SUPERVISED INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

M/S A.R CONTRUCTION & CO.

51-E, A-BLOCK, JAVAD AVENUE OKARA

BSc CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY

DILSHAD MASIH

2017-GCUF-7299

12919

Training Period

22-10-20 to 22-01-21

DEPARTMENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

GOVT. COLLEGE UNIVERSITY FAISALABAD

SAHIWAL CAMPUS

2020
SUPERVISED INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
M/S A.R CONTRUCTION & CO.
51-E, A-BLOCK, JAVAD AVENUE OKARA

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

THE DEGREE OF
BSc CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO
THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
GOVT. COLLEGE UNIVERSITY FAISALABAD SAHIWAL CAMPUS
SAHIWAL
SUBMITTED BY
Name of Student Roll No
DILSHAD MASIH 12919
Training Period
22-10-20 to 22-01-21

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY FAISALABAD

SAHIWAL CAMPUS
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise and glory to Almighty Allah, the most compassionate and merciful, who enabled us
with a power and means to contribute a drop to existing ocean of knowledge. For what I have
received, may the Lord make me truly thank full. And more truly for what I have not
received.

All studies, planning, development and execution of the field training report were carried out
under the able supervision and guidance of our honored teacher. We acknowledge this help,
guidance and valuable advice at all stages of study and express our great debt of gratitude to
our most esteemed advisor Engr. Ali Aqdas lecturer of Department of Civil Engineering
and Technology without his able guidance, encouragement, interest and generous
contribution from his own experience, this study might not have been accomplished.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to head of Department of Civil Engineering
Technology Dr. Muhammad Ashraf and all academic staff of Department of Civil
Engineering Technology and Management for their support throughout our stay in this
institution. The authors are also abundantly obliged to staff of M/S A.R CONSTRUCTION
& CO for their cooperation during internship. Last but not the least: we must acknowledge
our beloved parents and friends whom prayers have always been matter of encouragement
throughout our lives and especially during our academic career.

In the end, we must thank once again to all those who helped us in our internship period. We
shall pray and recall with pleasure and gratitude those never fading pleasant memories of
golden years spent.

Signature of Student
DILSHAD MASIH (12919)

i
 CERTIFICATE
I hereby certify that I have completed the 12 Weeks Training in partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of BSc Civil Engineering Technology. I did my M/S A.R
CONSTRUCTION & CO from 22-10-20 to 22-01-21.
The matter presented in this Report has been submitted by me only for the completion of my
degree.

Signature of Student
DILSHAD MASIH (12919)

Examined by:
Engr. Ali Aqdas

INCHARGED/HOD

Engineering Technology Department

ii
COMPANY CERTIFICATE

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement ⅰ

Table of Contents v

List of Figures viii

List of Tables ix

List of Abbreviations x

COMPANY CERTIFICATE ii

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................1

1.1 about to company ..........................................................................................................1

1.2 Current project location company.....................................................................................1

1.3 History...............................................................................................................................1

1.4 Business sectors.................................................................................................................2

1.5 Purpose..............................................................................................................................2

1.6 Vision................................................................................................................................2

1.7 Major in progress Projects.................................................................................................2

1.8 General Manager...............................................................................................................3

1.9 Project Manager................................................................................................................3

1.10 Purchase Manager...........................................................................................................3

1.11 H&R Director..................................................................................................................3

1.12 Financial Director............................................................................................................3

1.13 Marketing Director..........................................................................................................4

1.14 Section chief....................................................................................................................4

1.15 Civil supervisor...............................................................................................................4

1.16 Roles of civil supervisor..................................................................................................4

1.17 Site Engineer...................................................................................................................4

1.18 Planning Engineer...........................................................................................................4

1.19 Structural Engineer..........................................................................................................4

1.20 Surveyor......................................................................................................4 1.21QA\QC

.................................................................................................................................................4

1.22 Safety Officer..................................................................................................................5

1.23 Accountant......................................................................................................................5

1.24 Cost Estimator.................................................................................................................5

1.25 Office Management.........................................................................................................5

v
 1.27 Cashier.............................................................................................................................5

1.28 Advertisement.................................................................................................................5

1.29 Details about project & documentation...........................................................................6

1.29.1 Newspaper add:........................................................................................................6

1.29.2 Admin approval:.......................................................................................................7

1.29.3 Technical Sanction:..................................................................................................8

1.29.4 Papra Notice:............................................................................................................9

1.29.5 Invitation of Bids:...................................................................................................10

1.29.6 Comparative Statement:.........................................................................................11

1.29.7 Work Order:...........................................................................................................12

CHAPTER 2: TRAINING WORK.......................................................................................13

2.1 External Services.............................................................................................................13

2.2 Main Approach Roads.....................................................................................................13

2.2.1 Components of Road................................................................................................14

2.2 Side Entrances.............................................................................................................16

2.3 Plint Protation..................................................................................................................19

2.4 Mian Sewerage Line & Manholes...............................................................................21

2.4.1 Sewerage Line..........................................................................................................21

2.4.2 Types of Sewer System............................................................................................21

2.4.3 Minimum Sewer Size...................................................................................................22

2.4.4 Minimum Cover of Sewer............................................................................................23

2.4.5 Direction of Sewer Line...............................................................................................23

2.4.6 What is Manhole..........................................................................................................23

2.4.7 Purpose of Manhole ....................................................................................................23

2.4.8 Location of Manhole....................................................................................................23

2.4.9Types of Manhole..........................................................................................................23

2.5 Septic Tank......................................................................................................................25

2.5.1 Types of Saptic Tank....................................................................................................26

2.5.2 Concrete Septic Tank...................................................................................................26

vi
 2.5.3 Steel Septic Tank .........................................................................................................27

2.5.4 Plastic Septic Tank.......................................................................................................28

2.5.5 Fiberglass Septic Tank.................................................................................................30

CHAPTER 3: SKILL ATTAINED ......................................................................................32

3.1 Drawing observation and implementation......................................................................32

3.2 Technical training............................................................................................................32

3.3 Mathematical skills.........................................................................................................32

3.4 Written communication skills.........................................................................................32

3.5 Oral communication skills..............................................................................................32

3.6 Leadership skills..............................................................................................................33

3.7 Organizational skills........................................................................................................33

3.8 Problem solving...............................................................................................................33

3.9 Decision-making.............................................................................................................33

3.9 Decision-making.............................................................................................................33

3.10 Use Material & Machinery on Project..........................................................................33

3.10.1 Brick...........................................................................................................................33

3.10.2 Comression Strength Test of Brick............................................................................34

3.10.3 Tuff Tile.....................................................................................................................35

