Republic of the Philippines

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

College of Industrial Education
Batangas Extension Program

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARD

I. OBJECTIVES

 Understand the meaning of sign and symbol in our surrounding

 Value the importance of Personal Protective Equipment.
 Perform first aid in case of emergency and when possible accident happens.

II. DISCUSSION

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARD

Learning Objectives

 Examine the Basic Principle of 5s and Occupational Health and Safety.

 Internalize the importance of 5s and Occupational Health and Safety
Standard as applied to workplace.
 Apply the basic principle of 5s and Occupational Health and Safety.

First Aid includes all forms of remedies given immediately to individuals

to minimize of prevent casualty or fatality cause by accidents or normal cause of
time. Hazard is a particular place, thing, or situation that is a risk or danger to the
person involve or something that can cause harm.Risk is the chance of
probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse effect one
exposed to health hazard. It may also apply to situation with property or
equipment loss. Safety Hazard inadequate and insufficient machine guards, unsafe
workplace conditions, unsafe work practices. Sanitize is maintaining high standard of
housekeeping. Workplace is the office, premises, worksites where a worker is
temporarily or usually assigned. Sign and Symbol are printed illustrations which
sometimes carry a descriptive word intended to caution and warn somebody.
OHSC- Occupational Health Safety Commission
OHSS- Occupational Health and Safety Standard
 OHSA- Occupational Health Safety Administration

Republic of the Philippines

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
College of Industrial Education
Batangas Extension Program

TLV or Threshold Limit Value is a term used by the American Conference

Of Governmental Hygienist to express the airborne concentration of material to
which all persons can be exposed day after day without adverse health.
The Aims of the Occupational Health and Safety
1. Promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental, and social being
of workers in all occupations
2. Place and maintain the worker in an environment suitable to his psychological
and physiological capabilities.
3. Protect workers from risks resulting from factors adverse health.
4. Prevent workers from resignation due to health caused by poor working
conditions.

These are the reasons for establishing good Occupational Health and Safety
Standard (OHSS). Moral is that employee should not have risk injury at work, nor should
others associated with the work environment. Economic is many governments realize that
poor Occupational Health and Safety Standard will result to a certain cost to the State.
Legal is Occupational Health Safety requirements must be reinforced in civil law and/or
criminal law.
The 5s or the Japanese Productivity Philosophy focusses on effective workplace
organisation, helps simplify the workplace environment and reduce waste, while
improving quality and safety. Sort or Seiri is taking out unnecessary items and dispose.
Keep only the items you need at work, and discard or store everything else. Set in order
or seiton means that there is a place for anything, and everything should be in its place.
Arrange necessary items in good order for use. At the end of each working, take time to
clean up your office. Keep your workplace clean and neat, it`s called Shine or Seiso.
Standardize or Seiketsu is maintaining high standard of cleaning and workshop
organization at all times. Sustain or Shitsuke is doing things spontaneously without being
told or ordered. Self-Discipline is a condition of training people to follow cleaning
discipline independently.
THE 5 BASIC WORKPLACE HAZARD
1. Chemical Hazard- any substance that can cause a health problem when ingested or
inhaled. It include liquids such as cleaners, acids, and paints.
2. Physical Hazard- environmental factors that can harm an employee without
necessarily touching them, including heights, noise, radiation and pressure.
Republic of the Philippines
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
College of Industrial Education
Batangas Extension Program

3. Biological Hazard- A biological hazard, or biohazard, is a biological substance that

poses a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily humans.
4. Ergonomic Hazard-  any factor in the workplace that may cause injury or health
issues, such as musculoskeletal injuries.
5. Psychological Hazard- Psychological hazards are aspects of the work environment
and the way that work is organised that are associated with mental disorders
and/or physical injury or illness.

III. REFLECTION AND INSIGHTS

There`s no place free from hazard and danger. Accident may happen
anytime and anywhere. To study the different occupational health and safety is indeed
important for a student like me. The more I learn about hazards and risks, the more safe I
am. With the knowledge I have, I can save not only me but also the people around me.
Knowing what to do before, during and after accident is a great advantage to keep
ourselves safe.
In this lesson, I`ve learned about the difference between Hazard and Risk.
Hazard is something that can cause harm while Risk is the chance that we can get harm
that affect our health if exposed to hazard. I also learned about the five pillars of a
workplace which is Sort or Seiri that means keeping important things and disposing
unnecessary things, Set in order or seiton is arranging things so that it can be find easily,
Shine or Seiso is cleaning the workplace after using, Standardize or Seiketsu is having a
standard for cleanliness, and Sustain or Shitsuke to be consistent in keeping the
workplace in order.
I`ve also realized that there are different types of occupational hazard
such as Chemical Hazard, Physical Hazard, Biological Hazard, Ergonomic Hazard, and
Psychological Hazard. Chemical hazard is any liquid substance that may cause harm like
cleaning products that can get drink by accident or may splashed into the eye. Physical
Hazard is the danger we may experience that involves physical contact like tripping up
into an electric wire. Biological Hazard is getting infected of flu through having physical
contact with other people who is sick. Ergonomic Hazard is having a muscle pain that
may get for having a bad posture while doing work. Psychological Hazard is getting
stress, pressure or unwanted feelings while doing work.
IV. RECOMMENDATION

V. DOCUMENTATION
 Republic of the Philippines
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
College of Industrial Education
Batangas Extension Program

MENSURATION

I. OBJECTIVES

 To understand the basic principles of Measurement.

