It is used to connect two straight runs of pipe,

the fitting being outside threaded.

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It is used to change the direction of a pipe:

45 or 90 degrees.

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It connects male end of a piece to a fitting of a

larger size; a reducing or enlarging fitting.
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A fitting that closes the end of pipe,

the fitting being outside threaded.

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A fitting that closes the end of the pipe,

the fitting being inside threaded.

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A hose fitting with clapper valves for combining
flow from two or more lines of hose into a single
stream. The inlet fitting of a fire stand pipe
located above ground level.
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A metallic sleeve, caulked, joined to an opening in

a pipe, to which a plug is screwed for the purpose
of cleaning or examining the interior of a pipe.

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It is used to mechanically connect two pipes

t o g e t h e r. I t c a n a l s o b e u s e d t o m e c h a n i c a l l y

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connect a pipe to a tee, valve, choke or any other
piece of equipment. These are available in round,
square, and rectangular shapes. In some cases,
these are usually in the shape of a ring or a plate
to form a rim at the end of a pipe when fastened
to the pipe.
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A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by

means of a circular disc fitted against machine-

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smoothed faces, at right angle to the direction
of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by means
of a threaded stem connected to the handle of
the valve. The opening in the valve is usually
as large as the full bore of the pipe.
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A type of gate valve, closes in the same manner

as the wedged type, except that its parallel
faces drop in a vertical position, and are
f o r c e d a p a r t b y t h e d i s c s p r e a d e r. T h i s t y p e o f
valve is used in cold liquid and sewage disposal
installation.

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A type of gate valve used where the stem must

be installed pointing downward.

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A valve in which the flow of liquid is cut off by

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means of a circular disc that fits over and
against the horizontal valve seat. The
movement of the plane of disc is parallel to the
normal direction of flow of water through the
orifice resulting to tortuous passage which
offers high pressure loss.
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A type of globe valve which has a wide bearing

surface producing good resistance to the
cutting effects of scale, dirt and other kind of
foreign matter found inside the pipe.

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A type of globe valve which has a pressure

tight bearing between the disc and the seat
recommended for cold water and any
temperature service.

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A type of globe valve which is used for various

types of services on oil, gasoline, steam and
h o t o r c o l d w a t e r.

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It is a valve that automatically closes to
prevent the flow of liquid or gas in a reverse
direction.
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It consist of a lever that can be rotated just 90

degrees. This lever controls a hollow half-

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sphere within the valve. When the lever is in
line with the valve, the half-sphere is retracted
and allows for the full flow of water through
the valve. When the lever is perpendicular to
the valve, the half-sphere completely blocks
the flow of water through the valve.
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It is a quarter-turn rotary motion valve, that is

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used to stop, regulate, and start the flow. It
has a shor t circular body. It is suitable for
large valve applications due to its compact,
lightweight design that requires considerably
less space, as compared to other valves.
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It is a valve located at the lower end of the
pump used to prevent loss of priming the pump.
It is sometimes referred to as retention valve.
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It is valve used on cold water systems, heating
systems, compressed air lines, and other
pipelines with excessive pressure.
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It is inserted into the water main. It serves as a
control of the water service. It also serve as a
shut off when the service is disconnected.
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It is installed between the curb and the

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sidewalk line accessible to cast iron stop box
e q u i p p e d w i t h r e m o v a b l e c o v e r. I t s e r v e s a s
control stop of the service between the curb
and the building. It shut off water supply in
case the basement becomes flooded.
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A device used to measure the amount of water
that passes through the water services.
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This is durable and is conveniently install

ed in most of the plumbing needs in buildin
g which
a r e less t h a n 2 5 st o r ey s h igh. H ow ever,
buildings taller than 25 storey do not sp
ecify the use of this because of constant
vibrations which causes water leak of the p
ipe joints.

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Type of cast iron pipe that is

generally used for bui
lding construction.

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Type of cast iron pipe classifie

d as extra duty pipe used for u
nderground installation.

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It is made from alloy of cast

iron and silicon which is wid
ely used in chemical laborat
ories, industries and other i
nstallations where acid was
tes are being discharged.

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It is made of asbestos fibers and Por

tland
cement. The thickness of the pipe is
twice as
that of the standard cast iron pipe.
It could be use as soil, waste, ventila
tion and downspout.
This kind of pipe is remarkably supe
rior for
embedment in concrete structure for
having the same material properties.

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It is the cheapest among the sewer

pipes. It is sometimes recommended
for house sewer and
for septic tank installation. This typ
e of pipe is light in weight, slightly fl
exible which could
take slight soil movement without d
anger of
cracking or pulling out from its joi
nt . How e ver, excessive hot w at er o r c
hemical flow may
soften or damage the pipe.

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It is one of the oldest materials use

d for sewer lines. It is made out of c
lay, cast into length of 75 centimete
rs treated with glazing compound.
It is highly resistant to most acid w
aste. It is durable material for unde
rground installations like public se
w er, ho use sew er or st or m dr ain.
Being made of clay, its physical p
roperties is brittle. Hence, it shoul
d not be laid on
unstable ground base.

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It is highly resistant to acid and su

itable for underground installatio
n but poisonous and
injurious to human health. Hence,
it is never used to convey water for h
uman consumption.

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It is made out from mild steel

and is easily corroded by alk
aline and acid w ater. I t is
subject to deposit of salt and lim
e that
gradually accumulate and finall
y c h o k e t h e f l o w of w ater. I t det
eriorates faster when used as
how water supply line.

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This is better than steel pipe

for plumbing installation, bec
ause it is more resistant to ac
id waste than steel pipe.

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It is one of the most expensi

ve types of pipes.
This pipe is made of alloy o
r zinc and copper.
Because of its smooth surfac
e and high
resistance to acid, brass pipe
become superior material for
waste and water supply
installations.

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Adurable and extremely corro

sive resistant material. It is e
asy to install compared with o
ther types of pipe.

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A copper pipe type used for water di

stribution, fire protection, oil, HVA
C, and many other
applications in the construction in
dustry. It is available in a rigid and f
lexible form and can
be used with flared and compression
fittings. It
is recommended for main water lines
and
underground installations because it
s thickness helps it withstand the pr
essure from backfilled earth in trenc
hes.

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A copper pipe type used for interior plumbing,

fire protection, and some HVAC applications. I
t is available in rigid and flexible forms and ca
n be used with sweat, compression, and flare
fittings. It is considered the most common type
of copper piping, as it can be used in many
more applications than Type K. Its flexible form
can be used to repair or replace old water
lines, although rigid tubing is more durable.
This type of copper pipe can be used outside
the home where it will be directly exposed. It
is thinner than Type K but thicker than type M.

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A copper pipe type which is thinner

than both type K and L copper pipe.
This is used most
commonly for heating water ser
vices and vacuum systems. It can
be used with sweat,
compression, and flare fittings. It is
favored
for residential work for its relativel
y low price;
a thinner wall means less copper and
thus a
lower price.

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It is a superior as sewer and c

old line water pipe line. It is m
ore resistant to rust and
corrosion. Water conveyed by
this pipe has no pipe taste.

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P O LY P RO P Y L E N E

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H I G H D E N S I T Y P O LY E T H Y L E N E
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U N P L A S T I C I Z E D P O LY V I N Y L C H LO R I D E
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