Differential Protection

side 1 side 2
reference to the secondary side of the CT

shift anger φ = 0˚ shift anger φ = 330 ˚

In = 0.875 A In = 0.875 A
Idiff par > = 0.20 A Idiff par > = 0.20 A
ε-CT = 5.00 % ε-CT = 5.00 %
ε-CT = 15.00 % ε-CT = 15.00 %
1% of In-CT = 0.000 A 1% of In-CT = 0.000 A
side 1 is not earthed side 2 is not earthed

Currents in the following writing Iejφ

amplitude phase amplitude phase

Phase L1 0.00 A 0˚ Phase L1 0.00 A 210 ˚
Phase L2 0.00 A -120 ˚ Phase L2 0.00 A 90 ˚
Phase L3 0.00 A 120 ˚ Phase L3 0.00 A 330 ˚

Condition for a pickup signal Idiff - ∆Irest ≥ 0

first case Idiff - ∆Irest > 0 no trip - currents are too low
second case Idiff - ∆Irest = 0 trip - currents with minimum value
third case Idiff - ∆Irest > 0 trip - currents are higer than the minimum value

Phase L1 = -22.86 %
Phase L2 = -22.86 %
Phase L3 = -22.86 %

injection side 1 injection side 2 pickup signal

L1 and L2 and L3 L1 and L2 and L3 L1 and L2 and L3
Solve
choose of calculation method
in sum minimal current
Reset
Before using this tool for calculation, please be sure that
the solver add-in is installalled !

Unrestricted
 Formulae for Calculation

Idiff par >(side 1)

Idiff par >(side 2)= ⋅I N ( side 2)
I N ( side1 )

( ) ( ) ( )
I d , L1 I 1 , L1 I 2 , L1
| I d , L2 |=|T X 1 (ϕ 1 )⋅ I 1 , L2 +T X 2 (ϕ 2 )⋅ I 2 , L2 |
I d , L3 I 1, L 3 I 2 , L3

( ) ( ) ( )
ΔI Re st , L 1 I 1 , L1 I 2, L1
ΔI Re st , L 2 =I −Diff > par + ε CT , 1⋅|T X 1 ( ϕ1 )|⋅| I 1 , L2 |+ε CT ,2⋅|T X 2 (ϕ 2 )|⋅| I 2, L2 |+measurment error
ΔI Re st , L3 I 1, L 3 I 2 , L3
Details on report Differential Protection with∧without I 0−Elimination

Matrix T(0˚) for side 1 Matrix T(330˚) for side 2

1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.9107 0.3333 -0.2440

0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 -0.2440 0.9107 0.3333
0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.3333 -0.2440 0.9107

Differential Current Idiff ∆Irest

Phase L1 = 0.00 % Phase L1 = 22.86 %

Phase L2 = 0.00 % Phase L2 = 22.86 %
Phase L3 = 0.00 % Phase L3 = 22.86 %

Explaination about using

1. fill out the informations about the system

2. choose in which Phase a pickup signal should appear
3. choose an injection side (side 1 or side 2) and in which Phases a current
should injected (think about this configuration if is possible to get a result)
4. press the Solve Button
5. if you want to start with other conditions for the currents than change the value

Unrestricted
Graph for the calculated currents and the threshold values Values are based on Calculation sheet
Values are based on nominal currents
Side 1

L1 / In Idiff L1 Idiff L1 Vectors Phase L1 0.00 A

L2 / In Idiff L2 Idiff L2 Vectors Phase L2 0.00 A
L3 / In Idiff L3 Idiff L3 Vectors Phase L3 0.00 A

Side 1
10.00 10.00
9.50 9.50
9.00 9.00
8.50 8.50
8.00 8.00
0
7.50 7.50
7.00 7.00
6.50 6.50
Im(I)

6.00

Im(I)
6.00
5.50 5.50
5.00
5.00
4.50
4.50
4.00
4.00
3.50
3.50
3.00
3.00
2.50
2.50
2.00
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.00
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.00
0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 0.00
0.75
Re(I)
Phase L1 Phase L2 Phase L3 Idiff L1 Ph
Idiff L2 Idiff L3 T(φ)·L1 (Idiff L1) T(φ)·L2 (Idiff L1) Id
T(φ)·L3 (Idiff L1) T(φ)·L1 (Idiff L2) T(φ)·L2 (Idiff L2) T(φ)·L3 (Idiff L2) T(
T(φ)·L1 (Idiff L3) T(φ)·L2 (Idiff L3) T(φ)·L3 (Idiff L3) T(

Unrestricted
 Side 1 + Side 2

✘ Idiff L1 (side 1) ✘ Idiff L1 (side 2) ✘ Idiff L1 ✘ Irest L1

✘ Idiff L2 (side 1) ✘ Idiff L2 (side 2) ✘ Idiff L2 ✘ Irest L2
✘ Idiff L3 (side 1) ✘ Idiff L3 (side 2) ✘ Idiff L3 ✘ Irest L3

Idiff
0.3

0.2

0.1
Im(I)

0
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3
Re(I)

Idiff L1 (Side 1) Idiff L2 (Side 1) Idiff L3 (Side 1)

Idiff L1 (Side 2) Idiff L2 (Side 2) Idiff L3 (Side 2)
Idiff L1 Idiff L2 Idiff L3
Irest L1 Irest L2 Irest L3

Unrestricted
sed on Calculation sheet
sed on nominal currents
Side 2

L1 / In Idiff L1 Idiff L1 Vectors Phase L1 0.00 A

L2 / In Idiff L2 Idiff L2 Vectors Phase L2 0.00 A
L3 / In Idiff L3 Idiff L3 Vectors Phase L3 0.00 A