3.10.4 Compression Strength of Tuff Paver..........................................................................35

3.10.5 Kerb Stone..................................................................................................................36

3.10.6 Compression Test of Concrete Kerb Stone................................................................36

3.10.7 Brick Ballast ..............................................................................................................37

3.10.8 Aggregate...................................................................................................................38

3.10.9 Cement.......................................................................................................................39

3.10.10 Sand..........................................................................................................................39

3.10.11 Concrete Mixer.........................................................................................................40

3.10.12 Plate Compactor.......................................................................................................41

vii
CHAPTER 4: FEEDBACK & RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................41

4.1 Feedback..........................................................................................................................41

4.2 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................42

4.3 Recommendations...........................................................................................................43

REFERENCES........................................................................................................................43

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
Figure 1.1 Associates Charts............................................................................................................. 2
Figure 1.2 News Paper add .......................................................................................................6
Figure 1.3 Admin Approval.......................................................................................................7
Figure 1.4 Technical Sanction...................................................................................................8
Figure 1.5 Papra Notice.............................................................................................................9
Figure 1.6 Invitation of Bids………………………………………………………………….…… 10
Figure 1.7 Comparative Statement…………………………………………………...………11
Figure 1.8 Work Order……………………………………………………………………….12
Figure 2.1 Surface Course or Wearing Course ……………………………………………....15
Figure2.2 Main Approach Road……………………………………………………...………15
Figure 2.3 Side Entrance……………………………………………………………………..17
Figure 2.4 Side Entrance……………………………………………………………………..17
Figure 2.5 Plinth Protection.....................................................................................................19
Figure2.6 Plinth Protection......................................................................................................20
Figure 2.7Separate System.......................................................................................................22
Figure 2.8 Combined System ..................................................................................................22
Figure2.9 Manhole ..................................................................................................................24
Figure 2.10 Sewerage Line .....................................................................................................24
Figure 2.11 Concrete Septic Tank ..........................................................................................26
Figure 2.12 Steel Septic Tank .................................................................................................27
Figure 2.13 Steel Septic Tank..................................................................................................28

viii
Figure 2.14 Plastic Septic Tank...............................................................................................29
Figure2.15 Fiberglass Septic Tank..........................................................................................30
Figure 3.1 Brick.......................................................................................................................34
Figure 3.2 Test Report of Brick...............................................................................................34
Figure 3.3 Tuff Tile..................................................................................................................35
Figure 3.4 Test Report of Tuff Tile.........................................................................................36
Figure 3.5 Concrete Kerb Stone...............................................................................................36
Figure 3.6 Test Report of Kerb Stone......................................................................................37
Figure 3.7 Brick Ballast...........................................................................................................37
Figure 3.8 Aggregate...............................................................................................................38
Figure 3.9 Cement....................................................................................................................39
Figure 3.10 Sand.....................................................................................................................40
Figure 3.11 Concrete Mixer.....................................................................................................40
Figure 3.12 Plate Compacter....................................................................................................41

LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page

1.1 Project Authority ……………………………………………………………………13

1.2 Project Description…………………………………………………………………..13

2.1 Measurment sheet of Approach Roads..........................................................................16

2.2 Measurment sheet of Side Entrance (06)………………………………………...........18

2.3 Measurment sheet of Plinth Protection………………………………..........................21

2.4 Measurment sheet of Sewerage line & Manhole………………………………...........25

2.4 Measurment sheet of Septic Tank………………………………………………..........31

ix
 LIST OF ABBREVATION

AASHTO American association of state highway and tasting officials

RCC Reinforcement concrete

PCC Plain cement concrete

DPC Damp proof course

PM Project manager

CM Construction manager

x
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 About the Company
Company name: M/S A.R Construction & Co.

Date of Establishment:

Owner: Mr. Asghar Ali

Address:51-E, A BLOCK, JAVAD AVENUE OKARA.

Licence No:5365

Serial No: 470445 Categorey: C3

1.2 Current Project Location of Company

University Of Okara .2-KM, Renala Khurd - Okara Road, G.T. Road, Okara، N-5، Okara,
Punjab 56300.

1.3 History

The University of Okara (UO) is a public university located in Renala

Khurd, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan .In 2005, Okara campus of the University of Education,
Lahore (UE) was inaugurated by then Minister of Defence (Pakistan) Rao Sikandar Iqbal On
February 23, 2016, Provincial Assembly of the Punjab passed the "University of Okara Bill
2016. Following that, Government of the Punjab issued a notification on April 1, 2016 for the
upgradation of Okara campus to the University of Okara .University of Okara is an emerging
public sector University established under the Government of the Punjab Act, 2016 (XIII of
2016) providing quality educational facilities to students in various disciplines and many of its
departments are in formative phase. Engineering department is an organizational unit aboard a
ship that is responsible for the operation, maintenance, and repair and build new academic
blocks. The Development Department Does The development department is responsible
for acquiring the funds that keep your organization going. It takes money to pay for an office,
office supplies, staff payment, and, most importantly, programs. Most nonprofits are funded by a
variety of revenue sources.

1
1.4 Business sectors
i. Construction
ii. Flyover Construction
iii. Building Construction
iv. Road Construction
v. Consultants
vi. Engineering 

1.5 Purpose
To bring prosperity and well-being to our clients and society at large by adding value through
Engineering, Construction, Management and Technology.

1.6 Vision
To become a world class Engineering and construction company operating internationally.

1.8 Major in progress Projects

Development of Academic Block-II at University
of Okara.

2
 Figure: 1.1 Associates charts

Departments of the Organization

1.9 General Manager

General Manager of administration is responsible for overseeing all administrative functions
in your business. A major part involves leading and directing employees. She delegates
administrative tasks, such as accounting, paperwork and payroll, while giving you the freedom to
deal with other issues.

1.10 Project Manager

Project manager is a professional in the field of project management. Project managers have
the responsibility of the planning, procurement and execution of a project, in any undertaking that
has a defined scope, defined start and a defined finish; regardless of industry. Project managers are
first point of contact for any issues or discrepancies arising from within the heads of various
departments in an organization before the problem escalates to higher authorities.
Project management is the responsibility of a project manager. This individual seldom
participates directly in the activities that produce the end result, but rather strives to maintain the
progress, mutual interaction and tasks of various parties in such a way that reduces the risk of overall
failure, maximizes benefits, and minimizes costs.

