(b) All building façade and landscape lighting exterior applications is exempt when equipped with
shall be automatically shut off between a control device that complies with the
midnight or business closing, whichever is requirements of Section 9.4.1.7 and is independent
later, and 6am or business opening, of the control of the nonexempt lighting:
whichever comes first, or between times
established by the respective local (a) Specialized signal, directional, and marker
authority. lighting associated with transportation.
(b) Advertising signage or directional signage.
SBC 601-CR-18 77
(c) Lighting integral to equipment or (h) Theme elements in theme/amusement

instrumentation and installed by its parks.
manufacturer.
(i) Lighting used to highlight features of
(d) Lighting for theatrical purposes, including public monuments and registered historic
performance, stage, film production, and landmark structures or buildings.
video production.
(j) Lighting for hazardous locations.
(e) Lighting for athletic playing areas.
(k) Lighting for swimming pools and water
(f) Temporary lighting. features.
(g) Lighting for industrial production, material (l) Searchlights.
handling, transportation sites, and
associated storage areas.
TABLE 9.1A Exterior Lighting Zones
Lighting Zone Description
0 Undeveloped areas within national parks, state parks, forest land, rural areas,
and other undeveloped areas as defined by the authority having jurisdiction
1 Developed areas of national parks, state parks, forest land, and rural areas
2 Areas predominantly consisting of residential zoning, neighborhood business
districts, light industrial with limited nighttime use and residential mixed use areas
3 All other areas
4 High activity commercial districts in major metropolitan areas as designated
by the local jurisdiction
SBC 601-CR-18 78
TABLE 9.1B Individual Lighting Power Allowances for Building Exteriors SI

Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
Base Site Allowance (base allowance may be used in tradable or non-tradable surfaces)
No Base Site
500 W 600 W 750 W 1300 W
in Zone 0
Tradable Surfaces
(LPDs for uncovered parking areas, building grounds, building entrances, exits and loading docks,
canopies and
overhangs, and outdoor sales areas may be traded.)
Uncovered Parking Areas
Parking areas
No allowance 0.43 W/m2 0.65 W/m2 1.1 W/m2 1.4 W/m2
and drives
Building Grounds
Walkways < 3 m wide No allowance 2.3 W/linear meter 2.3 W/linear meter 2.6 W/linear meter 3.3 W/linear meter
Walkways 3 m (10 ft)

wide or greater
Plaza areas
Special feature areas
Stairways No allowance 8.1 W/m2 10.8 W/m2 10.8 W/m2 10.8 W/m2
2 2 2
Pedestrian tunnels No allowance 1.6 W/m 1.6 W/m 2.2 W/m 3.2 W/m2
Landscaping No allowance 0.43 W/m2 0.54 W/m2 0.54 W/m2 0.54 W/m2
Building Entrances, Exits, and Loading Docks
66 W/linear meter 66 W/linear meter 98 W/linear meter 98 W/linear meter

Main entries No allowance of door width of door width of door width of door width
66 W/linear meter 66 W/linear meter 66 W/linear meter 66 W/linear meter

Other doors No allowance of door width of door width of door width of door width
Entry canopies No allowance 2.7 W/m2 2.7 W/m2 4.3 W/m2 4.3 W/m2
2 2 2
Loading docks No allowance 5.4 W/m 5.4 W/m 5.4 W/m 5.4 W/m2
Sales Canopies
Free standing and
attached No allowance 6.5 W/m2 6.5 W/m2 8.6 W/m2 10.8 W/m2
Outdoor Sales
Open areas (including
vehicle sales lots)
Street frontage for

vehicle sales lots in
No allowance No allowance 33 W/linear meter 33 W/linear meter 98 W/linear meter
addition to “open
area” allowance
SBC 601-CR-18 79
TABLE 9.1B Individual Lighting Power Allowances for Building Exteriors SI (continued)
Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
Nontradable
Surfaces
(LPD calculations for the following applications can be used only for the specific application and cannot be traded between
surfaces or with
other exterior lighting. The following allowances are in addition to any allowance otherwise permitted in the “Tradable
Surfaces” section of
this table.)
Building facades No allowance No allowance 1.1 W/m2 1.6 W/m2 2.2 W/m2
for each illuminated for each illuminated for each illuminated
wall or surface or wall or surface or wall or surface or
6.6 W/linear meter 12.3 W/linear meter 16.4 W/linear meter
for each illuminated for each illuminated for each illuminated