 To value the importance of different tools used in measuring.
 To be able to convert a same quantity to a different unit of measurement.

II. DISCUSSION

Measurement is used to determine an object's height, weight, capacity, or even

quantity. It is the measurement act or process. The word “measurement” is derived from
the Greek word "metron," which means a limited proportion. This word also finds its
roots in the words "moon" and “month”. Measurement system once consisted of only
four basic measurements: MASS (weight), DISTANCE or LENGTH, AREA, and
VOLUME (liquid or grain measure). Measurement evolution is detailed how
measurement methods changed, advanced, and were employed during the course of
numerous ancient historical eras. Ancient measurement of length was based on the
human body. Technological advances eventually allow metrologists to create a universal
system based on physical constants.

The following contains the history and evolution of measurement;

3500 BC – Harappan mass units 3000 BC – Sumerian numeral system

2750 BC – The cubit 2100 BC – Royal gur-cube
1600 BC – Water clocks 1500 BC – Sundials
800 BC – The foot measurement 220 BC – Circumference of the Earth
70 BC – Predicting astronomical events 100 – Land survey tool
700 – Hourglass 1400 – Localised measurement standards
1500 – Māori measurement 1750 – The Industrial Revolution
1791 – Unified measures 1795 – The metric system
1799 – Physical standards of mass and length 1812 – Redefining old units
1832 – Measuring time 1863 – Base units and derived units
1874 – Use of prefixes 1875 – Metre Convention
1876 – Trafalgar Square examples 1881 – Electrical units of measurement
1889 – International prototypes deposited in Paris 1921 – Metre Convention extended
1948 – The candela 1952 – The astronomical second
1960 – SI units are formally adopted 1971 – The mole is added
2019 – Redefining the kilogram, the ampere, the kelvin and the mole

Unit conversion expresses the same property as a different unit of measurement.

UNIT EQUIVALENT EQUIVALENT

1 kilometre (km) 10 hectometres 1000m
1 hectometre (hm) 10 decametres 100m
1 decametre (dcm) 10 metres
1 metre (m) 10 decimeters 100cm, 1000mm
1 decimetre (dm) 10 centimetres
1 decimeter 0.1 metre
1 centimetre (cm) 1 milimetres
1 centimeter 0.01 metres
1 milimetre (mm) 0.001 metres

Iteration is the repetition of a process in order to generate a sequence of

outcomes. Iteration is used in order to find a measurement. It is technically referred to
when you use a unit repeatedly. According to Kamii and Clark, t is the ability to think
of the length of a small block as part of the length of the object being measured and to
place the smaller block repeatedly along the length of the larger object.
Measurement is the process of which you compare an unknown quantity, along
with the same quantity as it’s standard. According to Michael Nelson, there are four
categories of the principles of measurement which is nominal that categorizes
responses which are not necessarily ordered, ordinal that is used to describe data that
have an inherent order, interval that indicates the observations with relative order and
the true size of the interval between two values, and ratio that is mathematically
speaking, the strongest scales.
Measuring tools are necessary equipment for determining physical quantities.
The common types of measuring tools include caliper, ruler, tape measure, level, and
protactor. A caliper is a type of measuring tool that is used to determine the thickness,
outside and interior diameters, length, width, and depth of an object. A ruler is a tool
used to measure distances and draw straight lines in geometry and technical drawing,
as well as in the engineering and construction sectors. A tape measure is a versatile
ruler that can be folded into any form and used to measure length or width. In their
most basic form, they are made up of a fabric or plastic ribbon with measures in
inches, centimeters, and/or millimeters written on it. A level is a form of measuring
instrument that’s used to show the horizontal plane. The level is an optical instrument
that displays measured findings by using air bubbles in a liquid media. Protractors are
 half-circle-shaped measuring devices often constructed of plastic or glass. These are
commonly marked with degrees and are used to measure angles.

Republic of the Philippines

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
College of Industrial Education
Batangas Extension Program

IV. REFLECTION AND INSIGHTS

In this lesson, we tackled measurement, the history of measurement, and units

of conversion. Measuring an object is like checking if your estimate is accurate. It is
said that measurement is the process of comparing an unknown quantity to the same
quantity as its standard. I think this mean that if we have an accurate measurement
then we will be able to create same object. For example, if we are building a room, if
we know the measurement, it will be easy for us to create another room with the same
unit.
I`ve learned that measurement plays a significant role in agriculture, construction,
and trade. Through measurement, humans are able to create buildings. We`ve seen
many people use measuring tools in constructing new homes. Having an accurate
measurement in construction helps keep houses strong. In agriculture, measurement is
important when measuring the land where crops will be planted. Trading products
requires the right measurement, too. It will be fair for everyone if the right amount of
products is paid for with the right amount of money.
After understanding the significance and history of measurement, we tackled unit
conversion. Unit conversion is the process of calculating the quantity of an unknown
object in a different unit of measurement. For example, converting 5 kilometers in
meters. 1 kilometers is equivalent to 1000 meters, so you need to multiply 5 kilometers
to 1000 meters. The answer is 5000 meters.

IV. RECOMMENDATION

V. DOCUMENTATION
 Republic of the Philippines
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
College of Industrial Education
Batangas Extension Program

TECHNICAL DRAWING

I. OBJECTIVES

 To differentiate the two types of computer-aided design system.

 Appreciate the basic concepts and principles of technical drawing.
 Practice proper usage of tools and equipments utilized in technical drawing

II. DISCUSSION