Side 2
10.00
9.50
9.00
8.50
8.00
7.50
7.00
6.50
Im(I)

6.00
5.50
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
2.25 0.00
0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25
Re(I)
Phase L1 Phase L2 Phase L3 Idiff L1

Idiff L2 Idiff L3 T(φ)·L1 (Idiff L1) T(φ)·L2 (Idiff L1)

T(φ)·L3 (Idiff L1) T(φ)·L1 (Idiff L2) T(φ)·L2 (Idiff L2) T(φ)·L3 (Idiff L2)

T(φ)·L1 (Idiff L3) T(φ)·L2 (Idiff L3) T(φ)·L3 (Idiff L3)

Unrestricted
 side 1

Phase L1 0.00 A
0.3
Phase L2 0.00 A
Phase L3 0.00 A

side 2

Phase L1 0.00 A
Phase L2 0.00 A
Phase L3 0.00 A

Unrestricted
 Calculation of the differential current (Idiff)

side 1 side 2

shift anger φ= 0˚ shift anger φ = 330 ˚

reference to the secondary side of the CT

amplitude (I) phase (θ) amplitude (I) phase (θ)
Phase L1 8A 0˚ Phase L1 8A 210 ˚
Phase L2 8A -120 ˚ Phase L2 8A 90 ˚
Phase L3 8A 120 ˚ Phase L3 8A 330 ˚

In = 0.875 A In 0.875 A

current in complex writing and value scaling I/In

Phase L1 #ADDIN? Phase L1 #ADDIN?

Phase L2 #ADDIN? Phase L2 #ADDIN?
Phase L3 #ADDIN? Phase L3 #ADDIN?

Matrix without I0 elimination φ = 0˚ Matrix without I0 elimination φ = 330˚

1.000 0.000 0.000 0.911 0.333 -0.244

0.000 1.000 0.000 -0.244 0.911 0.333
0.000 0.000 1.000 0.333 -0.244 0.911

Matrix with I0 elimination φ = 0˚ Matrix with I0 elimination φ = 330˚

0.667 -0.333 -0.333 0.577 0.000 -0.577

-0.333 0.667 -0.333 -0.577 0.577 0.000
-0.333 -0.333 0.667 0.000 -0.577 0.577

Differential current (Idiff) (chose the right one)

without Io elimination with Io elimination on both sides

Phase L1 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚ Phase L1 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚

Phase L2 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚ Phase L2 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚
Phase L3 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚ Phase L3 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚

with Io elimination only on side 1 with Io elimination only on side 2

Phase L1 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚ Phase L1 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚

Phase L2 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚ Phase L2 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚
Phase L3 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚ Phase L3 #ADDIN? % #ADDIN? ˚

Unrestricted
 Calculation of ∆Irest

side 1 side 2
reference to the secondary side of the CT
shift anger φ= 0˚ shift anger φ= 330 ˚
Idiff par > = 0.200 A Idiff par > = 0.200 A
ε-CT = 0.150 ε-CT = 0.150
In-CT = 0.000 A In-CT = 0.000 A
In = 0.875 A In = 0.875 A

amplitude (I) phase (θ) amplitude (I)

Phase A 8A 0˚ Phase A 8A
Phase B 8A -120 ˚ Phase B 8A
Phase C 8A 120 ˚ Phase C 8A

Matrix without I0 elimination φ = 0˚ Matrix without I0 elimination φ = 330˚

1.000 0.000 0.000 0.911 0.333

0.000 1.000 0.000 0.244 0.911
0.000 0.000 1.000 0.333 0.244

Matrix with I0 elimination φ = 0˚ Matrix with I0 elimination φ = 330˚

0.667 0.333 0.333 0.577 0.000

0.333 0.667 0.333 0.577 0.577
0.333 0.333 0.667 0.000 0.577

∆Irest

side 1 side 2

without Io elimination without Io elimination

Phase A 3.186 A≡ 364.073 % Phase A 3.186 A≡

Phase B 3.186 A≡ 364.073 % Phase B 3.186 A≡
Phase C 3.186 A≡ 364.073 % Phase C 3.186 A≡

with Io elimination only on side 1 with Io elimination only on side 1

Phase A 3.586 A≡ 409.788 % Phase A 3.586 A≡

Phase B 3.586 A≡ 409.788 % Phase B 3.586 A≡
Phase C 3.586 A≡ 409.788 % Phase C 3.586 A≡

with Io elimination only on side 2 with Io elimination only on side 2

Phase A 2.786 A≡ 318.359 % Phase A 2.786 A≡

Phase B 2.786 A≡ 318.359 % Phase B 2.786 A≡
Phase C 2.786 A≡ 318.359 % Phase C 2.786 A≡

Unrestricted
 with Io elimination on both sides with Io elimination on both sides

Phase A 3.186 A≡ 364.073 % Phase A 3.186 A≡

Phase B 3.186 A≡ 364.073 % Phase B 3.186 A≡
Phase C 3.186 A≡ 364.073 % Phase C 3.186 A≡

Unrestricted
 phase (θ)
210 ˚
90 ˚
330 ˚

limination φ = 330˚

0.244
0.333
0.911

ination φ = 330˚

0.577
0.000
0.577

364.073 %
364.073 %
364.073 %

only on side 1

409.788 %
409.788 %
409.788 %

only on side 2

318.359 %
318.359 %
318.359 %

Unrestricted
on both sides

364.073 %
364.073 %
364.073 %

Unrestricted