1.11 Purchase Manager

Purchasing Manager is an employee within a company, business or other organization who is
responsible at some level for buying or approving the acquisition of goods and services needed by
3
the company. Responsible for buying the best quality products, goods and services for their company
at the most competitive prices, purchasing managers work in a wide range of sectors for many
different organizations. The position responsibilities may be the same as that of a buyer or
purchasing agent, or may include wider supervisory or managerial responsibilities. A Purchasing
Manager may oversee the acquisition of materials needed for production, general supplies for offices
and facilities, equipment, or construction contracts. A Purchasing Manager often supervises
purchasing agents and buyers, but in small companies the Purchasing Manager may also be the
purchasing agent or buyer.
The Purchasing Manager position may also carry the title "Procurement Manager" or in the
public sector, "Procurement Officer". He or she can come from both an Engineering Economics
background.

1.12 H&R Director

The HR director is the highest-ranking HR position in a company and typically has overall
responsibility for three areas: culture, capabilities and talent. At enterprise-level they may sit on the
board and advise senior leaders on HR developments and the effects of new policies to the
organization people and culture. In smaller firms, the HR director may be called the Head of HR.

1.13 Financial Director

Finance directors are members of a senior executive team with responsibility for their
company's financial health. They combine operational and strategic roles, manage accounting and
financial control functions, and establish a financial strategy.

1.14 Marketing Director

Marketing Director is responsible for providing direction, guidance and leadership to a
marketing department. They typically manage marketing of a business, organization, particular
product or group of products.

1.15 Section chief

Develop and implement strategy and tactics to carry out the objectives established by the
Incident Commander. Organize, assign, and supervise Staging, Medical Care, Infrastructure,
Security, Hazardous Materials, and Business Continuity Branch resources.

1.16 Civil supervisor

Civil Supervisors monitor civil construction projects. They oversee activities such as building
bridges, repairing highways and doing construction on airports.

1.17 Roles of civil supervisor

The five key supervisory roles include Educator, Sponsor, Coach, Counselor, and Director.
Each is described below. Note that in your role as a supervisor, you will be using these five roles, in
some combination, simultaneously, depending on the needs of the team members.

1.18 Site Engineer

A site engineer is part of the site management team, and takes some of the responsibility for
security, health and safety, and organizing and supervising materials and people. Site engineers mark
4
out the site, make sure designs are applied correctly and liaise with main and sub-contractors and the
site manager.

1.19 Planning Engineer

Planning engineers, also known as project planners, are responsible for planning and co-
coordinating the materials, plant, equipment and labor for large construction projects. They are also
sometimes known as construction project managers.

1.20 Structural Engineer

Structural engineering is a branch of civil engineering, and its applications are diverse. A
great deal of what structural engineers do involves designing structures such as buildings, bridges,
tunnels, etc. The majority of structural engineers work primarily as consultants to architects or
design-build contractors.

1.21 Surveyor
Surveyors update boundary lines and prepare sites for construction so that legal disputes are
prevented. Surveyors make precise measurements to determine property boundaries. They provide
data relevant to the shape and contour of the Earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, and
construction projects.

1.22 QA/QC
QA/QC is the combination of quality assurance, the process or set of processes used to
measure

and assure the quality of a product, and quality control, the process of ensuring products and services
meet consumer expectations.

1.23 Safety Officer

The Safety Officer is responsible for monitoring and assessing hazardous and unsafe
situations and developing measures to assure personnel safety.

1.24 Accountant
Accountants and auditors ensure that companies or organizations are efficiently operating.
They do this by accessing financial records of their clients. Duties include analyzing data, finance
reports, budgets, tax returns, and accounting records.

1.25 Cost Estimator

Cost estimators collect and analyze data in order to estimate the time, money, materials, and
labor required to manufacture a product, construct a building, or provide a service. They generally
specialize in a particular product or industry.

1.26 Office Management

Office management is an integral part of general management. It refers to the process of
planning, organizing, guiding, communicating, directing, coordinating and controlling the activities
of a group of people who are working to achieve business objectives efficiently and economically.

5
1.27 Cashier
i. Receive payment by cash, check, credit cards, vouchers, or automatic debits.
ii. Issue receipts, refunds, credits, or change due to customers.
iii. Count money in cash drawers at the beginning of shifts to ensure that amounts are correct and
that there is adequate change.

1.28 Advertisement
Paid, non-personal, public communication about causes, goods and services, ideas,
organizations, people, and places, through means such as direct mail, telephone, print, radio,
television, and internet.

1.29 Details about Project & Documentation

Project Name: External Development of Academic Block-II at University

OF Okara.

1.29.1 Newspaper Add

6
 Figure: 1.2 Newspaper add

Ch-III section 12 Advertisement tells about method of advertisement

Procurement more than 100000 to 2.000 million will be advertise on web site of PPRA and if
deemed in public interest at least one national daily newspaper.

1.29.2 ADMIN APPROVAL

Administrative approval means the formal acceptance by an administrative department of a
proposal that the Public Works Department should incur a specified amount of expenditure on a
specified work required by, or in connection with that administrative department.

7
 Figure: 1.3 admin approval

1.29.3 Technical sanction (T.S)

The order of the competent authority sanctioning a properly detailed estimate of cost of work
proposed to be carried out by the authority which is called technically sanctioned estimate. It refers

8
to an assurance that the proposal is technically and structurally sound and the estimate were
accurately calculated on the basis of adequate data. A TSE can be approved to the limit of 10%
above the AA.

Figure: 1.4 Technical Section (T.S)

1.29.4 PAPRA NOTICE

9
A tender notice is essentially an official letter that the organizations have to send for the
procurement of the goods and services required on a large scale. For the execution of projects
also tender notice is required. Thus, the tenders are filled when an invitation is received for bidding.
Procurement more than 100000 to 2.000 million will be advertise on web site of PPRA and if
deemed in public interest.

Figure: 1.5 PAPRA NOTICE

1.29.5 INVITATION OF BIDS

10
An invitation to bid, also called an invitation for bid or sealed bid, is a call to contractors to submit
a proposal on a project for a specific product or service. ... Similar to all other types of bids,
an invitation to bid is generally awarded to the contractor who submits the lowest bid.

Figure: 1.6 INVITATION OF BIDS

1.29.6 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT

11
A comparative statement is a document used to compare a particular financial statement with prior
period statements. Previous financials are presented alongside the latest figures in side-by-side
columns, enabling investors to identify trends, track a company's progress and compare it with
industry rivals.

Figure: 1.7 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT

1.29.7 WORK ORDER

12
 What to Include on a Construction Work Order Form. ... Work orders are records for jobs you
take, and they include details for work to be performed, as well as projected service, labor, parts, and
labor costs.

