SCC AND COSCA BOARD EXAM TRIAL

RATIO IN CRIMINOLOGY AREA

Prepared by: Prof. Therese Angel Marie T. Baldos

INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY

1. Crimes are classified under the Revised Penal Code according to their gravity.
What crime to which the law attaches the capital punishment or afflictive
penalties.
a. grave felonies = Prision mayor-RT-RP-Death=more than 1.2 Million

Sing sing prison= 1st female= martha M. Place (2nd) William Kemmler (1st
person)
electrocution-philippines=Macial”baby Ama” -16 years old

lethal injection- RA 8177-Leo Echegaray= 3 does( SOPAPO)

sodium Thiopental= induce sleep
pancuronium Bromide= muscle paralysis
potassium Chloride= stop heart beat

Ra 9346= PROHIBITED !

b. less grave felonies=arresto mayor-prision correccional=not less than 40k but not
more than 1.2 Million
c. light felonies = arresto menor -200pesos=less than 40k
d. complex felonies

2. These are crimes which are wrong only because there are laws that prohibit
them in order to regulate an orderly society. Examples of these are the violations of
special laws like the violation of “Anti-Smoking Law”.
a. Mala prohibita
b. less grave felonies -X
c. Mala in se
d. light felonies -X

3. These are crimes which are wrong from their very nature. Examples of these
are murder, robbery, and other violations of the Revised Penal Code.

a. Heinous crimes
b. mala in se =NATURALLY EVIL, MORALLY WRONG
c. Serious crimes
d. mala prohibita -WRONG ONLY DUE TO EXISTING LAWS= TRAFFIC
VIOLATION, DRUGS, NO SMOKING, UNLICENSED FIREARMS, GAMBLING

4. Crimes which occur per 100,000 population per month. It is the theoretical basis
which determines the peace and order situation.
a. index crimes = CRIMES SERIOUS IN NATURE=SUFFICIENT
FREQUENCY=RPC
CLASSIFIED INTO TWO:
1. CRIMES AGAINST PERSON=MURDER, HOMICIDE, PHYSICAL
INJURY,RAPE
2. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY= THEFT AND ROBBERY

b. crime rate
c. non-index crimes =SPECIAL LAWS
d.crime statistics= MEASURE OF THE LEVE OR AMOUNT OF CRIMES

5 If Dumaguete City accounts for 26% of the national total crime volume of 84, 875,
how many crimes were reported to the police?

a. 22, 868
b. 22, 068
c. 20, 250
d. 32, 644

FORMULA:
84,875X.26
=22.067.5
=22.068

6. Classical Theory states that individuals have freewill. It is focused on an

individual's choice as to whether or not he will commit a crime and the purpose of
Classical Theory in giving punishment is________________.
a) Restoration -X
b) Treatment =POSITIVIST- REHAB/ REFORMATION
c) Retribution =PUNISHMENT
d) Deterrence = FEAR

7. Commonly known as victimless crime:

A. occasional crime
B. political crime
C. public order crime
D. conventional crime= ORDINARY CRIMINAL=REQUIRE LIMITED SKILL

= NO DIRECT PRIVATE OFFENDED PARTY

= NO COMPLAINING VICTIM
WHO WILL FILE= STATE/ GOVERNMENT
EX. DRUG-RELATED CRIMES
PROSTITUTION, TRAFFIC VIOLATION, GAMBLING

8. The study of Criminology involves the use of knowledge and concept of other
sciences and field of study which makes the study of criminology:
a. Dynamic= CHANGES =MODIFYING=IMPROVING
 b. Nationalistic=LAWS, CULTURE, NATURE IS BASED ON THE
COUNTRY=TERRITOTIAL
c. Social science = CRIMES AS PART OF SOCIETY
d. An applied science=NOT PURE
IS A CRIMINOLOGY A SCIENCE?
YES=EDWIN SUTHERLAND=HOPE THAT CRIMINOLOGY WILL BECOME
A SCIENCE IN THE FUTURE.
NO=GEORGE WILKER= IT HAS NOT YET ACQUIRED UNIVERSAL
ACCEPTANCE/ VALIDITY
YES= RA 11131= CRIMINOLOGY=IS A SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF CRIMES,
CRIMINALS AND VICTIMS.