wall or surface length wall or surface length wall or surface length
Automated teller No allowance 270 W/location plus 270 W/location plus 270 W/location plus 270 W/location plus
machines and night 90 W per additional 90 W per additional 90 W per additional 90 W per additional
depositories ATM per location ATM per location ATM per location ATM per location
Entrances and No allowance 8.1 W/m2 8.1 W/m2 8.1 W/m2 8.1 W/m2
gatehouse of uncovered area of uncovered area of uncovered area of uncovered area
inspection stations (covered areas are (covered areas are (covered areas are (covered areas are
at included in the included in the included in the included in the
guarded facilities “Canopies and “Canopies and “Canopies and “Canopies and
Overhangs” section Overhangs” section Overhangs” section Overhangs” section
of of of of
“Tradable Surfaces”) “Tradable Surfaces”) “Tradable Surfaces”) “Tradable Surfaces”)
Loading areas for law No allowance 5.4 W/m2 5.4 W/m2 5.4 W/m2 5.4 W/m2
enforcement, fire, of uncovered area of uncovered area of uncovered area of uncovered area
ambulance, (covered areas are (covered areas are (covered areas are (covered areas are
and other emergency included in the included in the included in the included in the
service vehicles “Canopies and “Canopies and “Canopies and “Canopies and
Overhangs” section Overhangs” section Overhangs” section Overhangs” section
of of of of
“Tradable Surfaces”) “Tradable Surfaces”) “Tradable Surfaces”) “Tradable Surfaces”)
Drive-through 400W per 400W per 400W per 400W per
No allowance
windows/doors drivethrough drivethrough drivethrough drivethrough
Parking near 24-hour 800 W per 800 W per 800 W per 800 W per
No allowance
retail entrances main entry main entry main entry main entry
Roadway/parking A single luminaire of
entry, trail head, and 60 watts or less may
toilet facility, or other be installed for each
locations approved by roadway/parking
the authority having entry, trail head, and
jurisdiction. toilet facility, or other No allowance No allowance No allowance No allowance
locations approved
by
the authority having
jurisdiction
programmed, and in proper working condition

9.4.4 Functional Testing. in accordance with the construction documents
Lighting control devices and control systems and manufacturer’s installation instructions.
shall be tested to ensure that control hardware When occupant sensors, time switches,
and software are calibrated, adjusted, programmable schedule controls, or
SBC 601-CR-18 80
photosensors are installed, at a minimum, the Use the following steps to determine the
following procedures shall be performed: interior lighting power allowance by the
Building Area Method:
(a) Confirm that the placement, sensitivity and
time-out adjustments for occupant sensors (a) Determine the appropriate building area
yield acceptable performance, lights turn type from Table 9.2 and the allowed LPD
off only after space is vacated and do not (watts per unit area) from the “Building
turn on unless space is occupied. Area Method” column. For building area
types not listed, selection of a reasonably
(b) Confirm that the time switches and
equivalent type shall be permitted.
programmable schedule controls are
programmed to turn the lights off. (b) Determine the gross lighted floor area
(square meters) of the building area type.
(c) Confirm that photosensor controls reduce
electric light levels based on the amount of (c) Multiply the gross lighted floor areas of the
usable daylight in the space as specified. building area type(s) times the LPD.
The construction documents shall state the (d) The interior lighting power allowance for
party who will conduct and certify the functional the building is the sum of the lighting
testing. The party responsible for the functional power allowances of all building area
testing shall not be directly involved in either types. Trade-offs among building area
the design or construction of the project and types are permitted provided that the total
shall provide documentation certifying that the installed interior lighting power does not
installed lighting controls meet or exceed all exceed the interior lighting power
documented performance criteria. Certification allowance.
shall be specific enough to verify conformance.
9.5 Building Area Method
Compliance Path
9.5.1 Building Area Method of
Calculating Interior Lighting Power
Allowance.
SBC 601-CR-18 81
TABLE 9.2 Lighting Power Densities Using the Building Area Method
LPD, LPD,
Building Area Type a Building Area Type a
W/m2 W/m2
Automotive facility 8.8 Motion picture theater 8.9
Convention center 11.6 Multifamily 6.5
Courthouse 11.3 Museum 11.4
Dining: leisure 10.7 Office 9.7
Dining: cafeteria/fast food 9.7 Parking garage 2.7
Dining: family 9.6 Penitentiary 10.4
Dormitory 6.6 Performing arts theater 15.0
Exercise center 9.5 Police station 10.3
Fire station 7.6 Post office 9.4
Gymnasium 10.8 Retail 15.1
Health-care clinic 9.4 School/university 10.7
Hospital 13.0 Sports arena 8.4
Hotel 10.8 Town hall 9.9
Library 12.7 Transportation 8.3
Manufacturing facility 11.9 Warehouse 7.1
Mosque 11.3 Workshop 2.9
Motel 9.5
a In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type are
listed, the specific building area type shall apply.
balconies and other projections in this