Figure: 1.8 WORK ORDER

1.29.1 Project Authority:

Project Manager Mr. Saleem

Construction Manager Mr.Ali Zia

13
 Site Engineer Mr. Abdul Rahman

Table 1-1 Project Authority

1.29.2 Project Description:

Date of commencement October 07,2020

Date of completion February2021

Client Engineering department

University of Okara

No of construct 6 Steps

Cost of project 7.4 million

Table 1-2 Project Description

Chapter 2: Training Work

2.1 EXTERNAL SERVICES
 Main Approach Roads (48ft 01 No & 36ft wide 02 No)
 Side Entrances 16ft wide (06 No)
 Plinth Protection of building
 Main Sewerage Line and Manholes
 Septic Tank Size 17.5ft x 09ft x 09ft

2.2 MAIN APPROACH ROADS (48ft 01 No & 36ft wide 02 No)

Approach road” means any public or private roadway or driveway connection between the
outside edge of the shoulder or curb line and the right-of-way line of a public or county road,
intended to provide vehicular access to, from, or across said public or county road and the adjacent
or adjoining property.

2.2.1 Components of Road Pavement Structure: Following are the different

components of road structure:
i. Subgrade
ii. Sub-base
iii. Surface course or wearing course

14
 i. Subgrade
The finished and compacted surface of earthwork on which a road pavement rests is called subgrade
or formation. The subgrade of a road may be provided on an embankment, in cutting or existing
ground level depending upon the topography and the finalized formation level. It consists of well
compacted natural soil brought to the required camber and gradient. The thickness and type of
pavement structure depend upon the supporting power of the subgrade because the entire load of the
pavement, including the load of traffic transmitted through the pavement, is ultimately taken up by
the subgrade.

ii. Sub-base
A layer of granular material provided in between the subgrade and the base course in a road
pavement is known as sub-base. It is provided as an additional layer when subgrade is of poor
quality. It consists of a layer comparatively cheaper material like burnt clinker, natural gravel
or slag. We are used sand cousins as a sub base layer under base course. This sand is what the
pavers will be sitting on directly, soit’simportant to prepare the surface thoroughly. Typically, a
1” layer of sand is applied all over the work area. It is essential to provide a softer layer for the
pavers to settle into – otherwise they may crack or break in the next stage of the process. Avoid
high-spots or valleys, reworking them if need be in order to get a flat surface.

iii. Surface course or Wearing course

The topmost layer of the road pavement directly exposed to traffic is called is called wearing
course or surfacing. A good wearing course should be impervious and weather resisting. It
should be able to resist abrasive action of the traffic. In this step we are Place chosen paving
stones or blocks in the desired position, on top of the freshly prepared sand. When satisfied, run
the compactor over them to bed them into the surface. This typically requires a minimum of 2
passes.

When running the machine on top of the pavers, we highly recommend using a urethane mat on your
compactor to minimize potential damage to the pavers and the machine. This is essential when using
synthetically manufactured pavers – common in North America – as opposed to the tougher granite
stone. Finally, finish off the process by running the compactor over the pavers whilst adding fine
sand between the joints to finally settle the pavers and create the necessary density between them to
keep them stable.

The basic principle of compacting any material is the same: put the material down in layers and
compact between each one.

15
Figure 2.1 Surface course or Wearing course

Figure 2.2 Main Approach Road

16
 Sr.
# Descriptions Nos. L B H Quantity Unit
1 Excavation            
  Main Front Passage 2 36 1.5 0.75 81.0 Cft
Dry Rammed Brick Ballast
  Main Front Passage 2 36 1.5 0.25 27.0 Cft
  Main Front Passage 1 48 16 0.33 253.4 Cft
2 PCC 1:2:4            
  Front Main Entrances 1 48 16 0.25 192.0 Cft
3 Pacca Brick work other than building            
1.12
  Main Front Passage 2 36 5 0.25 20.3 Cft
  Main Front Passage 2 36 0.75 3.75 202.5 Cft
4 Plaster 1/2"            
  Main Front Passage 2 36   3.75 270.0 Cft
5 Filling sand under floors at G.F            
  Front Entrance Main 1 36 48 3.5 6048 Cft
6 Tuff Paver 60mm

7 Kerb Stone            
  Front Entrance Main 2 36     72 Rft
8 Earthwork            
  Front Entrance Main 2 36 4 4 1152 Cft

Table 2.1 Measurment sheet of Approach Roads

2.2 Side Entrances 16ft wide (06 No)

A building's entrance fulfils an important role in providing activity for the street
and creating an identity for the building. The entry should be designed so that the visitor or
resident can readily find their way to and around the building. A structure with a curved top and
two straight sides that you can walk through ... the entrance to a large public building or place
that a lot of people visit.

17
Figure 2.3 Side Entrance (06 No)

Figure 2.4 Side Entrance (06 No)

18
Sr.
# Descriptions Nos. L B H Quantity Unit

ENTRANCES
1 Excavation            
  Side Entrances 4 16 2 0.75 96.0 Cft
2 Dry Rammed Brick Ballast            
  Side Entrances 4 16 2 0.25 32.0 Cft
  Side Entrances 2 16 6 0.25 48.0 Cft
3 Pacca Brick work other than building            
  Side Entrances 4 16 1.5 0.25 24.0 Cft
    8 8.5 1.5 0.25 25.5 Cft
1.12
  Side Entrances 4 16 5 0.25 18.0 Cft
1.12
    8 8.5 5 0.25 19.1 Cft
  Side Entrances 4 16 0.75 3.5 168.0 Cft
    8 8.5 0.75 3.5 178.5 Cft
  Side Entrances 4 16 6 0.5 192.0 Cft
    4 16 5 0.5 160.0 Cft
    4 16 4 0.5 128.0 Cft
    4 16 3 0.5 96.0 Cft
    4 16 2 0.5 64.0 Cft
    4 16 1 0.5 32.0 Cft
4 Plaster 1/2"            
  Side Entrances 4 16   3.5 224.0 Cft
    8 8.5   3.5 238.0 Cft
  Side Entrances 4 16   0.5 32.0 Cft
    4 16   1.5 96.0 Cft
    4 16   1.5 96.0 Cft
    4 16   1.5 96.0 Cft
    4 16   1.5 96.0 Cft
    4 16   1.5 96.0 Cft
  Side Entrances Sides 8 6   0.5 24.0 Cft
  Side Entrances Sides 8 5   0.5 20.0 Cft
  Side Entrances Sides 8 4   0.5 16.0 Cft
  Side Entrances Sides 8 3   0.5 12.0 Cft
  Side Entrances Sides 8 2   0.5 8.0 Cft
  Side Entrances Sides 8 1   0.5 4.0 Cft
5 Filling sand under floors at G.F            
  Side Entrances 4 16 8 3.5 1792.0 Cft
6 Tuff Paver 60mm            
  Side Entrances 4 16 8   512.0 Sft

Table 2.2 Measurment sheet of Side Entrance (06 No)

19
2.3 Plinth Protection of building
Plinth protection reduces direct water from entering into the soil close to the plinth wall. In other
words, the area surrounding the building is usually known as plinth protection.