9. Criminal ________ refers to the study of the relationship between criminality

and the inhabitants of a certain locality:
a. Ecology= CRIMES AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION (SPACE)
b) Demography
c) Epidiomology =CRIMES and ENVIRONMENT/ MILIEU
d) Physical anthropology =CRIMES AND PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES/
APPEARANCE
BUMPS OF THE HEAD, PECULAR FIRMATION OF SKULL= PHRENOLOGY
FACE= PHYSIOGNOMY
BODY BUILD= SOMATOLOGY
CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY= HUMAN BEHAVIOR= PERSONALITY
CRIMINAL PSYCHIATRY= HUMAN MIND
CRIMINAL VICTIMOLOGY= VICTIM’S ROLE

10. An act (COMMITED) or omission in violation of the public law commanding or

forbidding it.
a. Crime= GENERIC TERM b. Felony =RPC
c. Offense =SPL d.Infraction of law =CITY/ MUNIPAL
ORDINANCE

11. Jessa, a victim of rape, was able to identify her assailant, a neighbor, before
She dies on her way to the hospital where she was declared dead on arrival, This
crime is called, (RAPE WITH HOMICIDE)
a. complex crime
b. simple crime – ONE ACT, ONE CRIME
c) instant crime -SHORT TIME
d) situational crime – SITUATION IS CONDUCIVE

12. Ms. MA WEE is a skilled woman in making deception through verbal

communication. She had committed estafa to several persons through illegal
recruitment. What crime according to result did she committed?
a. acquisitive crime – PROFIT, ECONOMIC GAIN- ACQUIRE SOMETHING
b. extinctive crime-DESTRUCTIVE
c. instant crime
d. situational crime
13. Known as the “Mother of Criminals”.
a. Margaret Juke
b. Ada Kallikak
c. Ada Juke -DUGDALE-HEREDITY
d. Ada Edwards

14. One way of classifying criminals is on the basis of etiology. What kind of
criminal is that whose action arises from the intra-psychic conflict between the
social and anti-social components of his personality?
a. Acute =EMOTIONS-ANGER, JEALOUS
b. neurotic
c. Chronic – RATIONAL THINKERS, DELIBERATE
D. NORMAL-IDOLIZATION, IMMITATION

15. It is a disposition under which a defendant, after conviction and sentence, is

released subject to conditions imposed by the court and to the supervision of a
probation officer:

a) suspension of sentence
b) parole -BPP- SERVED MINIMUM SENTENCE-PART
c) probation -COURT-PREVILEGE- 6 YEARS BELOW-IST TIME OFFENDER =
SUBOK-LAYA
d) pardon -PRESIDENT ( EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY= AMNESTY,PARDONE,
COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE, REPRIEVE)

16. He said that individuals are like human calculators. Before a person commits a
crime, he first analyzes whether the satisfaction he would gain is greater than the
possible negative effect he would have to suffer if he gets caught doing the crime:
a. Cesare Beccaria (Classical) : FREEWILL, RETRIBUTION, DETERRENCE-
(SPECIFIC; DOER/ CRIMINAL GENERAL: FUTURE OFFENDER:))
b. Cesare Lombroso (Atavism)
c. Edwin Sutherland (DAT)
d. Jeremy Bentham- CLASSICAL THEORY
FELICIFIC CALCULATOR= IMAGINARY MATH FORMULA TO CALCULATE
PLEASURE AND PAIN.

17. These are crimes committed by a person of respectability and high social status
in the course of occupation.
a. Blue collar crimes = LOWER CLASS
b. crime of the upper world
c. White collar crimes =UPPER CLASS -COINED THE TERM WCC-
EDWIN SUTHERLAND= ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
d. crime of the underworld
18. The law that provides Board Examination for Criminologists in the Philippines.
a. R.A. 6975 -DILG ACT OF 1990- TRI-BUREAU: BFP, BJMP. PNP, PPSC,
PLEB)
b. R.A. 8551 - PNP REFORM ACT 1998
c. R.A. 6506
d. R.A. 8353 -RAPE LAW (1997)
VICTIM: BOTH ( RAPE THROUGH SEXUAL INTERCOURSE: RAPE THROUGH
SEXUAL ASSAULT)