9.6 Alternative Compliance Path: calculation.
Space-by-Space Method
(b) In calculating the area of each space and
subspace, the limits of the area are defined
9.6.1 Space-by-Space Method of by the centerline of interior walls, the
Calculating Interior Lighting Power dividing line between subspaces, and the
outside surface of exterior walls.
Allowance.
(c) Based on the space type selected for each
Use the following steps to determine the
space or subspace, determine the lighting
interior lighting power allowance by the Space-
power allowance of each space or subspace
by-Space Method:
by multiplying the calculated area of the
(a) For each space enclosed by partitions that space or subspace by the appropriate LPD
are 80% of the ceiling height or taller, determined in Section 9.6.1(a). For space
determine the appropriate space type from types not listed, selection of a reasonable
Table 9.3. If a space has multiple functions, equivalent category shall be permitted.
where more than one space type is
(d) The interior lighting power allowance is the
applicable, that space shall be broken up
sum of lighting power allowances of all
into smaller subspaces, each using their
spaces and subspaces. Tradeoffs among
own space type from Table 9.3. Any of
spaces and subspaces are permitted
these subspaces that are smaller in floor
provided that the total installed interior
area than 20% of the original space and less
lighting power does not exceed the interior
than 300 m2 need not be broken out
lighting power allowance.
separately. Include the floor area of
SBC 601-CR-18 82
TABLE 9.3 Lighting Power Densities Using the Space-by-Space Method
Common Space Types a LPD, RCR Common Space Types a LPD RCR
W/m2 Threshold W/m2 Threshold
Atrium Dressing/Fitting Room for
0.10 Performing Arts Theater 4.3 4
First 13 m in height per m NA Electrical/Mechanical 10.2 6
Food Preparation 10.7 6
Laboratory
0.07 For Classrooms 13.8 6
For
Height above 13 m
per m NA Medical/Industrial/Research 19.5 6
Lobby 9.68 4
For Elevator 6.88 6
Audience/Seating Area—
Permanent For Performing Arts Theater 21.5 6
For auditorium 8.5 6 For Motion Picture Theater 5.6 4
For Performing Arts Theater 26.2 8 Locker Room 8.1 6
For Motion Picture Theater 12.3 8 Lounge/Recreation 7.9 4
Classroom/Lecture/Training 13.3 4 Office
Conference/Meeting/Multipurpo
se 13.2 6 Enclosed 11.9 8
Corridor/Transition, Width <2.4
m 7.1 Open Plan 10.5 4
Dining Area 7.0 4 Restrooms 10.5 8
For Leisure Dining 14.1 4 Sales Area (for accent lighting, 18.1 6
For Family Dining 9.6 4 see Section 9.6.2
Stairway 7.4 10
Storage 6.8 6
Workshop 17.1 6
a In cases where both a common space type and a building-specific type are listed, the building specific space type shall apply.
SBC 601-CR-18 83
TABLE 9.3 Lighting Power Densities Using the Space-by-Space Method (continued)
Building-Specific Space Types LPD, RCR Building-Specific Space Types LPD, RCR
W/m2 Threshold W/m2 Threshold
Automotive Library
Service/Repair 7.2 4 Card File and Cataloging 7.8 4
Bank/Office Reading Area 10.0 4
Banking Activity Area 14.9 6 Stacks 18.4 4
Convention Center Manufacturing
Audience Seating 8.8 4 Corridor/Transition, Width <2.4 m 4.4
Exhibit Space 15.6 4 Detailed Manufacturing 13.9 4
Courthouse/Police Station/Penitentiary Equipment Room 10.2 6
Courtroom 18.5 6 Extra High Bay, Floor
Confinement Cells 11.8 6 to Ceiling Height) 11.3 4
Judges’ Chambers 12.6 8 High Bay,
Penitentiary Audience Seating 4.6 4 Floor to Ceiling Height) 13.2 4
Penitentiary Classroom 14.4 4 Low Bay, Floor
Penitentiary Dining 11.5 6 to Ceiling Height) 12.8 4
Dormitory Mosque
Living Quarters 4.1 8 Praying Room 16.5 4
Fire Stations Museum
Engine Room 6.0 4 General Exhibition 11.3 6
Sleeping Quarters 2.7 6 Restoration 11.0 6
Gymnasium/Fitness Center Parking Garage
Fitness Area 7.8 4 Garage Area 2.0 4
Gymnasium Audience Seating 4.6 6 Post Office
Playing Area 12.9 4 Sorting Area 10.1 4
Hospital Retail
Corridor/Transition, Width <2.4 m 9.6 Dressing/Fitting Room 9.4 8
Emergency 24.3 6 Mall Concourse 11.8 4
Exam/Treatment 17.9 8 Sales Area (for accent 18.1 6
Laundry/Washing 6.5 4 lighting, see Section 9.6.3
Lounge/Recreation 11.5 6 Sports Arena
Medical Supply 13.7 6 Audience Seating 4.6 4
Nursery 9.5 6 Court Sports Arena—Class 4 7.8 4
Nurses’ Station 9.4 6 Court Sports Arena—Class 3 12.9 4
Operating Room 20.3 6 Court Sports Arena—Class 2 20.7 4
Patient Room 6.7 6 Court Sports Arena—Class 1 32.4 4
Pharmacy 12.3 6 Ring Sports Arena 28.8 4
Physical Therapy 9.8 6 Transportation
Radiology/Imaging 14.2 6 Air/Train/Bus—Baggage Area 8.2 4
Recovery 12.4 6 Airport—Concourse 3.9 4
Hotel/Highway Lodging Audience Seating 5.8 4
Hotel Dining 8.8 4 Terminal—Ticket Counter 11.6 4
Hotel Guest Rooms 11.9 6 Warehouse
Hotel Lobby 11.4 4 Fine Material Storage 10.2 6
Highway Lodging Dining 9.5 4 Medium/Bulky Material Storage 6.2 4
Highway Lodging Guest Rooms 8.1 6
SBC 601-CR-18 84
additional lighting power based on visual

