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What is Grouting? – Types of Grouting,


Advantages, Applications and Process
by Civil Lead

Table of Contents
1. What is Grouting?
2. Types of Grouting
3. Advantages of Grouting
4. Characteristics of Grout
5. Applications Of Grouting
6. G1 Grout
7. G2 Grout
8. Grouting Process
8.1. Mixing of Grout and Tools
8.2. Surface Preparation
8.3. Application Process
9. Types of Grout used For Ceramic Tiles

What is Grouting?
Grouting is the process of injecting material into cavities or cracks in concrete,
masonry structure, soil, rock-mass to increase the structure’s load-bearing capacity
refers to grouting and the material used for this objective is called grout.

A mixture of cement, sand, and water or chemical helps to fill gaps refers to grout. It
is used to repair concrete cracks, filling gaps in tiles, sealing joints and gaps filling for
waterproofing and also for soil stabilization.

Grouting is also done for providing additional strength to the foundation of load-
bearing structures.

Grouts are used for different applications like repairing of cracks, filling voids and
gaps in tiles, sealing joints for waterproofing of the submerged structure like 
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tunnels, canals etc. and for soil stabilization. Here we are discussing types of grout
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usedLEAD
for crack repairing. 

Types of Grouting
Based on material, grouts are classified as follows:

Cement Grouting
Chemical Grouting 
Resin Grouting
Bentonite Grouting
Bituminous Grouting

Advantages of Grouting
1. Grouting can be done in any ground condition.
2. It doesn’t produce any vibration and can be controlled; hence there is no
chance for structural damage.
3. Ground structure improvement can be measured
4. Suitable for limited space and low headroom application.
5. Very useful for slab jacking which levels or lifts the deformed foundation.
6. It can be done adjacent to an existing wall.
7. It helps to control groundwater flow, seepage and hazardous waste material
type and its process.

Characteristics of Grout

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Grouts are available in premixed powder form, ensuring high quality of
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mortar. 

It comes as one component product, only requires water and mixing, and it is
ready to use.
It possesses a shrinkage compensation property.
There is no issue of segregation and bleeding with grout.
It can be poured and pumped as per the need.
It contains excellent flowing property.
Its consistency can be adjusted
It has suitable adhesion property with concrete.
It has a high rate of strength development.
It provides a highly effective bearing area.
It is non-toxic and inflammable material.
It possesses the non-corrosive property.
It offers initial expansion by gas generation.

Applications Of Grouting
1. For grouting machine foundation, base plate, bearing and column joints in
precast construction.
2. It is used for filling voids, gaps and cavities in the concrete.
3. Grouting is done for filling the voids between the rock face and lining in tunnel
work.
4. It is used for fixing tendons post-tensioned in prestressed concrete
construction.
5. It is used for repairing pavement and ground below the foundation.
6. It used for repairing crack s in concrete and defects in masonry.
7. Also, for fixing ground anchors for concrete pile wall.

G1 Grout
G1 grout is mainly used for steel structures, small pumps, ships, towers and all other
non-vibration machinery. Still, the precise application of the type of grout at any
location should be as per the relevant drawing.

It should be cementitious, nonshrinkable, and freeflow with compressive strength


equal or greater than the foundation’s concrete, but not less than 30 n/mm2 in 7
days and 40 n/mm2 in 28 days.


G2 Grout
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This type of grout is generally used for prefabricated concrete structures,
CIVIL LEAD heavy equipment subjected to vibration and for massivestructure’s
compressors,
column bearing plates.

The grout’s minimum compressive strength should be 50 N/mm2 in 7 days and 60


n/mm2 in 28 days. The grout’s flexible strength should exceed 9n/mm2 in 28 days.

The grout should be cementitious, non-shrinkable high strength grout example


Fosroc Conbextra GP2, MC -Bauchemie Emcekrete and Sikka or similar approved by
EIC. The specific location for the application of grout should be followed from the
drawing.

Grouting Process
Mixing of Grout and Tools
Take the required quantity of water in a drum, put grout powder in it, and then mix
it. Mixing of grouting powder can be done mechanically using an electric drill at low
speed ( max 500 RPM) with water in an appropriate ratio to avoid air-entraining. For
the desired consistency and flow property, the mixing ratio can be adjusted.


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For Flowable Grouting – Water: Powder = 0.14 to 0.16 by weight (4.2 l to 4.8 litres
water for 30 kg bag).

For Pourable Grouting – Water: Powder = 0.12 to 0.14 by weight (3.6l to 4.2 litres
water for 30 kg bag).

The minimum mixing time for the mixture is 3 minutes.

Surface Preparation
Prepare the grouting surface by cleaning it through a high-pressure water jet,
scrabbles, blast cleaning, etc.  To ensure a saturated surface dry condition during the
entire process, the concrete surface should be pre-soaked with water.

Application Process
After mixing grout, pour it immediately into the surface to be grouted. Ensure that
air replaced by the grout could escape easily; otherwise, trapped air will prevent full
contact grouting.

To maintain a saturated surface dry condition, wet the porous surface, especially
when grouting base plates. Maintain a continuous and sufficient pressure head to
keep grout flowing.

For the optimum use of the product’s expansion properties, try to use it as fast as
possible(within 15 minutes).

Types of Grout used For Ceramic Tiles
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1. Unsanded grout: It is suitable for wall tiles that have grout joints less than
3.175 mm (1/8″) wide.
2. Finely sanded grout: It is useful for floor tiles with joints 3.175 to 9.525 mm
(1/8″ to 3/8″) wide.
3. Quarry-type grout: It is similar to finely sanded grout for ceramic tiles, but
the coarser grade sand is utilized. It is suitable for 9.525 to 12.7 mm (3/8″ to
1/2″) wide joints.
4. Epoxy grout: It is made of an epoxy resin and hardener. Epoxy grout offers
high resistance to stains and chemicals and possesses an excellent bonding
strength. It is an ideal choice for areas susceptible to stains like countertops
and others.

Also, Read

10 Best Tiles Companies In India 2021

10 Best Cement Companies In India 2021

Difference Between Ceramic Tiles and Vitrified Tiles

Pre-stressed Concrete – Definition, Methods, Advantages and Disadvantages

Difference Between Pre Tensioning and Post Tensioning

Difference Between Granite and Marble


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