19. The law that repealed RA 6506 and established the “Criminology Profession
Act of 2018”
a. RA 10175 CYBERCRIME
b. RA 11131
c. RA 10591 -F’A AND AMMUNITION
d. RA 10575 -BUCOR LAW

20. Who among the following are the “Holy Three in Criminology”?
a. Lombroso, Bentham, Beccaria
b. Lombroso, Garofalo, Ferri (GARO-FE-LO)-POSITICT SCHOOL OF
THOUGHT
c. Beccaria, Bentham, Ferri
d. Beccaria, Garofalo, Lombroso

21. This school of thought in criminology states that although individuals have self-
rule (FREEWILL), there are other factors that affect the exercise of their
autonomy, which cause them commit crimes:
a) neo-classical - MENTALLY RETARDED, CHILDREN- EXEMPTING,
MITIGATING
b) utilitarianism
c) classical
d) positivist -ABOLISHED THE CONCEPT OF FREEWILL

22. Who stated that crime is normal in a society?

a. Cesare Beccaria
b. Cesare Lombroso
c. Emile Durkheim -FATHER OF MODERN SOCIOLOGY
d. Enrico Ferri

23. The following are the characteristics of the Classical School of Criminology:
I. The basis of criminal liability is human free will and the purpose of penalty is
retribution -YES
II. Man is essentially a moral creature with an absolute free will to choose
between right and wrong. -YES
III. Criminals are distinguishable from non-criminals because of their physical
deviations. -NO- POSITIVIST- CRIMINAL
IV. That every man is therefore responsible for his act. -YES -FOCUS: CRIME
a. I, II, III are correct.
b. I, III, IV are correct.
c. II, III, IV are correct.
d. I, II, IV are correct.

24. What is a person who kills 3 or more in a separate event?

A. mass murder -X - LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN SINGLE OUTBURST

B. B. serial killer = COOL OFF STAGE

C. homicidal -X
D. spree killer= CONTINUOUS

25. A bank robber who kills some individual in the bank, flees with hostages, and
kills a number of people while in flight diving a chase would be an example of:
A. Serial Murder
B. Spree Murder
C. Mass Murder
D. Multiple Murder

26. These crimes are those that the lower class commit against the upper class
of society in a capitalist system (BOURGEOUSIE= OWNER VS.
PROLETARIAT=WORKING)
A. Crimes of Passion=EMOTION
B. Crimes of Accommodation and Resistance (LC vs UC)
C. Crimes of domination and Repression
D. Crimes of Lower class group

27. The term criminology was originally derived from Italian word:
a. Crimen -LATIN
b. criminologo -SPANISH
c. criminologia =RAFAELLE GAROFALO
d. criminologie = PAUL TOPINARD

28. It is the scientific study of crime and the effort of the society to prevent and
repressed them?
a. Crime-X
b. Criminology- CRIMEN- CRIME, LOGOS- TO STUDY
c. Victimology
d. Criminal justice= STUDY OF VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AGNECIES WHICH
DEALS WITH CRIME CONTROL.

29. Jessa, a victim of rape, was able to identify her assailant, a neighbor, before she
dies on her way to the hospital where she was declared dead on arrival, This crime
is called, (Rape with homicide)
a. complex crime
b. simple crime
c) instant crime
d) situational crime

30. Ms. Robin is a skilled woman in making deception through verbal

communication. She had committed estafa to several persons through illegal
recruitment. What crime according to result did she committed?
a. acquisitive crime
b. extinctive crime
c. instant crime
d. situational crime

31. It refers to the study of the role of the victim in the commission of a crime.
a. criminal victim b. criminal psychiatry
c. victimless crime d. victimology

FORGOTTEN CHARACTER OR PERSON OR CJS=VICTIM

FORGOTTEN VICTIM= FEMALE
SUPERSTAR OF CJS= CRIMINAL
FORGOTTEN OFFENDER= CICL

32. What crimes according to the time or period of the commission are those
which are committed only when the circumstances or situation is conducive to its
commission like for instance, committing theft in a crowded place.
a. seasonal crimes =CERTAIN PART OF THE YEAR
b. instant crimes
c. situational crimes
d. continuing crimes

33. There are crimes that are committed within a certain length of time. What
crime is committed by a series of acts in a lengthy space of time?
a. static crime =ONE PLACE
b. instant crime= TIME=SHORT PERIOD
c. situational crime
d. episodial crime