9.6.2 Additional Interior Lighting inspection, contrast, or other critical display is
Power. approved by the respective local authority.
When using the Space-by-Space Method, an 9.6.3 Additional Interior Lighting
increase in the interior lighting power
Power Using Nonmandatory Controls.
allowance is allowed for specific lighting
functions. Additional power shall be allowed An additional lighting power allowance shall be
only if the specified lighting is installed and permitted for space types with nonmandatory
automatically controlled, separately from the controls installed as identified in Table 9.4
general lighting, to be turned off during when all mandatory controls are used
nonbusiness hours. This additional power shall according to Section 9.4. This allowance is
be used only for the specified luminaires and added to the interior lighting power allowance
shall not be used for any other purpose, unless and is calculated as follows:
otherwise indicated.
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
An increase in the interior lighting power = 𝐿𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑈𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙
allowance is permitted in the following cases: × 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
(a) For spaces in which lighting is specified to where:
be installed in addition to the general
Lighting Power Under Control = the total input
lighting for the purpose of decorative
watts of all lamps being controlled using the
appearance or for highlighting art or
control method indicated
exhibits, provided that the additional
lighting power shall not exceed 10.8 W/m2 Control Factor = the value given in Table 9.4
of such spaces. for the corresponding space type and control
method.
(b) For lighting equipment installed in sales
areas and specifically designed and 9.6.4 Room Geometry Adjustment.
directed to highlight merchandise, calculate
the additional lighting power as follows: When using the space by space method, an
adjustment of the space LPD is allowed for
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 individual spaces where:
= 1000 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
the Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) calculated for
+ (𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 1 × 6.5 𝑊/𝑚2 )
the empty room is documented to be greater
+ (𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 2 × 6.5 𝑊/𝑚2 )
than the RCR threshold for that space type
+ (𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 3 × 15 𝑊/𝑚2 ) shown in Table 9.3.
+ (𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 4 × 27 𝑊/𝑚2 )
𝑅𝐶𝑅 = 2.5 × 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
where × 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Retail Area 1 = the floor area for all products / 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
not listed in
where:
Retail Areas 2, 3, or 4; Room Cavity Height = Luminaire mounting
Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale height –Workplane For corridor/transition
of vehicles, sporting goods, and small spaces, this adjustment is allowed when the
electronics; corridor is less than 2.4 m wide, regardless of
the RCR.
Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale
of furniture, clothing, cosmetics, and artwork; The LPD allowance for these spaces may be
and increased by the following amount:
Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale 𝐿𝑃𝐷 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐿𝑃𝐷 × 0.20
of jewelry, crystal, and china.
where:
Exception: Other merchandise categories may be
Base space LPD = the applicable LPD from
included in Retail Areas 2 through 4 above,
Table 9.3.
provided that justification documenting the need for
SBC 601-CR-18 85
TABLE 9.4 Control Factors Used in Calculating Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance
Space Type
Conference Lobby, Atrium,
Additional Control Method Room, Dining Area,
(in Addition to Mandatory Requirements). Open Private Meeting Retail Corridors/
Office Office Room, Sales Stairways, Gym/
Classroom Area Pool, Mall
(Lecture/ Concourse,
Training) Parking Garage
Manual, continuous dimming control or 0.05 0.05 0.10 1 0.10 0

Programmable multi-level dimming control
Programmable multi-level dimming control 0.05 0.05 0.10 1 0.10 0.10

using programmable time scheduling
Multi-level occupancy sensors 0.05 0.05 0.05 0 0
Occupancy sensors controlling the downlight component of workstation 0.25 2 0 0 0 0

specific luminaires with continuous dimming to off capabilities.
Occupancy sensors controlling the downlight component of workstation
specific luminaires with continuous dimming to off operation, in
combination with personal continuous dimming control of downlight 0.30 2,3 0 0 0 0
illumination by workstation occupant.
Automatic bi-level or multi-level switching in primary sidelighted 0 0 0 0.10 4 0

areas when sidelighting effective aperture is greater than 0.15
Automatic bi-level or multi-level switching in primary sidelighted
areas when sidelighting effective aperture is greater than 0.15 and 0.10 4 0.10 4 0.10 4 0.10 4 0.10 4
when primary sidelighted area is less than 23 m 2 (250 ft2)
Automatic continuous daylight dimming in primary sidelighted areas
when sidelighting effective aperture is greater than 0.15 and when 0.20 4 0.20 4 0.20 4 0.20 4 0.20 4
when primary sidelighted area is less than 23 m 2 (250 ft2)
Automatic continuous daylight dimming in primary sidelighted areas
when sidelighting effective aperture is greater than 0.15 and when 0.10 4 0.10 4 0.10 4 0.10 4 0.10 4
primary sidelighted area is greater than 23 m 2 (250 ft2)
Automatic continuous daylight dimming in secondary sidelighted 0.10 4 0.10 4 0.10 4 0.10 4 0.10 4
areas when sidelighting effective aperture is greater than 0.3
Automatic continuous daylight dimming in daylighted areas under
skylights when the total of those areas is less than 84 m2 (900 ft2) and 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
when skylight effective aperture is greater than 0.01
Automatic continuous daylight dimming in daylighted areas under
skylights when the total of those areas is greater than 84 m 2 (900 ft2) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
and when skylight effective aperture is greater than 0.01
1. These control factors may only be used if the requirements of section 9.4.1.2 are met using an occupancy sensor.
2. Control factor is limited to workstation-specific luminaires in partitioned single occupant workspaces contained
within an open office environment (i.e. direct-indirect luminaires with separately controlled downlight and uplight
components, with the downward component providing illumination to a single occupant in an open plan workstation).
Within 30 minutes of the occupant leaving the space, the downward component shall continuously dim to off over a
minimum of 2 minutes. Upon the occupant entering the space, the downward component shall turn on at the minimum
level and continuously raise the illumination to a preset level over a minimum of 30 seconds. The uplight component
of workstation specific luminaire shall comply with section 9.4.1.1 (automatic shutoff).
3. In addition to the requirements described in footnote 2, the control shall allow the occupant to select their preferred
light level via a personal computer, handheld device, or similarly accessible device located within the workstation.
4. Control factors may not be used if controls are used to satisfy exceptions to Section 5.5.4.2.
SBC 601-CR-18 86
9.7 Submittals Construction documents shall require for all