Plinth protection usually is done by pouring an approximate 75 – 100 mm layer of plain cement

concrete along the edge of the building.

The protection of the plinth is necessary to prevent/reduce the infiltration of water in the soil that
reaches the plinth wall and reaches the floor level by capillary action.

The plinth beam protection reduces the direct entry of water into the ground near the plinth board
wall.

In technical terms, the area around the building is generally known as plinth protection. The
plinth protection is usually done by pouring a layer of approximately 100 mm of
common cement concrete along the edge of the building.

Figure 2.5 Plinth Protection

20
The main idea behind this is to prevent water retention along the edge of the building, thus
ensuring a long service life in most basic buildings, the protection of the plinth is usually left
exposed for viewing.

However, in the case of well-finished buildings, the plinth beam protection can be covered with a
layer of sidewalk blocks, gravel, or even the surrounding lawn.

The protection of the plinth is necessary to prevent/reduce the infiltration of water in the soil that
reaches the plinth wall and reaches the floor level by capillary action.

The plinth board protection reduces the direct entry of water into the ground near the plinth
board wall. In other words, the area around the building is generally known as plinth protection.

However, in the case of well-finished buildings, the plinth board protection can be covered with
a layer of sidewalk blocks, gravel, or even the surrounding lawn.

Note: The plinth board protection is provided to prevent the extension or spread of cracks in the
foundation on the wall above when the foundation is laid. If water is seeping into the ground.

21
 Figure 2.6 Plinth Protection

Sr.
# Descriptions Nos. L B H Quantity Unit

  PLINTH PROTECTION            
1 Excavation            
    1 1050 1.5 0.75 1181.3 Cft
            1181.3 Cft
2 Backfilling with surplus earth            
    1 1181.3 0.67   791.4 Cft
            791.44 Cft
3 Dry Rammed Brick Ballast            
    1 1050 1.5 0.25 393.8 Cft
    1 1050 2.25 0.25 590.6 Cft
            1033.6 Cft
4 Pacca Brick work other than building            
  1.12
  1 1050 5 0.25 295.3 Cft
  Manholes 1 1050 0.75 3.75 2953.1 Cft
            3248.4 Cft

22
 5 Sand Filling Under floor            
    1 1050 2.25 3.5 8268.8 Cft
            8268.8 Cft
6 Mosaic Flooring 3/8"            
    1 1050 3   3150.0 Sft
            3150.0 Sft
7 Marble Patti            
    1 1300     1300.0 Rft
            1300.0 Rft
8 Plaster 1/2"            
    1 1050 2.5   2625.0 Sft

Table 2.3 Measurment sheet of Plinth Protection

2.4 Main Sewerage Line and Manholes

2.4.1 Sewerage Line

Sewerage is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (storm water, melt
water).The main part of such a system is made up of large pipes (i.e. the sewers, or "sanitary
Vacuuming debris from a sewer line

2.4.2 Types of Sewer Systems

i. Separate System

ii. Combined System

i. Separate System
It is the system in which storm water is carried separately from domestic and industrial waste
water. This system is preferred when

Figure 2.7 Separate System

23
 There is an immediate need for collection of sanitary sewage but not for storm water
 When sanitary sewage needs treatment but the storm water does not. Design of Sewer
System
ii. Combined System

It is the type of system in which sewer carries both the sanitary and storm water. Combined
system is favored when

Figure 2.8 Combined System

Combined sewage can be disposed of without treatment.

 Both sanitary and storm water need treatment

 Streets are narrow and two separate sewers cannot be laid. Design of Sewer System

2.4.3 Minimum Sewer Size

225mm is taken as the minimum sewer size. The reason being that, the choking does not take
place even with the bigger size particles, which are usually thrown into the sewer through
manholes. Design of Sewer System

2.4.4 Minimum Cover of Sewer

1m is taken as the minimum cover over the sewers to avoid damage from live loads coming on
the sewer. Design of Sewer System

2.4.5 Direction of Sewer Line

Sewer should flow, as for as possible the Natural Slope. D

2.4.6 What is Manhole

Manholes are masonry or RCC chambers constructed at suitable intervals along the sewer lines
for providing access into them.

24
2.4.7 Purposes of Manhole

 They are used to carry out inspection, cleaning and removing obstruction in the sewer line. 
 Manhole allows joining of sewers or changing the direction of sewer or alignment of sewer
or both.
 They allow the escape of considerable gases through perforated cover and thus help in
ventilation of sewage.
 They facilitate the laying of sewer line in convenient lengths.

2.4.8 Location of Manhole

 Manhole is provided when

 There is change in grade of sewer
 There is change in alignment
 There is change in size of sewer
 At junction of two or more sewers
 Manhole is also provided in straight alignment of sewers at regular intervals depending upon
the diameters of sewers. It ranges from 90m to 150m (300' – 500') e.g. 75m for 60cmф, 120m
for 90cmф and 150m for 120cmф.

2.4.9 Types of Manhole

Depending upon the depth the manhole can be classified as;

i. Shallow manhole
It is provided at shallow depth of 75-90cm (2'-3'). It is provided at the beginning of
branch sewer or at a place not subjected to heavy traffic. It is provided with a light cover at its
top it is also called inspection chamber.

ii. 2. Normal Manhole

It is provided in sewer line at depth of 150cm with a heavy cover on its top. It is generally of
square shape (or rectangular shape).

3. Deep Manhole
They are provided at depth greater than 150cm with heavy cover at the top. The size is gradually
increased and a facility for going down is provided.