34. Crimes such as theft, shoplifting, and others which are committed to maintain
one’s livelihood or as a means for living are what crimes?
a. Rational crimes -SANE
b. Irrational crimes- INSANE , MENTALLY RETARDED
c. Blue-collar crimes
d. White collar crimes

35. The killing of a large number of people over time (COOL OFF STAGE) by an
offender who seeks to escape detection.
a. road rage -ASSAULT FROM 2 MOTORIST
b. hate crime- BIAS CRIME SELECTIVE VICTIMIZATION(LGBT, RACE, ETHNIC
GROUP RELIGION)
c. mass murder
d. serial murder

36. Group of urban sociologists who studies the relationship between

environmental conditions and crime.
a. classical school
b. chicago school= CLIFFORD CHAW AND HENRY MCKAY
c. neo-classical school
d. positive school

37. He is recognized as the first codifier of laws:

a. Drakon-GREECE-ALL CRIME ARE PUNISHABLE BY DEATH-ULTIMATE
SEVERITY
b. the Hittites= MORALITY-SEXUAL CRIMES-DEATH PENALTY
c. Solon -REPEALED CODE DRAKO
d. Hammurabi -TIT FOR TAT. AN EYE FOR AN EYE A TOOTH FOR A TOOTH,
LAW OF TALION ( RETRIBUTION, RETALIATION)-BABYLON

38. Who stated that crime is normal in a society?

a. Cesare Beccaria b. Cesare Lombroso
c. Emile Durkheim d. Enrico Ferri

39. This theory contested the findings of Beccaria’s Free Will Study, stating that
its absence among mentally retardate persons or those with some
psychological imbalances and personality disorders or physical disabilities,
could likewise lead to violation of laws thereby citing said theory as one of crime
causation.

a. Classical Criminology
b. b. Positivist Criminology
c. Neoclassical Criminology
d. Social Structure Theory

40. The principle of criminal law which is “nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege”
means:
a. An act done by me against my will is not my act( ACTUS ME INVITO NON EST
MEUS ACTUS)
b. There is no crime where no law punishing it.
c. Ignorance of the law excuses no one. (IGNORANTIA LEX NON EXCUSAT)
d. Mistake of fact is an excuse. (IGNORANTIA FACTI EXCUSAT)

41. This new branch in criminology opposes the theoretical perspective and
proposes the involvement of all stakeholders in the use of non-violent solutions
A. Peacemaking Criminology
B. Sociology of Law
C. Restorative Justice
D. Non Violent Criminological Hypothesis
42. Criminals can also be classified according to this behavioral system. What are
those criminals who have high degree of organization that enables them to
commit crime without being detected and usually operates in a large scale?
a. ordinary criminals -DON’T POSSESS HIGH END SKILLS
b. professional criminals -HIGHLY SKILLED PLUS SOURCE OF INCOME
c. situational criminals
d. organized criminals

43. Murder cases numbered 180 in 2010 and 220 in 2011. What was the percent
increase?
a. + 22.2% b. + 20.2%
c. + 22.0% d. + 20.1%

VARIANCE
FROMULA: CURENT DATA- PREVIOUS DATA DIVIDED BY PREVIOUS DATA
TIMES 100
=220-180/180X100
=.222222X100
=22.222222
=22.2

44. Refers to the pleasure principle that the main purpose of the life is to maximize
pleasure while minimizing the pain.
a. Hedonism = SEEKS PLEASURE AND AVOID PAIN
b. Hedonist -PERSON
c. Utilitarianism = THE GREATEST GOOD FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF
PEOPLE
d. Felicific CALCULUS=
ADDITION: PENAL PHARMACY= THE PLEASURE MUST BE COMMENSURATE
WITH THE PAIN=BALANCE
PANOPTICON PRISON- CYLINDRICAL PRISON- PAN= ALL. OPTICON MEANS
TO SEE AND OBSERVE
PERSONALITY= JEREMY BENTHAM(PHUFP)

45. It refers to any person who is a graduate of BS Criminology, has passed the
Criminologist Licensure Examination and registered in the Professional Regulation
Commission.
a. Criminalist - trained person in the application of sciences, instruments and
methods in the detection of crime
b. Police Officer
c. Criminologist
d. Special Investigator