lighting equipment and lighting controls, an
9.7.1 General. operating and maintenance manual in Arabic
Where required by the respective local language, or Arabic and English be provided to
authority the submittal of compliance the building owner or the designated
documentation and supplemental information representative of the building owner within 90
shall be in accordance with Section 4.2.2. days after the date of system acceptance.
These manuals shall include, at a minimum,
9.7.2 Completion requirements. the following:
The following requirements are mandatory (a) Submittal data indicating all selected
provisions and are necessary for compliance options for each piece of lighting
with this Code. equipment and lighting controls.
9.7.2.1 Drawings. (b) Operation and maintenance manuals for
Construction documents shall require that each piece of lighting equipment and
within 90 days after the date of system lighting controls with routine maintenance
acceptance, record drawings of the actual clearly identified including, as a minimum,
installation be provided to the building owner or a recommended relamping program and a
the designated representative of the building schedule for inspecting and recalibrating all
owner. Record drawings shall include, as a lighting controls.
minimum, the location, luminaire identifier, (c) A complete narrative of how each lighting
control, and circuiting for each piece of lighting control system is intended to operate
equipment. including recommended settings.
9.7.2.2 Manuals.
SBC 601-CR-18 87
CHAPTER 10—OTHER EQUIPMENT
CHAPTER 10—OTHER EQUIPMENT
10.1 General than or equal to 375 kW, and having a rated

voltage UN above 50 V up to 1 kV, shall comply
10.1.1 Scope.
with the requirements of SASO 289354;
This section applies only to the equipment Rotating Electrical Machines Part 30-1:
described below. Efficiency classes of line operated AC motors
10.1.1.1 New Buildings. (IE code). Motors that are not included have no
performance requirements in this section.
Other equipment installed in new buildings
shall comply with the requirements of this 10.4.2 Service Water Pressure Booster
section. Systems.
Service water pressure booster systems shall
10.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings. be designed such that:
Other equipment installed in additions to (a) One or more pressure sensors shall be used
existing buildings shall comply with the to vary pump speed and/or start and stop
requirements of this section. pumps. The sensor(s) shall either be located
near the critical fixture(s) that determine
10.1.1.3 Alterations to Existing Buildings the pressure required, or logic shall be
10.1.1.3.1 Alterations to other building employed that adjusts the setpoint to
service equipment or systems shall comply simulate operation of remote sensor(s).
with the requirements of this section applicable (b) No device(s) shall be installed for the
to those specific portions of the building and its purpose of reducing the pressure of all of
systems that are being altered. the water supplied by any booster system
10.1.1.3.2 Any new equipment subject to pump or booster system, except for safety
the requirements of this section that is installed devices.
in conjunction with the alterations, as a direct (c) No booster system pumps shall operate
replacement of existing equipment or control when there is no service water flow.
devices, shall comply with the specific
requirements applicable to that equipment or 10.4.3 Elevators.
control devices. Elevator systems shall comply with the
Exception: Compliance shall not be required for requirements of this section:
the relocation or reuse of existing equipment. 10.4.3.1 Lighting.
10.2 Compliance Path(s) For the luminaires in each elevator cab, not
10.2.1 Compliance with Section 10 shall be including signals and displays, the sum of the
lumens divided by the sum of the watts (as
achieved by meeting all requirements of
described in Section 9.1.4) shall be no less
Sections 10.1, General; 10.4, and than 35 lumens per watt.
Mandatory Provisions.
10.4.3.2 Ventilation Power Limitation.
10.3 Simplified/Small Building Option
(Not Used) Cab ventilation fans for elevators without air-
conditioning shall not consume over 0.7W-s/L
10.4 Mandatory Provisions at maximum speed.
10.4.1 Electric Motors. 10.4.3.3 Standby Mode.
Electric motors manufactured alone or as a When stopped and unoccupied with doors
component of another piece of equipment with closed for over 15 minutes, cab interior lighting
a power rating of 0.75 kW or more, and less
SBC 601-CR-18 88
CHAPTER 10—
and ventilation shall be de-energized until (a) special purpose applications,

required for operation.
(b) not likely to be used in general purpose
10.4.4 Escalators and Moving Walks. applications, and
Escalators and moving walks shall (c) transformers with multiple voltage taps
automatically slow to the minimum permitted where the highest tap is at least 20% more
speed in accordance with ASME A17.1/CSA than the lowest tap.
B4455 or applicable local code, when not Products meeting these criteria and exempted
conveying passengers. from 10.4.5 include the following: drive
10.4.5 Low-Voltage Dry-Type transformer, rectifier transformer, auto-
Distribution Transformers. transformer, uninterruptible power system
transformer, impedance transformer, and
regulating transformers.
Low-voltage dry-type transformers with an
input voltage ≤600 Volts and a rating greater 10.4.6 Power Factor
than 15 kVA (kilovolt-ampere) shall have an Electrical installations in the building must
efficiency of not less than 95%. meet the power factor requirements of the
Other transformers have no performance statutory requirements.
requirements in this section, and would
include:
SBC 601-CR-18 89
CHAPTER 11—CLIMATIC DATA
CHAPTER 11—CLIMATIC DATA
11.1 General. as presented in Figure 11.1. Selected cities are

listed by zone in Table 11.1. The climatic data
For purposes of this Code, Saudi Arabia is contained in this section shall apply to Sections
considered to be made up of 3 climate zones 5, 6, 7, and 8 for a given geographic location.
Figure 11.1 Saudi Arabia Climate Zones
SBC 601-CR-18 90
CHAPTER 11—
Table 11.1 Saudi Arabia Climate Data by City

