UNIT 3

AC MACHINES
1. a) Explain the principle of operation of 3 phase induction motor
b) Discuss the synchronous impedance method of calculating voltage regulation of an alternator

2. a) List out different types of losses present in transformer

b) A 1- transformer has 500 primary and 100 secondary terms. The net cross-sectional area of
the core is 50 cm 2. if the primary winding is connected to a 50 HZ supply at 400V. Calculate
(i) Peak value of the flux density in the core (ii) The voltage induced in the secondary winding.

3. a) What is regulation? Derive an expression for the approximate voltage regulation

b) 3-phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz induction motor has a slip of 1% at no-load and 3% at full load.
Determine (i) Synchronous speed (ii) No-load speed (iii) Full load speed (iv) Frequency of motor
current at full load

4. a) Explain the principle of operation of an alternator with neat diagram

b) A single phase transformer working at unity power factor has an efficiency of 90% at half
load and full load of 500 W. Determine the efficiency at 75% of full load

5. a) Explain the principle of operation of single phase transformer.

b) Explain how equivalent circuit parameters are determined for open circuit and short circuit
tests.

6. a) Explain the principle of operation of a three phase induction motor with relevant diagrams.
b) Explain the operation of alternator and derive its emf equation.

7. a) Derive the emf equation of single phase transformer and draw its phasor diagram.
b) Write about various losses in transformer.

8. a) What is voltage regulation? Explain about synchronous impedance method of finding

regulation.
b) Explain torque slip characteristics of a three phase induction motor.

9. a) How is a rotating magnetic field produced in a three phase induction motor? Explain in detail
with relevant phasors.
b) Give the difference between an induction motor and a transformer.
 UNIT 3
AC MACHINES
10. a) Explain the constructional details of Transformer
b) The Maximum Flux Density the case of 250/3000v 50 C/S single phase Transformer is 1.2
wb /m 2. If The Emf per turn is 8volts determine (i) Primary turns (ii)Secondary turns (iii) Area of
the core.

11. a) Define voltage regulation and efficiency of a transformer. Deduce the expression for the
voltage regulation with lagging power factor.
b) The iron and full load copper loss in a 40KVA 1 phase transformer are 450 W and 850 W
respectively. Find
i. Efficiency at full load when the power factor of the load is 0.8 lagging
ii. The maximum efficiency and
iii. The load at which the maximum efficiency occurs.

12. a) What is the working principle of a Transformer? Give its Constructional details?
b) A 250/500V Transformer gave the following test results:- Short Circuit Test: with low
voltage winding short circuited: 20V, 12A, 100W, Open circuit test: 250V, 1A, 80W on low
voltage side. Draw the circuit Constants, insert them on the equivalent circuit diagram and
calculate the applied voltage and efficiency when the output is 10A at 500V and 0.8 P.f lagging.

13. a) Explain the working principle of a 3 phase Induction Motor

b) A three phase Induction Motor is wound for 4 poles and is supplied from 50 HZ System
calculate
(I) the synchronous speed (ii) The Speed of the Motor when slip is 4% and
(iii) the rotor current frequency when motor runs at 600 rpm

14. a) Explain the working principle of three phase induction motor.

b) A 6 pole induction motor is fed by three phase 50HZ supply and running with a full load
slip of 3%. Find the full load speed of induction motor and also the frequency of rotor emf.

15. a) Explain the working principle of three phase induction motor

b) A 200 KVA rated transformer has a full-load copper loss of 1.5 kW and an iron loss of 1
kW. Determine the transformer efficiency at full load & half load for 0.85 power factor.
 UNIT 3
AC MACHINES

16. a) Draw and explain torque slip characteristics of 3 - Phase induction motor.
b) A 40 KVA,3300/240 –V,50 Hz,1- phase transformer has 660 turns on the primary.
Determine (i) the number of turns on the secondary (ii) the maximum value of flux in the core
(iii) the approximate value of primary and secondary full load currents.

17. a) What information’s are obtained from the open circuit test on a transformer? How is this
test conducted?
b) A 20 kVA, single phase transformer of 1100/220V has an iron loss of 175W; the resistance
of the primary winding is 0.25 Ohm and that of secondary is 0.012 Ohm. The corresponding
leakage reactance’s are 1.1 Ohm and 0.055 Ohm respectively. Calculate the percentage
resistance and reactance drops at full load and power factor 0.8 lagging. At what percentage of
full load will the efficiency be maximum?

18. a) What is synchronous impedance of alternator? How does it affect the voltage regulation of
alternator? Explain with relevant circuit and phasor diagram.
b) A 4 pole, 50 Hz, three phase induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.02Ω per phase and
standstill reactance of 0.5Ω per phase. Determine the speed at which the maximum torque is
developed.

19. a) Why is the short circuit test performed on the hv side of a transformer? Why is
the core loss almost negligible in this test?
b) A single phase transformer working at unity power factor has an efficiency of 90 % both at
half load and at the full load of 500 W. Determine the efficiency at 75 percent of full load and
unity power factor.

20. a) Explain the effect of rotor circuit resistance on the torque speed characteristic of 3-phase
induction motor with the relevant plot of the characteristic.
b) A 1250 kVA, 6000V three phase synchronous generator has armature resistance of 0.45Ω
and synchronous reactance of 6.5Ω. The armature winding is star connected. The machine
 UNIT 3
AC MACHINES
supplies full load current at 0.85 power factor lagging at normal rated voltage. Find the terminal
voltage at the same excitation and the load current at 0.85 power factor leading.