46. What crime is committed when a person does not know the nature and quality
of his act on account of the disease of his mind?
a. Extinctive
 b. Irrational
c. Acquisitive
d. Rational

47. According to Karl Marx, the emergence of capitalist produces inequality in

which the proletariat are exploited by the bourgeoisie. The word bourgeoisie
means?
a. Capital
b. Worker = proletariat
c. Slave
d. Capitalist

47. A statement which says we have no crime if we have no criminal law.

a. Ignorantia legis
b. Dura lex sed lex
c. Logomacy
d. None of the foregoing

48.According to the type of offenders, crimes may be duly classified. If a

pharmacist has adulterated the production of certain drugs not within the standards
set by BFAD, what crime did he commit?
a. Professional crime
b. White collar crime
c. Blue collar crime
d. Rational crime

49. A statement which says we have no crime if we have no criminal law.

a. Ignorantia legis
b. Dura lex sed lex
c. Logomacy
d. None of the foregoing

50. What is the effect of Republic Act 11131?

a. It partially amended Republic Act 6506
b. It overhauled Republic Act 6506
c. It amended Republic Act 6506
d. It repealed Republic Act 6506

THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION

1. It is the study of formation of the skull in relation to the behavior of the criminal.
a. entomology -INSECTS
b. penology-POENA=PAIN AND SUFFERING, POENALIS- PUNISHMENT
c. phrenology , CRANIOSCOPY, CRANIOLOGY-FRANZ JOSEPH GALL
d. criminology
2. The science of classifying the physical characteristics.
a. free will b. positivism-REJECTED FREE WILL
c. atavism -INCOMPLETE EVOLUTION=LOMBROSO d. somatology
3. His key ideas are concentrated on the principle of “Survival of the Fittest” as a
behavioral science. He advocated the “Somatotyping Theory”.
A. W Sheldon
B. R Merton=STRAIN THEORY
C. E Sutherland-DAT
D. Ivan Nye
SOMATOTYPING THEORY
FAT-ENDOMORPH-FRAUD, ESTAFA
THIN-ECTOMORPH-THEFT/ROBBERY
MUSCULAR-MESOMORPH-VIOLENCE-HIGHEST CHANCE TO COMMIT CRIME

4. The theory in which reformation is based upon, on the ground that the criminal
is a sick person.
a. Positivist Theory( HOLY THREE-GARO-FE-LO)
b. Classical Theory(BECCARIA, BENTHAM
c. Neo Classical School(GABRIEL TARDE)
d. Sociological Theory

5. The purpose of penalty in the positivism school of criminology.

a. retribution -CLASSICAL b. rejection
c. reformation d. restoration
6. He founded Sociology and applied scientific methods in the study of society,
which to him passes through stages divided on the basis of how people try to
understand it, leading them to adopt a rational scientific understanding of the
world. Comte called this the positive stage and those who followed his writings
were called,
a. August Comte b. Positivists
c. Positivism d. Sociologists

7. It is the study of formation of the skull in relation to the behavior of the criminal.
a. entomology b. penology
c. phrenology d. criminology

8. Science concerned with improving the quality of offspring.

a. criminology
b. eugenics
c. genetics -STUDY OF GENES AND CHROMOSOMES
d. heredity- TRANSMISSION OF TRAITS FROM THE PARENTS TO THE
OFFSPRING

9. In the power control theory by Hagan, which father and mother share similar
roles in the workplace and power in the family
A. Feminist theory-X
B. Egalitarian family
C. Patriarchal family =FATHER LEADS THE FAMILY
D. Matriarchal =MOTHER LEADS THE FAMILY

10. These views suggest that males such as judges, police officers, and
prosecutors tend to have traditional views on women thus, they are more
lenient to them as compared to their male counterparts.
A. Paternalism
B. Chivalry Hypothesis =MALE IS COMPASSIONATE, KIND,
UNDERSTANDING ETC. TO THE FEMALE
C. Masculinity doctrine – MALE CRIME RATE IS GREATER THAN FEMALE
CRIME RATE
D. Power Control Theory
11. It refers to a study showing the relationship between the physical built of
a person to his personality structure and the type of offense he is most prone
to commit.
a. physiognomy =FACE- ASSYMETRICAL
b) somatotype
c. phrenology-SKULL
d) psychology-BEHAVIOR
12. It is a proposal of a double male or super male syndrome. This theory held
that the possession of an extra Y-chromosome causes males to be violent and
aggressive.
a. XYY syndrome
b XXY syndrome
c. YYX syndrome
d. YXX syndrome
CHROMOSOMES-46-NORMAL PERSON
MOTHER-EGG CELL=23
FATHER-SPERM= 23

