REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

ACCOMPLISHMENT REPORT
TO: Prof. Ma. Elena A. Noriega

FROM: Group 4 BS ECE 2-5

OP AMP Integrator / OP AMP

PROJECT: Experiment No.: 8 Title:
DIFFERENTIATOR CIRCUIT

DATE: July 27. 2023

Members Task Accomplished Remarks Signature

ROSAS, John
● Concluded the overall experiment. Excellent
Mark R.

RAPOSAS,
● Graphs/Sketches Excellent
Alyanna L.

LEADER: ● Assigned the Task to its members

REYES, ● Computation Excellent
Veronica M. ● Assembled and executed the
circuit.

SALVADOR
● Observed the experiment. Excellent
Renñier A.
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

SIBUG, ● Assembled and executed the

circuit. Excellent
Francis Joseph
● Computation

SUBASTIL, Art ● Assembled and executed the Excellent

Vincent D. circuit.

TAN, Christian
● Concluded the overall experiment. Excellent
Miguel

ZABALA, Carl ● Observed the experiment. Excellent

Vincent ● Concluded the overall experiment.

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED:
●
REMEDIES:
●
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

FINAL REPORT

EXPERIMENT NO: 8

OP AMP Integrator / OP AMP

EXPERIMENT TITLE:
DIFFERENTIATOR CIRCUIT

I. OBJECTIVES
1. To become familiar with circuit connection of OP AMP Integrator/ Differentiator Circuit
2. To design and assemble the circuits.
3. To know the effect of the input signal waveforms as seen from the output terminal of
OPAMP Integrator/Differentiator circuit.
4. To solve the output equation of the circuits with the applied waveforms such as Sine
Wave, Square Wave, and Triangular Wave.

II. DISCUSSION
An operational amplifier is a high gain amplifier designed to perform
mathematical operations such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, and division.
It is a direct coupled high gain amplifier in which feedback elements such as resistor,
capacitors, diodes and other elements in order to control the overall response of the
circuit. Operational amplifier applications are Inverting Amplifier, Non-Inverting Amplifier,
Differentiator Circuit, Integrator Circuit, Subtractor, and Summing Amplifier just to name
a few. Operational Amplifier is powered by a dual polarity power supply.

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM/SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

C = 1μF or desired value

R = 1KΩ or desired value
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

IV. MATERIALS
● Design Circuits
● Operational Amplifier
● Resistors
● Capacitors
● Function Generator/ Signal Generator
● Oscilloscope

V. PROCEDURES
1. Design the circuits above, know the specification of Operational Amplifier. Note: do
not exceed maximum limits
2. Assemble the circuits and apply Signal voltages. See values from table.
3. Record what is required on the table.
4. Draw the input waveforms and corresponding output waveforms.
5. Derived the output equations of the circuits with the required input signal.

VI. TABLES

Input Voltage Output Voltage

Sinewave:

20mV/50Hz 62.689 mV

1V/ 100HZ 1.558 V

Square wave:

20mV/500HZ 97.438 mV

1V/1KHZ 2.402 V

Triangular Wave:

20mV/50HZ 49.274 mV

1V/1Khz 1.238 V
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

VII. COMPUTATIONS:
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

VIII. GRAPHS/SKETCH:
Sinewave
20mV/50Hz

1V/100Hz
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

Square Wave
20mV/500Hz

1V/1kHz
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

Triangular Wave
20mV/50Hz

1V/1kHz
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

IX. OBSERVATIONS
Above, we observe experimentation on two types of Operational Amplifiers: the
Integrator and the Differentiator. In the Integrator Op-Amp, when a voltage signal is
applied to the input, the op-amp adjusts its output so that the capacitor charges or
discharges, maintaining equilibrium between input and feedback currents.
Consequently, the output voltage reflects the integral of the input voltage over time.

On the other hand, the Differentiator Op-Amp operates differently. When a

voltage signal is applied to its input, the op-amp responds by driving its output to cause
rapid changes in the capacitor voltage corresponding to the input voltage fluctuations.
The outcome is that the output voltage represents the derivative of the input voltage
concerning time.

X. CONCLUSION
Operational amplifiers have versatile applications, serving as either positive or
negative feedback amplifiers, or as adder or subtractor circuits, using only resistances
in the input and feedback loops.
One useful circuit involving operational amplifiers is the Op - amp integrator. It
performs the mathematical operation of integration, resulting in an output voltage that
corresponds to the integral of the input voltage. As the input voltage changes over time,
the op - amp integrator responds, generating an output signal that follows a linearly
increasing ramp, until the connected capacitor becomes fully charged.
The rate at which the output voltage increases depends on the resistor and
capacitor values defined by their “RC time constant.” By adjusting this time constant
through changes in either the capacitor or the resistor, the time it takes for the output
voltage to reach saturation can be altered accordingly.
In contrast, the differentiator amplifier circuit places the capacitor and resistor in
reversed positions. The capacitor is now connected to the input terminal of the inverting
amplifier, while the resistor forms the negative feedback element across the operational
amplifier.
In this configuration, the capacitor blocks any DC content in the input signal,
resulting in zero output voltage. However, AC - type input voltage changes can pass
through, and the capacitor’s reactance determines the gain and output voltage of the
differentiator amplifier. At low frequencies, the reactance is high, yielding a low gain and
consequently, a low output voltage. Conversely, at higher frequencies, the lower
reactance leads to a higher gain and higher output voltage.
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sta. Mesa, Manila
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (ECE) DEPARTMENT

An issue to consider in op-amp differentiator circuits is instability at high

frequencies. This instability arises due to the first-order effect, affecting the frequency
response of the circuit and causing a second-order response with an unexpectedly
higher output voltage. To mitigate this problem, a small-value capacitor can be added
across the feedback resistor (Rƒ) to reduce the high-frequency gain of the circuit.