Experiment – 1

MAGNETIZING CHARACTERISTICS OF SEPERATELY EXCITED DC GENERATOR

OBJECTIVE: To draw the Open Circuit Characteristics Curve of separately excited dc generator.

APPARATUS: MATLAB Software

THEORY:

The open circuit characteristics for a DC generator are determined as follows. The field winding of the DC
generator either series or shunt is disconnected from the machine and is separately excited from an external
DC source. The generator is run at fixed speed (i.e. rated speed). The field current ( I f ) is increased from zero in
steps and the corresponding values of generated e.m.f ( E0 ) are tabulated from the readings of voltmeter
connected across the armature terminals. On plotting the relation between E0 and I f , we get the open circuit
characteristics.

The following points may be noted from the OCC

(i) When the field current is zero, there is some generated e.m.f, which is due to residual magnetism in
the field poles.
(ii) Over a wide range of field current the curve is linear. It is because in this range reluctance of iron is
negligible as compared with that of air gap. The air gap reluctance is constant and hence linear
relationship.
(iii)After that the reluctance of iron also comes into picture. Consequently, the curve deviates from linear
relationship.
(iv) Finally the magnetic saturation of poles begins and E0 tends to decrease.

PROCEDURE:

1. Open Matlab-->Simulink--> File ---> New---> Model.

2. Open Simulink Library and browse the components.
3. Connect the components as per circuit diagram.
4. Simulate the circuit using MATLAB.
5. Set the DC supply voltage and speed of the generator.
6. By changing the values of resistances note down the readings of field current ( I f ) and generated e.m.f (
E0 ) using displays.
7. For different speeds take the readings of field current ( I f ) and generated e.m.f ( E0 ).
8. Plot the graph.
SIMULATION DIAGRAM:

TABULAR FORM :

Speed = 1800 RPM Speed = 1500 RPM Speed = 1000 RPM

Field Current (A) Induced Voltage ( E0 ) Field Current (A) Induced Voltage ( E0 ) Field Current (A) Induced Voltage ( E0 )

MODEL GRAPH :
RESULT :