13. In this theory of crime causation, mankind is viewed as manifestations of

basically evil human nature reflecting either with the prince of darkness or an
expression of divine wrath.
a. Classical theory
b. positivist theory
c. Demonological theory -PRE-CLASSICAL THEORY-JUDEO-CHRISTIAN
d. neo-classical theory
14. According to Sheldon, the three “somatotypes” or body built which have
relationships to personality characteristics are the following, EXCEPT:
a. Ectomorph
b. Extomorph
c. Endomorph
d. Mesomorph
15. He introduced the “theory of imitation” which states that individuals copy
behavior patterns of other individuals, and that those with weaker personalities tend
to get influenced easier by those with stronger personalities:
a. Emile Durkheim b) Adolphe Quetelet
c) Gabriel Tarde d) Enrico Ferri

16. This theory argues that intelligence is largely determined genetically; that
ancestry determines IQ; and, that low intelligence as demonstrated by low IQ is
linked to behavior including criminal behavior:
a. Nature Theory b) Psychological theory
c) Strain Theory d) Labeling theory

17. The theory which states that attachment, connection and link to society will
determine whether a person shall commit a crime or not:
a. social control (CONTAINMENT THEORY, SOCIAL BOND)
b) social disorganization
c) social bond -BIAC (BELIEF, INVOLVEMENT, ATTACHMENT, COMMITMENT)
d) social learning (DAT, DRT, NEUTRALIZATION/ DRIFT THEORY)
18. This asserts that strong self-image (INNER CONTROL) protects the youth from
the influence and pressure of criminogenic pulls (OUTER CONTROL)in his
environment.
A. Rational Choice theory -CLASSICAL
B. Conflict theory
C. Label theory -SOCIAL REACTION
D. Containment theory
19. A condition in which the glucose in the blood falls below levels necessary for
normal and efficient brain functioning.
a. hyperglycemia
b. b. hyperglycomia
c. hypoglycemia
d. Hypoglycomia
20. He propounded the theory of evolution= CHARLES DARWIN that inspired the
now known “Father of Modern Criminology” to develop the theory of atavism.
a. Cesare Lombroso
b. Charles Goring=CRIMINALS ARE PRHIBITED TO HAVE
CHILDREN=STRELIZATION OF CRIMINAL
c. Cesare Beccaria
d. Charles Darwin
21. This theory reflects the way people react to a given situation based on the
social influences they acquired from other people that practically determine their
behaviors. This theory likewise serves as the learning process of delinquent
behaviors and considered as one of the most important theory in crime causation.
a) Social Disorganization theory
b) Culture Conflict theory =CONFLICT B ETWEEN UPPER AND LOWER
CLASS
c) Differential Association Theory =CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR IS LEARNED
NOT INHERITED
ADAPTATION, LEARNING, INFLUENCE, SOCIALIZATION, INTERACTION,
COMMUNICATION
d) Social Reaction Theory =LABELING THEORY
 22. It states that individuals are deviant mainly because they have been labeled as
deviant by social agencies and others. The notion of deviance is not inherent in
the act itself, but rather in the reaction and stigma attached to the actor.
a. Containment Theory
b. Theory of Imitation
c. Social Process
d. Social Reaction theory=LABEL, TAGGING, STIGMA

23. It is the breakdown of social order as a result of the loss of order in a

society.
a. synomie
b) anarchy -GREEK-ANARCHIA-LACK OF RULER
c) anomie -DURKHEIM

B-REAKDOWN OF SOCIAL NORMS

A- ABSENCE OF SOCIAL NORMS
N-NORMLESSNESS

d) chaos

24. A condition in which the glucose in the blood falls below levels necessary for
normal and efficient brain functioning.
a. hyperglycemia
b. hyperglycomia
c. hypoglycemia
d. hypoglycomia

