FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE MID TERM EXAMINATION

: HYDRAULICS

COURSE CODE : BAA2723

LECTURER : NADIATUL ADILAH AHMAD ABDUL GHANI

DATE : 4 JULY 2022

DURATION : 3 HOUR

SESSION/SEMESTER : SESSION 2021/2022 SEMESTER II

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of FOUR (4) questions. Answer ALL questions.

2. All answers to a new question should start on new page.

SESSION/SEMESTER : SESSION 2020/2021 SEMESTER I
3. All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.
PROGRAM CODE : BAA

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS:

NIL

APPENDIX:

APPENDIX 1 – Table of Formulae

APPENDIX 2 – Pump Curves

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper SEVEN (7) printed pages including front page
 CONFIDENTIAL 2122II/BAA2723

QUESTION 1 [25 MARKS]

Figure 1 is a cross-section of composite open channel that is proposed to be built along

a side Sg. Muar, Johor. The composite open channel which is symmetrical along the
line A-B, has same length and radius properties. The Manning’s roughness for the
triangle shape section at bottom of the composite channel is 0.030 and the trapezoid shape
section at the top is 0.025. The channel bed slope for the whole channel is 1:5000.

(a) Determine the discharge during full flow passing through the cross section of the
composite channel as shown in Figure 1.
[8 Marks]

(b) Determine the depth of flow if discharge in the open channel is 15.5 m3/s.
[5 Marks]

(c) Determine the best design single triangular channel that can replace the composite
channel with the same discharge answer in Question 1(a). The Manning’s
roughness of the single channel is also 0.030.
[5 Marks]

(d) Determine the depth of flow if a single triangular channel is built with a same
discharge answer in Question 1(a). The top width of the channel is 3 times the depth
of flow. The Manning’s roughness of the single channel is also 0.030.
[7 Marks]

A
24m

4m I 5m II I
n=0.025 n=0.025

7m 5m
2m
n=0.03
B
Figure 1

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QUESTION 2 [25 MARKS]

A wide channel having a bed slope of 0.045 and the Manning roughness coefficient of
0.025 carries a specific discharge of, q, 2.0m3/s per meter. A dam is built across the
channel at which the depth of water is 1.6m and it create a hydraulic jump at the back of
the dam.

(a) Draw in detail the water surface profile and the condition in that channel.
[10 Marks]

(b) Estimate the length between the height of water behind the dam and the height
stage of water level after the hydraulic jump occur.
[13 Marks]

(c) Describe about the effect to water surface profile if the slope becomes steeper.
[2 Marks]

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QUESTION 3 [25 MARKS]

Figure 2 show a tank with a liquid density ρ and viscosity μ flows by gravity g through
a hole of diameter d in the bottom of the tank with a diameter D. This tank has initial
height of liquid surface h above the bottom tank and required time to empty the tank
tempty. In order to test the tank in the laboratory, a model is built to one fifth geometrically
similar to the prototype.

(a) Use Buckingham Pi Method to prove that the dimensionless relationship to

empty the tank tempty as
𝑔 𝑑 𝐷 𝜇
𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 √ = 𝑓( , , )
ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ𝜌√𝑔ℎ
[ 18 Marks]

(b) Predict how long it takes to drain the liquid in the prototype if 7 minutes 27
seconds is required to empty the tank in the model.
[ 7 Marks]

Figure 2

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QUESTION 4 [25 MARKS]

Figure 3 of piping system that is to be developed at Kg. Baru, Melaka. In the piping
system a pump located at elevation 5 m is to pump water from tank with elevation of 3
m to a lower tank with elevation of 1 m. The plan designed flow is 0.15XX m3/s. Attached
in the appendix is pump curves that is available to be selected for the design of piping
system. There are three pumps curves; Pump A, Pump B and Pump C. NPSH required
for Pump A, Pump B and Pump C respectively is 9 m, 7 m, and 5 m. Submit the answers
together with the attached pump curves. Atmospheric pressure head is 1 m head and
vapor pressure at 21O Celsius is 0.253 m head.

Elevation 20
mm

Pipe 1:
Length = 800 m
Diameter = 0.2 m
f = 0.02

Elevation 7 m
Elevation 5 m
Pipe 2:
Length = 100 m
Flow (Q) Diameter = 0.2 mm
f = 0.015

Figure 3

(a) Develop a system curve equation based on the piping system with a single pump
as shown in Figure 3.
[8 Marks]

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(b) Plot a system curve based on the system curve equation on the attached pump
curves sheet, starting from Q is 0.1 m3/s to Q is 0.2 m3/s with an increment of 0.05
m3/s. Determine the operating point of Pump A, Pump B and Pump C based on the
system curve and determine the best pump for the piping system. Explain why you
selected the pump based on the operating point of the pump.
[6 Marks]

(c) Plot Pump C in parallel on the attached pump curves and determine the operating
point of the pump in parallel based on the piping system. Refer to the three
plotting points on Pump C to plot Pump C parallel curve.
[6 Marks]

(d) Determine NPSH for the pump and explained whether it is safe to use the pump
or not. [5 Marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX 1 – TABLE OF FORMULAE

Trapezoidal Channel Geometry

𝐴 = (𝑏 + 𝑧𝑦)𝑦 𝑇 = 𝑏 + 2𝑧𝑦
2
𝑏 + 2𝑦√1 + 𝑧 2 𝑏= 𝑦 𝑎𝑡 60𝑜 (𝑧 = 0.577)
√3

Triangle Channel Geometry

𝐴 = 𝑧𝑦 2 𝑇 = 2𝑧𝑦

𝑃 = 2𝑦√1 + 𝑧 2 𝑏 = 2𝑦 𝑎𝑡 45𝑜
Uniform Flow
1 2⁄ 1⁄
𝑄= 𝐴𝑅 3 𝑆 2 𝑄 = 𝐶𝐴√𝑅𝑆
𝑛
V A
Fr = D=
gD T
𝑞𝑏 𝑞 𝑄 𝑄
𝐹(𝑞) = = 𝐹(𝑄) = =
𝑔(𝑏𝑦)3 √𝑔𝑦 3 𝑔𝐴3 √𝑔𝑏 2 𝑦 3
√ √
𝑏 𝑇
Non-Uniform Flow

V2 y1 1 
= (  1 + 8Fr2  − 1 )
2
E = y+
2g y2 2  

( y 2 − y1 )3 y2 1 
= (  1 + 8Fr1
2  − 1 )
E =
4 y1 y 2 y1 2  

P = gQE y j = y 2 − y1

3 q2
y c
=
g
Emin = 1.5 yc

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APPENDIX 2 - PUMP CURVES

Name :
ID Number :
[Please submit this APPENDIX 2 together with your answer sheet question]