25
 Figure 2.9 Manhole Figure 2.10 Sewerage Line

Sr.
# Descriptions Nos. L B H Quantity Unit

  SEWERAGE            
1 Excavation of Sewerage upto 7ft            
  Sewerage Pipe 1 820 1.5 2.5 3075.0 Cft
  Manholes 18 5 5 3 1350.0 Cft
2 Sewerage Pipe            
    1 820     820.0 Rft
3 Dry Rammed Brick Ballast            
  Manholes 18 5 5 0.33 148.5 Cft
4 PCC 1:2:4            
  Manholes 18 5 5 0.17 76.5 Cft
Pacca Brick work other than building
5            
  Manholes 36 4.5 0.75 2.5 303.8 Cft
  Manholes 36 3 0.75 2.5 202.5 Cft
6 PCC 1:2:4 Benching            
  Manholes 18 3 3   162.0 Sft

26
 Plaster 3/4"
7            
  Manholes 72 3 2.5   540.0 Sft
            540.0 Sft
8 Plaster 1/2"            
  Manholes 72 4.5 3.25   1053.0 Sft
9 RCC 1:2:4 Raft            
  Manholes 18 4.5 4.5 0.25 91.1 Cft
10 Manhole Cover            
  Manholes 1 18     18.0 Nos

Table 2.4 Measurment sheet of Sewerage Line & Manhole

2.5 Septic Tank Size 17.5ft x 09ft x 09ft

Septic tank collects sewage and treats it by bacterial decomposition and is generally located
underground. For a better septic system, a good septic tank is important which depends on the
type of material used for its construction. To select a good septic tank, one must know about the
different types of septic tank materials, their advantages, and drawbacks which are briefly
explained below.

2.5.1 Types of Septic Tank Materials

Septic tanks are classified into 4 different types based on materials used for manufacturing and
they are as follows:

 Concrete septic tank

 Steel septic tank
 Plastic septic tank
 Fiberglass septic tank

2.5.2 Concrete Septic Tank

Concrete septic tanks are massive and are generally pre-casted for easy installation. These
precast concrete tanks have specific gravity around 2.40, which makes it strong to withstand the
buoyant forces when placed in the ground. Their strength also increases gradually over time.

27
Concrete septic tanks are available in two types based on their structural configuration: single
structure tanks or all-in-one systems. In single structure tanks, each chamber (such as aeration
chamber, clarifier, trash tank, etc.) is pre-casted separately while in the all-in-one system, all
such chambers are provided in one large tank. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of
precast concrete septic tanks are given below.

Figure 2.11 Concrete Septic Tank

Advantages

 Concrete septic tanks are heavy in weight and hence they will not float if the water table
is near the tank level.
 The lifespan of concrete septic tanks is very long and they may survive for many decades.
 They are strong enough and are not easily damaged by heavy machines.
 They are rustproof.

Drawbacks

 Costly compared to other types of tank materials.

 It is hard to repair when it is damaged.
 Large equipment is required to transport and install pre-casted concrete septic tanks
which makes installation more complex.
 Use of low-quality concrete mix develops cracks through which the effluent may seep
out.

28
2.5.3 Steel Septic Tanks
Steel septic tanks are made of steel and are least popular nowadays because of their cost and low
durability. The main problem associated with steel septic tanks is they deteriorate easily and
quickly compared to other materials.

If the top portion of the steel septic tank gets corroded, it cannot resist any weights on top of it
and may collapse suddenly at any time. Hence, while inspecting steel septic tanks, care should be
taken. These type of septic tanks are not recommended nowadays.

Figure 2.12 Steel Septic Tank

Advantages

 Steel septic tanks are heavy in weight hence, they will not float when the water table is
nearer to the tank.
 They have good resistance against buoyant forces.
Drawbacks

 Steel gets corroded easily which lowers the life span of steel tanks compared to other
septic tank materials.
 High price and low durability.
 It is hard to remove corroded steel septic tanks from the ground. Their poor condition
may lead to dangerous situations.

29
 Figure 2.13 Steel Septic Tank

2.5.4 Plastic Septic Tanks

Plastic septic tanks are made of polyethylene plastic, hence, they are also called as poly septic
tanks. They are good alternatives to concrete and steel septic tanks since they are lighter in
weight and rustproof. The lighter weight makes it easier to handle and install plastic septic
tanks.Plastic septic tanks have specific gravity around 0.97 which is lesser than water specific
gravity which makes the tank float when the water table is nearer to it. Hence, before installing a
plastic septic tank one should examine the water table of that particular area or provide
anchoring to the tank so that the floating or shifting of the tank can be eliminated. The
advantages and disadvantages of plastic septic tanks are as follows.

30
 Figure 2.14 Plastic Septic Tank

Advantages

 Plastic septic tanks are economical compared to other types of septic tank materials.
 They are easy to handle and install.
 They have good chemical resistance.
 Rustproof.
 Good resistance against cracking.
Drawbacks

 When the water table is near to the tank bottom, it may push the tank upwards and plastic
septic tanks may float due to its weight.
 They are prone to damage under critical conditions.
 Heavy weights should not be placed or moved over the plastic septic tank otherwise it
will deflect and change its shape which may finally lead to the explosion of the tank due
to high pressure.

2.5.5 Fiberglass Septic Tank

31
Fiberglass septic tanks are made using fiber reinforced plastics (FRP). They are similar to plastic
septic tanks but the reinforcement of glass fibers makes them stronger than plastic tanks. They
are also light in weight and easy to handle.

The lighter weight of the tank may cause floating or shifting of the tank which can be eliminated
by proper anchoring of the tank to the ground. Some of the advantages and drawbacks of
fiberglass septic tanks are as follows:

Figure 2.15 Fiberglass Septic Tank

Advantages

 Cheaper than concrete and steel septic tanks.

 Better strength when compared to plastic septic tanks
 High Durability.
 Rustproof.
 Watertight.

Drawbacks

 Like plastic septic tanks, fiberglass septic tanks also cannot resist buoyant forces and will
float or shift when the water table is nearer to them
Sr. Descriptions
# Nos. L B H Quantity Unit

32
 1 Excavation of Sewerage upto 7ft            
  Septic Tank 1 20.5 12 7 1722.0 Cft
2 Excavation of Sewerage above 7ft            
  Septic Tank 1 20.5 12 4 984.0 Cft
3 Dry Rammed Brick Ballast            
  Septic Tank 1 20.5 12 0.33 81.2 Cft
4 PCC 1:2:4            
  Septic Tank 1 20.5 12 0.25 61.5 Cft
5 PCC 1:2:4 Benching            
  Septic Tank 1 17.5 9   157.5 Sft
6 RCC 1:2:4 Raft            
  Septic Tank 1 19.5 11.5 0.5 112.1 Cft
7 RCC 1:2:4 Slab            
  Septic Tank 2 18.5 0.75 8 222.0 Cft
  Septic Tank 2 9 0.75 8 108.0 Cft
  Septic Tank Partition walls 2 9 0.75 7 94.5 Cft
  Septic Tank top 1 18.5 10.5 0.5 97.1 Cft
8 Manhole Cover            
  Septic Tank 1 2     2.0 Nos
9 Bitumen coating            
  Septic Tank 2 29 8   464.0 Sft
10 Iron Steps            
  Septic Tank 1 6     6.0 Nos
11 Cast iron pipe            
  Septic Tank 1 6     6.0 Rft

Table 2.5 Measurment sheet of Septic Tank

Chapter 3: Skill Attained

In today’s highly competitive, global world, civil engineers who possess the proper training,
education, and experience often find they have multiple career opportunities and options
available to them. These highly skilled engineers use their wide range of knowledge to grow and
successful careers in the public and private sectors. For those civil engineers who are early on in
their career, or for those who are looking to further their career success, it’s important to have a
solid grasp of the essential skills that are necessary for civil engineers today.

