Paper 2:

Section A

A1 (a) (i) Spot B [1]

(ii) Glutamic acid – Spot A OR Arginine – Spot C [2]
(b)

•D

Arginine

Glutamic acid

(c) Locating agent is used to reveal the colourless amino acid

spots on the chromatogram. [1]
(d) Two-way chromatography shows the results of 2
chromatography using different solvents simultaneously on the
same chromatogram. [1]

A2 (a) (i) Water and methane [1]

(a) (ii) Methane is a gas at room temperature where as water is
a liquid at room temperature. [1]
(b) Methane [1] will spread throughout the container first because it
has a lowest relative molecular mass among the four
compounds. [1]
(c) (i) Iron(II) hydroxide and ammonium chloride [2]
(ii) Filter the mixture [1]. Iron(II) hydroxide is the residue as it
is insoluble and ammonium chloride solution is the filtrate. [1]

A3 (a)
Energy, kJ

EA
N2H4 + O2

∆H = -622kJ

1
 N2 + 2H2O

Time, mins

Correct exothermic profile diagram, labeling axes, reactants and products [1]
Correct labelling of enthalphy change [1]
Correct labelling of activation energy [1]

(b) The reaction between hydrazine and fluorine is twice as

exothermic as the reaction between hydrazine and oxygen
because the bond energy for H-F bonds is greater than the bond
energy for O-H bonds.[1] This means that the bond formation
energy for hydrogen fluoride is greater than water.[1]

(c)
x
• H
H x
•
˚ ˚
x
N N
•
H
˚ x
x •
•˚
H

Correct number of atoms and electrons for each element [1]

Correct sharing of electrons [1]

A4 (a) A = Nickel(II) chloride [1]

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 C = Sodium chloride [1]
D = Nickel(II) oxide [1]

(b) Lighted splint is used to test and it will diminish with ‘pop’ sound
[1]

(c) Nickel compounds are coloured

Nickel compounds have variable valency
Nickel compounds can act as catalyst any 2 out of 3 [2]

A5 (a) Excess lead(II) oxide is added to nitric acid to ensure that

all nitric acid has reacted to form lead(II) nitrate. [1]
(b) Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 2NaNO3 + PbSO4 [1]
(c) Sodium sulphate and sodium nitrate [2]
(d) Lead(II) sulphate is an insoluble salt [1] so it needs to be
prepared by ionic precipitation from two aqueous solutions.
Lead(II) oxide is insoluble so it needs to be changed to a soluble
lead compound. [1]

A6 (a) Sodium manganate is purple because manganate(VII) ions

produces purple solution. [1] Sodium is also in the same group
as potassium, having the same chemical properties therefore
sodium ions itself form colourless solution. [1]
(b) (i) Manganate(VII) ions [1]
(ii) Pink cobalt chloride line will be observed [1]. A pale green
chlorine gas can be observed at the anode. [1]

A7 (a) Moles of hydrogen gas = 340/24000

= 0.0142 moles [1]

(b) Mole of HCl = 0.0283 moles (mole ratio 2:1) [1]

Concentration of HCl = 0.0283/ 0.100 [1]
3
= 0.283 mol/dm

(c)

Graph X

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A8 (a) [2]

Amide linkage

Ester linkage

(b) Fats [1]

(c) Nylon monomers [2]

(d) Advantage: Nylon is durable and strong [1]

Disadvantage: Nylon is non-biodegradable [1]

B9 (a) (i) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide [1]

(ii) Percentage produced by vehicles = (0.30 x 1.7) [1]
= 0.51 million tonnes [1]

(b) (i) Percentage of nitrogen dioxide produced = 50/1000 =5%

[1]

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 Percentage of hydrocarbons produced = 90/1000 = 9%
[1]

(b) (ii) Reduce the number of vehicles on the road by

encouraging car pooling
Ensure that all fossil fuel power plants and factories are
fitted with proper gas cleaning system eg FGD plants [1]
(or any other relevant answers)

(c) (i) CaCO3 + SO2 CaSO3 + CO2 [1]

(ii) 2CaSO3 + O2 2CaSO4 [1]
(iii) FGD plants do not reduce the emission of CO2 that can
lead to global warming. [1]
FGD plants do not remove pollutants like NO2 and
unburnt hydrocarbons from fossil fuel plants. [1]
FGD plants release ash that adds to pollutant [1]
(Or any other relevant answers)

B10 (a) (i) 2 [1]

(ii) Hydrogen gas will be produced at anode [1]
Globules of calcium will be produced at cathode [1]
(a) (iii)

− ●● 2+ −
● ●
x H ● Ca ● H x
● ●
●●

Correct number of atoms and electrons for each element [1]

Correct transfer of electrons, brackets and charges for each ion [1]

(a) (iv) Ions in calcium hydride are bonded by strong ionic bonds
and held in giant crystal lattice. [1]
A large amount of energy is needed to break the bonds in
solid calcium hydride resulting in high melting point. [1]

(b) (i) Tungsten is a metal where its positive ions are

surrounded by a sea of free electrons. The electrons are
able to move, thus being able to conduct electricity. [1]
(ii) Tungsten is ductile & malleable.
Tungsten has high melting.
Tungsten is a heat conductor [2]

B11 (a) Geranyl acetate has a pleasant smell because it has the ester
group COO- in its structure. Ester is a sweet smelling
compound. [1]
(b) Structure of alcohol [1] and carboxylic acid [1]

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 (c) Add acidified potassium dichromate(VII). [1]
The middle note 2-phenylethanol will be oxidised and the
solution will turn from orange to green. [1]
No visible change will be seen for the top note. [1]

(d) (i) Aqueous bromine will be decolourised [1]. The C=C

double bonds will be broken down to saturated C-C
bonds thus a colourless bromine compound will be
formed. [1]
(ii) Structure of bromine compound [1]

(iii) C17H30OBr2

B12 (a) Strength of an acid refers to the degree of ionisation (whether H +

ions are fully ionised or partially ionised) where as concentration
of an acid refers to the number of moles of acid in a given
volume of liquid. [1]
Strength of an acid is a permanent characteristic where
concentration of an acid can be altered. [1]

(b) An aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity because it as

free-moving/ mobile oppositely charged ions. [1]

(c) Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid [1] where as ethanoic acid is a

weak acid [1]. Hydrochloric acid will conduct electricity to a
greater extent because it has fully ionised hydrogen ions where
as ethanoic acid has partially ionised hydrogen ions. [1]

(d) (i) Diagram should show correct apparatus and labelling.

Cathode, anode, electrolyte, hydrogen and oxygen gas
must be labelled [1]
Diagram should show that two parts per volume of H 2 gas
is produced compared to one part per volume of O2. [1]

(ii) Anode: 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e

Cathode: 2H+ + 2e H2 [1]
Test oxygen gas with glowing splint. Glowing splint
relights. Test hydrogen gas with lighted splint. Lighted
splint will diminish with a ‘pop’ sound. [1]

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