10 years
Zone
Zone
according DB DB
according Elevation CDD10
to SBC 1% max
to IECC
601/602
Latitude Longitude m C C
ABHA 18.23N 42.65E 3 3A and 3B 2093 30.3 34 3289
AL-AHSA 25.30N 49.48E 1 1 178 46 49.8 6389
AL-BAHA 20.30N 41.65E 2 2 1652 35.2 39 4781
AL-JOUF 29.78N 40.10E 2 2 689 41.8 46.7 4612
AL-MADINAH 24.55N 39.70E 1 1 636 44.2 47.7 6715
AL-QAISUMAH 28.32N 46.13E 1 1 358 45.2 50.4 5706
AL-TAIF 21.48N 40.55E 2 2 1453 36.1 41 4804
AL-WEJH 26.20N 36.48E 1 1 24 34.2 44.7 5493
ARAR 30.90N 41.13E 2 2 549 42.3 47.3 4571
BISHA 19.98N 42.63E 1 1 1162 39.8 42.8 5640
DHAHRAN 26.27N 50.17E 1 1 17 44 49.3 6258
GASSIM 26.30N 43.77E 1 1 648 44 48.1 5545
GIZAN 16.88N 42.58E 1 1 7 37.9 42.3 7451
GURIAT 31.40N 37.28E 2 2 504 39.1 45.4 3729
HAIL 27.43N 41.68E 2 2 1002 40.9 45.2 4547
JEDDAH (KING ABDUL 1
21.70N 39.18E 1 17 39.8 48.3 6803
AZIZ INTL)
JUBAIL 27.00N 49.67E 1 1 5 40.0 49.3* 6258*
K.F.I.A. (KING FAHA 26.45N 49.82E 1 1 12 44.6 49.2 6274
KHAMIS MUSHAIT 18.30N 42.80E 2 2 2056 31.1 36.9 3710
KING KHALED INT. AI 24.93N 46.72E 1 1 614 43.9 47.6 5756
MAKKAH 21.43N 39.77E 1 1 240 44.1 49.2 7800
NAJRAN 17.62N 44.42E 1 1 1212 39.2 42.7 5643
RAFHA 29.62N 43.48E 2 2 444 43.7 48.2 5000
RIYADH OBS. (O.A.P.) 24.70N 46.73E 1 1 620 43.9 47.2 6107
SHARORAH 17.47N 47.10E 1 1 725 42.2 45.1 6579
TABUK 28.38N 36.60E 2 2 768 39.8 44.2 4508
TURAIF 31.68N 38.73E 2 2 852 38.8 43.8 3542
WADI AL-DAWASSER AI 20.50N 45.25E 1 1 622 44 47.8 6591
YENBO 24.13N 38.07E 1 1 10 42.2 48.9 6626
* DHAHRAN data used
11.2 Indoor conditions Zone 1 is extremely hot with CDD 10 C greater

than 5,000;
▪ Summer: DB 23.9 °C, RH 50%
Zone 2 is very hot with CDD 10 C greater than
▪ Winter: DB 21.1 °C, RH 30% 3,500;
11.3 Climate zones: Zone 3 is hot for the remaining cities.
The Saudi Arabia climate is divided into three
zones:
SBC 601-CR-18 91
CHAPTER 12—POWER
CHAPTER 12—POWER
12.1 General
12.1.1 Scope
For all building power distribution systems and only to equipment described below, please refer to the
Electrical Code Section SBC-401.
SBC 601-CR-18 92
CHAPTER 13—NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1) ASHRAE Terminology, www.ashrae.org/resources--publications/free-resources/ashrae-terminology,