3.1 Drawing observation and implementation

Structural drawings and the steel placement drawings are complicated, in the very short
time period of internship I came to know the most important elements of drawings and their

33
implementation on site. Labor is a less drawing reading and understanding party so an engineer
should know how to study drawings.

3.2 Technical training

The foundation for any career in engineering, especially the field of civil engineering, is
an understanding and working knowledge of science. This includes chemistry, physics, biology,
and the computer sciences. Students vying for careers in the civil engineering field these days
have the upper hand, as the formal training they receive in their undergraduate and graduate
education helps lay a foundation for their technical training. Some states also require that civil
engineers obtain a Professional Engineer’s License (PE), especially when working with the
public.

3.3 Mathematical skills

The principles of mathematics are applicable to the day-to-day duties and routines of a
civil engineering career. In order to succeed as a civil engineer, engineering students need to
have a thorough understanding of algebra, calculus, trigonometry, and geometry. In some areas
of specialization, such as transportation engineering and water resources engineering, a basic
understanding of statistics is a plus.

3.4 Written communication skills

From technicians to project managers, civil engineers at every level need to be able to
communicate via written reports and correspondence in a clear and concise way. Oftentimes,
civil engineers deal with other professionals of various backgrounds such as architects, urban
planners, regional planners, and other technicians and tradespeople. Other aspects of their job
may require communicating with elected officials, citizens, and others who may not possess
technical backgrounds in engineering or science. This varied communication requires that civil
engineers can write in an easily understandable and straightforward manner for their audience.

3.5 Oral communication skills

Oral communication skills are another critical asset for future civil engineers. This entails
being able to listen to clients, officials, team members, and other skilled workers in order to
grasp their concerns and requests effectively. Strong speaking skills are also necessary for civil
engineers when explaining complex technical information to the people they work and interact
with in a concise fashion so that they can easily comprehend the information being shared.

3.6 Leadership skills

The responsibility for the outcomes of projects falls on the civil engineers who manage
them. Therefore, it is important that managers have significant leadership skills when overseeing
planners, technicians, technologists, surveyors, and contractors. This involves being able to plan
and prioritize, manage time effectively, delegate duties when necessary, make decisions with
confidence and authority, and motivate members of the team.

34
3.7 Organizational skills
One of the main duties of a licensed civil engineer is to monitor and evaluate the progress
of work completed at a jobsite, and making sure staff are in compliance with design documents,
project plans, and other rules and regulations. Licensed civil engineers are also the only ones
who can sign design documents for infrastructure projects. Due to this responsibility for the
official documents and the fact that engineers often work on multiple projects at once, they must
be able to organize project information, manage team members, and allocate resources where
necessary.

3.8 Problem solving

Analytical skills are absolutely vital. During the different stages of a project, such as
planning and construction, engineers will encounter a number of variables that will influence the
outcome or hold up the progress of a project. This is when engineers need to harness their skills,
education, and experience in order to find safe and cost-effective solutions to the issues that arise
while keeping the project on track.

3.9 Decision-making
While working as a leader and manager of a project, a civil engineer will need to consider
the available information, conflicting goals from different parties involved, professional ethics,
financial responsibilities, and safety concerns when making decisions. They need to have
confidence in themselves and in their team for providing accurate and useful information in order
to make decisions that are clear and effective. Also, when mistakes are made, they should take
responsibility, learn what went wrong, and guide the project on a new path.
As technology evolves and the needs of growing populations change, civil engineers also need to
ensure they continually strengthen their existing skillsets and spend time honing and developing
new ones. Each new skill civil engineers master could help them land their dream job, or rise the
ranks in their existing organization.

3.10 Use of Material & Machinery on Project

3.10.1 Brick
A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements and other elements
in masonry construction. Clay bricks are classified as first class, second class, third class and
fourth class based on their physical and mechanical properties. First Class Bricks. 1. These are
thoroughly burnt and are of deep red, cherry or copper colour.

35
 Figure 3.1 Brick

3.10.2 Compressive strength test of bricks 

Compressive strength test on bricks are carried out to determine the load carrying capacity
of bricks under compression with the help of compression testing machine.
Classification of Bricks based on Compressive Strength.

Material Compression Strength - σ - Tension Strength - σ -

psi psi

Bricks, hard 12000 400

Bricks, light 1000 40

Brick, common quality 1000 50

Figure 3.2 Test Report of Brick

3.10.3 Tuff tile

36
 A tuff tile is a paving stone, tile brick or brick-like piece of concrete commonly used as
exterior flooring. In a factory, concrete pavers are made by pouring a mixture of concrete
and some type of coloring agent into a mold of some shape and allowing setting. They are
applied by pouring a standard concrete foundation, spreading sand on top, and then laying
the pavers in the desired pattern. No actual adhesive or retaining method is used other than
the weight of the paver itself except edging. Pavers can be used to make roads, driveways,
patios, walkways and other outdoor platforms.

Figure 3.3 Tuff tile

3.10.4 Compressive Strength of Tuff pavers

Compressive Strength of Tuff pavers/ Tiles. ASTM C 936-13. Compression Testing Machine.
Tuff pavers (60mm), having 7000 PSI, crushing strength of approved manufacturer.

37
 Figure 3.4 Test Report of Tuff Tile

3.10.5 Kerb stone 

These kerb stones are widely used in the building and construction sectors for the following
purposes: As a gutter for proper drainage of the roadway. As a barrier to keep vehicles on the
road. ... To give a formal and finished look to the road.

Figure 3.5 Concrete Kerb Stone

3.10.6 Compression Test of Concrete Kerb Stone

For standard-compliant compression strength testing of concrete cubes, concrete cylinders,
concrete kerb stone, natural stone samples, Also using testing of concrete kerb stone
Compression Test Machine ALPHA 2-500.Standard Kerbstones are manufactured to yield a
minimum strength of 3000 psi and high traffic areas are manufactured to yield a strength of
3800 psi.

38
 Figure 3.6 Test Report of Kerb Stone

3.10.7 Brick ballast 

Brick ballast also known as crushed bricks or rohri/rohra in local terms. Brick Ballast. Brick
ballast is made of first class well burnt or slightly over-burnt brick-bats to 40 mm gauge for
foundations and floor concrete and 25 mm gauge.

