BASIC OF IP ADDRESSING LAYERING

IP ADDRESS LAYERING

• Internet Protocol • Breaking up the process of sending

• Logical Address data into separate layers.
• 4 Octets • ADVANTAGES
• decimal o Provides modular design
o Easy to troubleshoot
MAC ADDRESS
PROTOCOLS
• Physical Address
• Hexadecimal • Set of rules governing data
communication
PORT ADDRESS
LAYERED ARCHITECTURES
• Communication endpoint
• OS assigned port numbers : 62414 • The OSI Reference Model
• The TCP/IP Model
BASIC NETWORKING COMMANDS
OSI REFERENCE MODEL
• Ipconfig
• Ipconfig/all • Open System Interconnection
• Nslookup • Facilitate communication between
• Ping different systems
• Tracert • Developed by International Standards
for Organizations (ISO)

TCP/IP MODEL
SWITCHING TECHNIQUES
• Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
SWITCHING – Helps deciding the best route for
Protocol
data transmission.
• Hierarchical Protocol
TECHNIQUES
OSI MODEL LAYERS
1. CIRCUIT SWITCHING
1. APPLICATION LAYER
o Dedicated path between sender
• Enables user to access network
& receiver
resources
o 3 PHASES
o SERVICES
▪ Connection Establishment
▪ File transfer &
▪ Data Transfer
access
▪ Connection Disconnection
management
2. MESSAGE SWITCHING
▪ Mail server
o Store and forward mechanism
▪ Directory services
3. PACKET SWTICHING
2. PRESENTATION LAYER
o Data are broken into individual
• Deals with syntax and semantics
chunks called packets
of data
o 2 APPROACHES
o SERVICES
▪ DATAGRAM
▪ Translation
- Connectionless
▪ Compression
switching
▪ Encryption
- No fixed path
3. SESSION LAYER
▪ VIRTUAL CIRCUIT
• Establishes, maintains, and
- Connection-
synchronizes the interaction
oriented switching
o SERVICES
- Has fixed path
▪ Dialog Control
▪ Synchronization
 10 INTERFACE ITEM IN CISCO PACKET TRACER

4. TRANSPORT LAYER
• Process delivery of the entire
message
o SERVICES
▪ Port addressing
▪ Segmentation and
reassembly
▪ Connection Control
▪ End to end flow
control
▪ Error Control
5. NETWORK LAYER
• Delivery of data from sender to 1. Menu bar
receiver 2. Main tool bar
o SERVICES 3. Common tool bar
▪ Logical Addressing 4. Logical / Physical Workspace and
▪ Routing Navigation bar
6. DATA LINK LAYER 5. Workspace
• Moving data(frames) from one 6. Realtime / Simulation bar
node to another node 7. Network Component box
o SERVICES 8. Device-Type Selection box
▪ Framing 9. Device-Specific Selection box
▪ Physical Addressing 10. User Created Packet Window
▪ Flow Control
▪ Error Control
▪ Access Control HUB
7. PHYSICAL LAYER
• Used to set up LAN
• Transmitting bits over a medium
o SERVICES SWITCH
▪ Physical • Connects devices on a computer
characteristics of network to establish a LAN
the media • Uses Packet Switching
▪ Representation of
ROUTER
bits
▪ Data Rate • Connects two or more different LANs
▪ Synchronization of
REPEATER
bits
▪ Line Configuration • Regenerates the signal over the same
▪ Pysical Topology network

CISCO

CISCO

• A leading network company known for

manufacturer and vendor of network
products

PACKET TRACER

• Enables user to create simulated

network topologies