PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR

SEMESTER II SESI AKADEMIK 2013-2014

IJAZAH SARJANAMUDA DENGAN KEPUJIAN

JUN 2014 MASA : 3 JAM

KOD KURSUS : KKKL 3234

TAJUK KURSUS : REKABENTUK SISTEM

ARAHAN : 1. Kertas ini mempunyai Bahagian A, B dan C.

2. Jawab SEMUA soalan Bahagian A dan B dalam buku

jawapan yang diedarkan.

3. Jawab SATU soalan sahaja Bahagian C dalam buku

jawapan yang diedarkan.

4. Jumlah markah keseluruhan kertas ini 100 markah.

5. Kertas soalan tidak dibenarkan dibawa keluar daripada

Dewan Peperiksaan.

________________________________________________________________________
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 14 muka surat bercetak, tidak termasuk muka surat ini.

SECTION A (40 Marks).

 KKKL 3234

Instruction: Answer ALL questions.

1. Batteries can be connected in series or in parallel. The main advantage of connecting

batteries in parallel is to increase the
A. current drawn.
B. voltage available.
C. internal resistance.
D. external resistance.

2. You are given a wire-wound resistor with a value of 470 kΩ 0.25 W. What will
happen if you connect the resistor to a power supply of 1000V with continuous
current of 0.1 A.
A. The resistor will explode
B. The resistor will get hot and nothing happen to it.
C. The resistor will get burnt and become open circuit.
D. Nothing happen to the resistor but a smoke comes out from the power supply

3. Project plan in the engineering design leads to a set of specifications and tasks. Which
of the following statement is true about project plan?
A. Project plan is a technical document specifying all technical details.
B. Project plan is a non-technical document that describes concepts of the project.
C. Project plan is a classified document which can be used to file for a patent.
D. Project plan is an abstract or executive summary of the project.

4. Which of the following statements below is correct?

A subroutine is:      
A. A program that links software routines into one executable program
B. A program that allows you to enter the source program as a file on disc.
C. A program module that performs a well defined function.
D. A program that translates from assembly-level source to machine
code.             

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Figure 1
5. Figure 1 shows a motor controlled by an electronics circuit using a relay. What will
happen the current consume by the motor is higher than the rated current of the
voltage regulator?
A. The fuse will get burnt.
B. Voltage regulator will be malfunctioned
C. The motor will not rotate smoothly
D. It works initially, and then one of the diode in the rectifier gets burnt.

6. Based on Figure 1, why do you need a relay to turn on the motor?

A. Relay increases the speed of the motor
B. Relay avoids the fuse from getting burnt
C. Relay gives full isolation from the motor
D. Relay reduces the effect of high current surge from the motor to the
electronics circuit

7. Machine code is:

A. The Instruction decoder in the processor that interprets the operation code of
the instruction.
B. Assembly-level symbolic source code.
C. The binary address of the cell in the Program memory an instruction lies.
D. The binary code in Program memory that the processor executes.

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8. What is the different between microcontroller and microprocessor?

A. Both are the same, except the spelling is different
B. Microprocessor has unlimited address bus and data bus, whereas
microcontroller has limited address bus and data bus
C. Microcontroller has built in memory, unlike the microprocessor
D. Microcontroller is a micro processor with built in memory and other
peripherals, unlike the microprocessor which only has the processor unit.

9. Before a product enter certain market in other country, such product must comply
with certain standard set by authority of that country. Which of the following is NOT
the purpose of standard compliance?

A. Safety and reliability

B. Quality assurance
C. An interesting design
D. To mitigate interference

10. Reversed biased LED is able to produced several tenth micro-amp (0.1–0.9 micro
amp) once exposed to light. If you want to measure the intensity of light using a
transimpedance amplifier to convert the signal into voltage, how would you construct
such amplifier?
A. Put the LED in reverse bias to replace the feedback resistor
B. Put a resistor as a load to the LED and amplify the voltage
C. Use a small gain transimpedance amplifier (gain of 1000) and cascade with a
high gain voltage amplifier (gain of 5000)
D. Use a high gain transconductance amplifier (gain of 5 000 000).

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Figure 2
11. Figure 2 shows a simple power supply design using a voltage regulator. What will
happen if you short-circuit the output of the voltage regulator?
A. The capacitor C1 and C2 will explode
B. The rectifier diode will get burnt.
C. The transformer will get burnt and shorted the secondary winding.
D. The voltage regulator will get burnt

12. Which element is LESS important in building a project statement?

A. Problem background
B. Basic limitation
C. Alternative solutions
D. Specifications

13. Rhapsoudy Band is performing at the faculty lobby and having some problem with
their sound system. The fuse of the amplifier is getting burnt after being switch on for
five minutes. As an Electrical Engineering student, what will you advice the band to
do to continue with their concert?
A. Ask the lead singer to quit singing as the voice is hurting the amplifier
B. Find a possible noise source from switch mode power supply from other
devices and switch off that device
C. Buy a better amplifier
D. Reduce the gain of the amplifier and put a fan to reduce the heat.