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791
Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329
2) ASTM E96, Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials, ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2859.
3) ASTM E2178, Standard Test Method for Air Permeance of Building Materials, ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2859.
4) ASTM E2357, Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage of Air Barrier
Assemblies, ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2859.
5) ASTM E1677, Standard Specification for an Air Retarder (AR) Material or System for Low-
Rise Framed Building Walls, ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2859.
6) SASO/ASTM E1680-2012, Standard Test Method for Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior
Metal Roof Panel Systems, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al
Muhammadiyah, PO. B 3437 Riyadh 11471 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
7) SASO/ASTM E283-2012, Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leakage Through
Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors Under Specified Pressure Differences Across
the Specimen, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al Muhammadiyah,
PO. B 3437 Riyadh 11471 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
8) AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors, and Unit
Skylights, American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) 1827 Walden Office
Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, Window and Door Manufacturers
Association (WDMA) 2025 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, Canadian Standards
Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6.
9) NFRC 400-2010, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Air Leakage, National
Fenestration Rating Council, 1300 Spring Street, Suite 500, Silver Springs, MD 20910.
10) ANSI/DASMA 105-92, Test Method for Thermal Transmittance and Air Infiltration of
Garage Doors, Door and Access Systems Manufacturers Association (DASMA), 1300
Sumner Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115-2851.
11) ANSI/CRRC-1, Product Rating Program, Cool Roof Rating Council, 449 15th Street, Suite
200, Oakland, CA 94612.
12) SASO/ASTM E1980-2012, Standard Practice for Calculating Solar Reflectance Index of
Horizontal and Low-Sloped Opaque Surfaces, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org.
Riyadh - Al Muhammadiyah, PO. B 3437 Riyadh 11471 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
13) ASTM D1003, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent
Plastics, ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2859.
14) SASO/ASTM C272-2012, Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for
Sandwich Constructions, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al
15) NFRC 100-2010, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-Factors, National
Fenestration Rating Council, 1300 Spring Street, Suite 500, Silver Springs, MD 20910.
SBC 601-CR-18 93
16) NFRC 300-2010, Test Method for Determining the Solar Optical Properties of Glazing
Materials and Systems, National Fenestration Rating Council, 1300 Spring Street, Suite 500,
Silver Springs, MD 20910.
17) NFRC 200-2010, Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain
Coefficients and Visible Transmittance at Normal Incidence National Fenestration Rating
Council, 1300 Spring Street, Suite 500, Silver Springs, MD 20910.
18) ASTM E972, Standard Test Method for Solar Photometric Transmittance of Sheet Materials
Using Sunlight, ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2859.
19) ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.,
1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329
20) ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329
21) AMCA 500-L, Laboratory Methods of Testing Louvers for Rating, Air Movement and
Control Association International, 30West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-
1806.
22) SASO/ASTM E84-2012, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al
23) UL 723, Standard for Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials,
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
24) ASTM E2231, Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct
Insulation Materials to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics, ASTM International, 100
Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2859.
25) SASO/ASTM C411-2012, Standard Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
Temperature Thermal Insulation, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al
26) HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual, First Edition, 1985, Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning
Contractors’ Association, Inc. (SMACNA), Chantilly, VA.
27) UL 181A-2008, Standard for Closure Systems for Use With Rigid Air Ducts, Underwriters
Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
28) UL 181B-2008, Closure Systems for Use with Flexible Air Ducts and Air Connectors
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
29) AMCA 205-12, Energy Efficiency Classification for Fans, Air Movement and Control
Association International, 30West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1806.
30) 10 CFR Part 431, Subpart B, App B, Uniform Test Method for Measuring Nominal Full-
Load Efficiency of Electric Motors, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 1000 Independence
Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20585.
31) ASHRAE Standard 154, Ventilation for Commercial Cooking Operations. American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, N.E.,
Atlanta, GA 30329.
32) ASHRAE Handbook - Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Applications. American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle,
N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329
33) SASO 2663 Energy Labelling and Minimum Energy Performance Requirements for Air-
Conditioners, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al Muhammadiyah,
PO. B3437 Riyadh 11471 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
SBC 601-CR-18 94
34) SASO 2874 Large Capacity Air Conditioners – Performance Requirements And Methods Of
Testing, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al Muhammadiyah, PO.
B3437 Riyadh 11471 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
35) SASO 2884 Water Heaters Energy Performance Requirements and Labelling, Saudi
Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al Muhammadiyah, PO. B3437 Riyadh
11471 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
36) ASHRAE Standard 62.1, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. American Society
of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, N.E.,
Atlanta, GA 30329
37) SASO/ASTM C1338-2012, Standard Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance of
Insulation Materials and Facings, Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al
38) UL 181-2008, Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors, 10th Edition, 2005,Underwriters
Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.
39) NFPA-455, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. National Fire
Protection Association, 1 Battery March Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269.
40) NSI/AIHA Z9.5, Standard for Laboratory Ventilation, American Industrial Hygiene
Association, Fairfax, VA.
41) Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice, 26th Edition, 2007. American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Committee on Industrial
Ventilation, Lansing, MI.
42) ASHRAE Handbook of Applications, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
43) SASO/UL 1995-2008, Heating and Cooling Equipment, 3rd Edition, 2005, Saudi Standards,
Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al Muhammadiyah, PO. B 3437 Riyadh 11471
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
44) AMCA 511, Certified Ratings Program—Product Rating Manual for Air Control Devices,
Air Movement and Control Association International, 30West University Drive, Arlington
Heights, IL 60004-1806.
45) ASHRAE Standard 52.2, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for
Removal Efficiency by Particle Size. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
46) EN779, Particulate air filters for general ventilation - Determination of the filtration
performance, CEN-CENELEC Management Centre, Avenue Marnix 17, 4th floor, B-1000
Brussels
47) ANSI/ASHRAE 129, Measuring Air Change Effectiveness. American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA
30329
48) ANSI/SMACNA 006-2006, HVAC Duct Construction Standards-Metal and Flexible, 3rd
Edition, 2005. Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association, Inc.
(SMACNA), Chantilly, VA.
49) Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards, 7th Edition, 2003. Sheet Metal and Air
Conditioning Contractors’ National Association, Inc. (SMACNA), Chantilly, VA.
50) NFPA-90A-2002, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.
National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA.
51) NFPA-90B-2006, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning
Systems. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA.
52) ASHRAE Standard 111, Practices for Measurement, Testing, Adjusting, and Balancing of
Building, Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems. American
SBC 601-CR-18 95
Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Circle,
N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329
53) HVAC Systems—Testing, Adjusting and Balancing, 3rd Edition, 2002. Sheet Metal and Air
Conditioning Contractors’ National Association, Inc. (SMACNA), Chantilly, VA.
54) SASO/2893: Rotating Electrical Machines Part 30-1: Efficiency classes of line operated AC
motors (IE code) Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Org. Riyadh - Al Muhammadiyah,
PO. B 3437 Riyadh 11471 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
55) ASME A17.1-2010/CSA B44-10, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.
Normative Appendix A: Normative appendix A, Rated R-value of Insulation and Assembly U-Factor,
C-Factor, and F-Factor Determinations, is considered to be an integral part of the mandatory
requirements of this Code. For reasons of convenience, normative appendix A is included in the user’s
manual.
Normative Appendix B: Normative appendix B, Multiple-Zone Systems, is considered to be an
integral part of the mandatory requirements of this Code. For reasons of convenience, normative
appendix B is included in the user’s manual.
SBC 601-CR-18 96
CHAPTER 14—INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
CHAPTER 14—INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
Informative Appendix C: Informative

