SYEDA KHALIQA HAMID

CH -19049
MODEL OF A DISTILLATION COLUMN

Schematic Diagram:

Description:
The distillation column contains one feed stream and two product streams. The feed contains a mole
percent of the light component, xF. The product stream exiting the top has a composition of x D of the
light component. The product stream leaving the bottom contains a composition of x B of the light
component. The column is broken in two sections. The top section is referred to as the rectifying
section. The bottom section is known as the stripping section. The top product stream passes through a
total condenser. This effectively condenses all of the vapor distillate to liquid. The bottom product
stream uses a partial reboiler. This allows for the input of energy into our column.

Objectives:
 To develop a dynamic model for the distillation column.
Assumption:
 Vapor hold up on each tray will be neglected.
 The molar heat of vaporization of both components A and B are approximately equal.
 No heat loss from column to surrounding.
 The relative volatility for both the components remain constant throughout the column.
 Efficiency of each tray is 100%
 No need of energy balance on each tray
 Neglecting dynamics of re boiler and condenser
 Neglect the momentum balance on each tray

No spatial variations.

CONSERVATION LAWS:

MASS BALANCE ON FEED TRAY:

Total Mass Balance:
d(Mf )
=F f + Lf +1 +V f −1−(Lf +V f )
dt
d(Mf )
=F f + Lf +1−Lf
dt

Component Balance on A:
d ( M f × xf )
=F f C f + Lf +1 x f +1 +V f −1 y f −1−(L f x f −V f y f )
dt
d ( M f × xf )
=F f C f + Lf +1 x f +1 −Lf x f
dt

MASS BALANCE ON TOP TRAY:

Total Mass Balance:
d(M N)
=F R +V N−1−( LN +V N )
dt
d(M N)
=F R −( L N )
dt
Component Balance on A:
d (MN × x N)
=F R x d +V N −1 y N −1−LN x N −V N y N
dt

MASS BALANCE ON BOTTOM TRAY:

Total Mass Balance:
d ( M 1)
=L2 +V −(L1+V 1)
dt
d ( M 1)
=L2−L1
dt

Component Balance on A:
d ( M 1× x1)
=L2 x 2+V y B−L1 x 1−V 1 y 1
dt

MASS BALANCE ON REFLUX DRUM:

Total Mass Balance:
d ( M RD )
=V N −( F ¿ ¿ R+ F D ) ¿
dt
Component Balance on A:
d ( M RD × x RD )
=V N y N −F R x D −F D x D
dt

MASS BALANCE ON COLUMN BASE:

Total Mass Balance:
d ( M RD )
=L1−V −F B
dt
Component Balance on A:
d ( M B × xB)
=L1 x 1−V y B −F B x B
dt
Vapor Liquid Equilibrium Relationship:
α xi
y i=
1+(α−1) xi

Hydraulic Relationship:
Li=f ( M i)

Degree Of Freedom Analysis:

No. of Unknowns=25
No. of Equations=12
D.O.F= 13