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14. In your design, you need to use more than two microcontrollers. What is the best
communication protocol to transfer data from one processor to the other if you require
the highest throughput?
A. RS485
B. SPI – Serial Peripheral interface
C. Controller Area Network (CAN) Bus
D. I2C – Inter IC Communication

15. You are designing a digital thermometer. LM335Z is used as a sensor where the
voltage across the device corresponds to the temperature. If the voltage is found to be
0.8 V when the sensor touches an ice and 1.6 V in boiling water. What will be the
percentage of sensitivity of your devise if you are using an 8 bit A/D converter that is
built in a microcontroller
A. 1%
B. 2%
C. 5%
D. 10%

16. How would you determine the speed of a travelling vehicle?

A. Use another vehicle and try to travel at the same speed
B. Set two sensors with a known distant and note the time taken.
C. Ask the driver how fast he/she travel
D. There is no way one can estimate the speed of a traveling vehicle

17. In handling a project, it was noted that the microcontroller reset by itself once the
relay for one of the big motor was turn on. What would you suggest to overcome the
problem?
A. Replace the motor with a smaller motor
B. Change the battery
C. Use parallel connection and bypass the microcontroller with a large capacitor
value
D. Use PWM driver instead of using relay
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18. During the development of your engineering prototype, one of the resistors was found
to keep on getting burnt every time you change with a new one. What would you do
to rectify the problem?
A. Redesign the circuit completely
B. Change all your group member
C. Change the resistor with a capacitor
D. Chane the resistor with a new resistor with a higher rated dessipated power.

19. Your company supplies communication equipment for a public telecommunication

operator (PTO) company. If the equipment is broken, what approach can be used to
overcome this problem?
A. Repair certain module
B. Replace the broken board
C. Replace the whole equipment
D. Repair only if the equipment broken entirely

20. Before selecting a sensor, certain characteristic of the sensor must be sought after.
Such characteristics are:
i. Cheap iv. Linear
ii. Precise v. Dynamics
iii. Efficient
A. ii, iii and v
B. i, ii, iii and v
C. ii, iii, iv and v
D. all of the above

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SECTION B (40 Marks).

Instruction: Answer ALL questions.

1. Suppose you are building a sensor system for a satellite to measure the temperature of
the solar panel. Knowing that you have no opportunity to do any rectification works
once it is in space, state the requirements of specification of the system and propose a
technique to measure the temperature. Note: The temperature in space is between -85°
C to + 125° C and must be able to withstand radioactive radiation.
( 10 marks)

2. Design a power supply that is able to produce a regulated output of 12.5 V

continuously with a maximum current of 1.5 A. The system is using a step-down
transformer, a bridge rectifier and WITHOUT a voltage regulator. State the
secondary transformer rating, the value of the smoothing capacitor in your design.
(10 marks)

3. Serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus.

a) Draw a block diagram showing connection of SPI bus from one microcontroller
to three different microcontrollers.
(4 marks)

b) Explain how one microcontroller can be communicated with other

microcontrollers using SPI bus connection.
(6 marks)

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4. A C-program of an 18F877A microcontroller is shown in Figure 3. If a siren is

connected to the pin D0 of the microcontroller, explain the operation and predict the
result of the program in Figure 3.

#include <16F877A.h>
#use delay (clock = 1000000)

void main()
{
int step;

while(1)
{
while(!input(PIN_C0))
{
for (step=0; step<255; step++)
{
output_high(PIN_D0);
delay_us(step);
output_low(PIN_D0);
delay_us(step);
}
}
}
}

Figure 3
(4 marks)

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5. Design flow-chart of a system that will count and show the result on a 7-segment
display, the number of times a button SW1 is pressed, from 0 to 9. The circuit
diagram for this system is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4
(6 marks)

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SECTION C (20 Marks).

Instruction: Answer only ONE (1) question.

1. You need to design a system that is able to measure the speed of a travelling traffic on
a certain road. In your design describe:
a. The sensor that you want to use.
(5 marks)
b. How the sensors are used to measure the traffic
(5 marks)
c. Describe your design by using a block diagram
(5 marks)
d. How can you change your design in part (c) to differentiate the type of vehicle
that pass through your system (limit to motorcycle, car and small lorry)
(5 marks)

2. Design a four-junction traffic light control system as shown in Figure 5 using

16F877A microcontroller(s). Each traffic light should have 3 light-emitting diodes
LEDs to indicate red, orange, and green. You could use yellow LED to replace the
orange LED. R1, Y1, and G1 indicate the red, yellow, and green LEDs for the first
traffic light; R2, Y2, and G2 indicate the red, yellow, and green LEDs for the second
traffic light; and so on. The pin diagram of the 16F877A is attached in Appendix A.

Figure 5
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a) Draw a circuit diagram of the system. You could use whatever method that you
know to activate the system.
(10 marks)

b) Write a pseudo-code or C-program or draw a flow-chart to describe the operation

of the system
(10 marks)

3. Figure 6 shows a circuit diagram of a digital liquid-level control system in a water

tank. In this system, liquid enters the tank using a pump, and after some processing
within the tank the liquid leaves from the bottom of the tank. The purpose of this
system is to control the flow rate of liquid delivered by the pump so that the level of
the liquid within the tank is at the desired level. Each pin at port B of the
microcontroller produces a 5 V output. Pin RC0 of the microcontroller controls the
digital to analog (D/A) converter. The AD7302 D/A converter datasheet is attached in
Appendix B.

a) Suppose that a step input applied to the pump is around 10 V and the gain of the
amplifier is 2.5. Write a pseudo-code or C-program of the system to activate the
pump with that 10 V supply.
(10 marks)

b) The circuit diagram of the liquid-level shown in Figure 6 is not quite complete.
Give your criticism of the system. Make an improvement to the system that
involve modification of the circuit diagram and pseudo-code or C-program so that
the flow rate of liquid and the level of the liquid within the tank can be controlled
automatically.
(10 marks)

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Figure 6

‘SELAMAT MAJU JAYA’

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Appendix A: Pin diagram of PIC16F874A/877A

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Appendix B: AD7302

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