appendix C, Summary of Selected Air Quality
Guidelines, is not mandatory or part of this
Code. For reasons of convenience, informative
appendix C is included in the user’s manual.
Informative Appendix D: Informative
appendix D, Acceptable Mass Balance
Equations for Use with the IAQ Procedure, is
not mandatory or part of this Code. For reasons
of convenience, informative appendix D is
included in the user’s manual.
Informative Appendix E: Informative
Appendix E, An Application and Compliance
section, with suggested compliance forms is
provided as an option to assist in understanding
and documenting the compliance of buildings,
except low-rise residential, in Saudi Arabia
with the various building requirements. This
section is not mandatory or part of this Code.
For reasons of convenience, informative
appendix E is included in the user’s manual.
Informative Appendix F: Informative
Appendix F, Informative References are
included for the convenience of users of SBC
601 Commercial Section and to acknowledge
source documents when appropriate. This
section is not mandatory or part of this Code.
For reasons of convenience, informative
appendix F is included in the user’s manual.
SBC 601-CR-18 97
SBC 601-CR-18 98

SBC - Code - 601 Energy Conservation Non-Residential (Desprotegido)

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Saudi Energy Conservation Code

Buildings except Low-Rise (Residential) Buildings

Title Code Req.1 Code &Com.2 Arabic Prov. 3

SBC 601-CR-18 iii

PART I -CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR SBC 601 ...............................................................................................1

The purpose of this Code is to provide

2.1 Scope: This Code provides minimum

2.2 Buildings: For the purposes of this

2.3 Exception: This Code shall not be

CHAPTER 3—DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS,

fenestration area is the daylight opening area.

and jurisdiction to establish and regulate ▪ light: a cooking process requiring an

Conditioned space: an enclosed space within ▪ heavy: a cooking process requiring an

▪ above-grade: all the exterior walls of HID = high-intensity

CHAPTER 4—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

4.1 General The provisions of this Code are not intended to

4.2.1.1 New Buildings: 4.2.3 Labeling of Material and Equipment.

CHAPTER 5—BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS

5.1 General (d) alterations to walls and floors, where the

5.5 Prescriptive Building Envelope materials of construction added to the

Exterior Envelope Exterior Envelope

Ventilated Attic Semiconditioned Storage

Figure 5.1 Envelope Components and Space Types

Vertical fenestration shall have an SHGC not 5.5.4.4.2 SHGC of Skylights.

TABLE 5.1 Building Envelope Requirements for Climate Zone 1 SI

TABLE 5.1 Building Envelope Requirements for Climate Zone 2 SI

Assembly Assembly Max. Assembly Assembly Max. Assembly Assembly Max.

TABLE 5.1 Building Envelope Requirements for Climate Zone 3 SI

Assembly Assembly Max. Assembly Assembly Max. Assembly Assembly Max.

TABLE 5.2 Increased Roof Insulation Levels SI

Metal Buildings U-0.16 R-6.2

Table 5.3 SHGC Multipliers for Permanent Projections

5.6 Reserved 5.8.1.1 Labeling of Building Envelope

Open-blown or poured loose-fill insulation shall 5.8.1.7.1 5.8.1.7.1 In attics and

U-factors shall be determined in accordance requirements for the overall fenestration

CHAPTER 6—HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR

6.1 General such modifications and/or repairs will not

Equipment efficiency information supplied by handbooks acceptable to the respective local

(a) HVAC systems intended to operate 6.4.3.4.2 Shutoff Damper Controls.

TABLE 6.1 Maximum Damper Leakage, L/s per m2 at 250 Pa

Section 6.4.3.3.1 that are capable of shutting RH where no active humidification or

TABLE 6.2 DDC Applications and Qualifications

(c) Insulation exposed to view inside the

(c) Piping that conveys fluids that have not

TABLE 6.4 Minimum Pipe Insulation Thickness SI Cooling Systems

TABLE 6.5A Fan Power Limitationa SI

TABLE 6.5B Fan Power Limitation Pressure Drop Adjustment

Coil Runaround Loop 150 Pa for each airstream

Fans shall have a fan efficiency grade (FEG) of

TABLE 6.6 Piping System Design Maximum Flow Rate in L/s SI

Maximum Velocity for Pipes

(a) operate the maximum number of fans

TABLE 6.7-1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Requirements

TABLE 6.7-2 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery Requirements

TABLE 6.8 Maximum Net Exhaust Flow Rate

precondition makeup air from laboratory

(b) Combination or hybrid systems

TABLE 6.9 Hot Gas Bypass Limitation

266333 and SASO 287434. Equipment not

CHAPTER 7—SERVICE WATER HEATING

7.1 General General; 7.4, Mandatory Provisions; 7.5,

equipped with controls limiting operation to a

7.4.6 Heat Traps. 7.5.2 Service Water Heating