Figure 3.7 Brick Ballast

39
 3.10.8 Aggregate
 Aggregate’ is a term for any particulate material. It includes gravel, crushed stone, sand,
slag, recycle concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregate may be natural,
manufactured or recycled.
 Aggregates make up some 60 -80% of the concrete mix. They provide compressive
strength and bulk to concrete.
 Aggregates in any particular mix of concrete are selected for their durability, strength,
workability and ability to receive finishes.
 For a good concrete mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard, strong particles free of
absorbed chemicals or coatings of clay and other fine materials that could cause the
deterioration of concrete.
 Aggregates are divided into either ‘coarse’ or ‘fine’ categories.
 Typically, the most common size of aggregate used in construction is 20mm. A larger
size, 40mm, is more common in mass concrete .Larger aggregate diameters reduce the
quantity of cement and water needed.

Figure 3.8 Aggregate

40
3.10.9 Cement
Portland cement, binding material in the form of a finely ground powder, usually gray, that
is manufactured by burning and grinding a mixture of limestone and clay or limestone and
shale. The inventor Joseph Aspin, of England, patented the basic process in 1824, naming it
for the resemblance of the cement when set to Portland stone, a limestone from the Isle of
Portland. When mixed with water, the anhydrous calcium silicates and other constituents in
the Portland cement react chemically with the water, combining with it (hydration) and
decomposing in it (hydrolysis) and hardening and developing strength.

Figure 3.9 Cement

3.10.10 Sand
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and
mineral particles. It is defined by size, being finer than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand
can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type a soil containing more than 85% sand
sized particles (by mass).The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock
sources and condition but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental
settings and non-tropical coastal setting in silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the
form of quartz. The second most common type of sand is calcium carbonate, for example
magnate, which has mostly been created, over the past half billion years, by various forms
of life, like coral and shellfish. It is, for example, the primary form of sand apparent in
areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions of years like the Caribbean.

41
 Figure 3.10 Sand

3.10.11 concrete mixer 

A concrete mixer (often colloquially called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously
combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A
typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components.

Figure 3.11 concrete mixer

42
3.10.12 Plate compactor 
A plate compactor is used to compress some types of soil and gravel for construction projects
that require a stable subsurface. The core of the machine is a heavy, flat plate that rests on the
ground when the machine is off.

Figure 3.12 Plate Compacter

Chapter 4: Feedback & Recommendations

4.1 FEEDBACK
During my internship period, I have been able to meet and network with so many people that I
am sure will be able to help me with opportunities in the future.

43
I conclude that internship is a building between the theoretical knowledge and the practical or the
reality work at the field of construction or civil engineering work.
One main thing that I have learned through this internship is time management skills as well as
self-motivation.  When I first started, I did not think that I was going to be able to make myself
to be at site almost.  Once I realized what I had to do I organized my day and work so that I was
not wasting my hours.  I learned that I needed to be organized and have questions ready for when
it was the correct time to get feedback.  From this internship and time management I had to learn
how to motivate myself through being in the site for so many hours.  I came up with various
proposals and ideas that the company is still looking into using.
Overall the internship laid sound foundation for us to start our career. We are proud to be able to
contribute towards nation building the country’s extremely critical period of the history. It will
be definitely sensible to scale this practice up and to replicate in other disciplines as well.
Another benefit of an internship is the opportunity to test out a job, employment setting,
management style and other aspects of a workplace.

This internship was a great experience to me. It was a real pleasure for me to work in
project management department of M/S A.R Construction & Co. I worked with nice people in a
good atmosphere. Carrying out this internship M/S A.R Construction & Co allows me to be
immerged in a different way to meet several interesting people in the organization. This
internship provides me great opportunity to gain experience in a particular field or industry.
I gained a lot of insight regarding of almost every aspect of site was given exposure in
almost all the department at the site. The friendly welcome from all employs sharing their
experience and give their peace of wisdom which they have gained in a long journey of work am
very much thank full for wonder accommodation facility for A.R Construction .I hope this
experience is valuable to me as a means of allowing me to experience how my studies are
applied in the future, and as work experience that can be highly attractive to potential employers
on my CV.

4.2 CONCLUSION
1) Be patient. Never lose your temper. Communicate well as it will help you a lot in dealing with
your client which is again a tough job.

2) Learn how to write an e-mail effectively and while writing choose your words properly as this
will make or break the purpose of your message.

3) Don’t tend to panic in case of pressure. It will make things more badly.

4) If you well about experiments you do in concrete technology lab it is good even if you don’t
need to worry. You will be able to learn in no more of time once you start working. In general,
engineers don’t do survey, it is handled by another special team meant for surveying only. Other

44
than these there is not much scope for experiments done in other labs, unless you are posted to
do works related to Geo-technical field.

5) Start working out on general arrangement and reinforcement drawings. This is only main
work, which is done by an engineer at site other than managing. You are supposed to execute
whatever show in those drawings at site and get it approved from the site.

6) Learn how to talk openly, manage various construction activities at a site. Managing is what
most of the time you will do as an engineer.

4.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
Most works in the site needs careful attention and successive supervision of works but the in
some case the site works goes improperly due to different causes. This kind of carelessness is not
good for either the contractor. Therefore, I suggest supervisors and site engineers to take a care
full look after the work executed on the site and the work that will be executed. In the site there
are works which are performed in the way that were not to be performed. Such works leads to
safety problem, loose of human power if its degree is high and economy if it is ordered to
demolish it.

 Thus I recommend for the company the following:

 Using the advanced instrument of building construction.
 Designing a building according to the future planning.

REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick

https://www.epa.gov/septic/types-septic-systems

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sewerage-system

https://civiljungle.com/plinth-protection/

https://glamox.com/uk/solutions/entrance-areas-and-foyers

https://www.codepublishing.com/OR/MarionCounty/html/MarionCounty11/
MarionCounty1110.html#:~:text=%E2%80%9CApproach%20road%E2%80%9D%20means
%20any%20public,the%20adjacent%20or%20adjoining%20property.

45
https://www.lexico.com/definition/kerbstone

https://www.conquestequipment.net/blog/conquest/hydraulic-plate-compactors#:~:text=A
%20plate%20compactor%20is%20used,that%20require%20a%20stable
%20subsurface.&text=The%20core%20of%20the%20machine,when%20the%20machine%20is
%20off.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_mixer

https://www.theconstructioncivil.org/brick-ballast/

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aggregate

http://eproc.punjab.gov.pk/BiddingDocuments/74208_DNIT.pdf

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