25. He propounded the theory of evolution that inspired the now known “Father of
Modern Criminology” to develop the theory of atavism.
a. Cesare Lombroso
b. Charles Goring
c. Cesare Beccaria
d. Charles Darwin
26. This is a theory by Robert Merton which assumes that people are law abiding
but under great pressure, they will resort to crime.
a. strain theory
FRUSTRATION
RESENTMENT
ANGER
PRESSURE
STRESS
b. social learning -X
c. cultural deviance
d. anomie -X

27. he first IQ test was developed by a French psychologist named:

A. Rafael Garofalo -MORAL ANOMALIES- PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
B. Albert Bandura -SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES
c. Walter Reckless -CONTAINMENT THEORY
d. Alfred Binet(BINETIQ)

28. His study focused on the Kallikak family tree and he concluded that
feeblemindedness is inherited and related to deviant behavior and poverty. He was
the first person to use the term “moron”.
a. Richard Dugdale -DUGJUKE-DESCENDANTS
b. b. Henry Goddard=KALLIDARD MARTIN KALIKAK-SOLDIER
c. Ernest Hooton -CRIMINALS ARE INFERIOR
d. Charles Goring

29. This theory focuses on the development of high crime areas associated with the
disintegration of conventional values caused by rapid industrialization, increased
migration and urbanization.
a. Cultural Deviance Theory
b. Differential Association Theory
c. Social Disorganization Theory
d. Strain Theory

30. According to him, people with criminal behavior, should be prohibited from
having children.
a. Robert Dugdale
b. Henry Goddard
 c. Charles Goring
d. George Wilker

31. Science concerned with improving the quality of offspring. (Francis Galton)
a. criminology
b. eugenics
c. genetics
d.heredity

32. It refers to a study showing the relationship between the physical built of a
person to his personality structure and the type of offense he is most prone to
commit
a. physiognomy
b) somatotype
c. phrenology
d) psychology

33. An attempt to determine intelligence and personality on the basis of the size and
shape of the skull.
a. Physiognomy
b. palmistry
c. Craniology
d. Somatotype

34. According to Sheldon, the three “somatotypes” or body built which have
relationships to personality characteristics are the following, EXCEPT:
a. Ectomorph
b. Extomorph
c. Endomorph
d. Mesomorph

35. Who stated that crime is normal in a society?

a. Cesare Beccaria
b. Cesare Lombroso
c. Emile Durkheim
d. Enrico Ferri
36. Select an internal force = COVERT of the psychoanalytic theory which states
that all psychoanalytic positions form the psychodynamic approach that views
humans as biologically driven to get what they want when they want it unless they
are held in check by internal and external forces.
a. Behavior =OVERT
b. Conscience
c. Personality
d. Heredity

37. The Differential Association Theory provides a good illustration of a social

learning approach perspective in criminology. Criminal behavior according to
this theory is
a. A result of an emotional disturbance
b. an inmate quality of goodness or badness
c. learned and not inherited
d. an excess of wisdom

38. This theory argues that intelligence is largely determined genetically; that
ancestry determines IQ; and, that low intelligence as demonstrated by low IQ is
linked to behavior including criminal behavior:
a. Nature Theory -INNATE
b. Psychological theory
c. Strain Theory
d. Labeling theory

39. According to Freud it is the ability to learn about the consequences of one’s
action through experience.
a. Reality principle
b. Pain principle
c. Pleasure principle
d. All of the foregoing

40. One sunny afternoon, Mark announced to his friends that he is the wealthiest
person who lived in their area, always displays his properties in vulnerability
to the would-be perpetrators. Mark so confident that no one would ever touch
him since he has a high confidence towards the law enforcers, but he didn’t
know he was already observed by the perpetrators and followed his schedule
 closely. Mario was killed and robbed by showing his susceptibility of his daily
life practice. Which theory fit this scene?
a. Functionalist theory

b. Drift theory
c. Routine Activity Theory
d. Social Control Theory

41. Refers to the conscience of man.

a. Ego -REALITY PRINCIPLE=GATEWAY OF ACTION
b. Super ego -MORALITY PRINCIPLE
c. Id -PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
d. Spirit

PROPONENT= SIGMUND FREUD

42. Classical school on doctrine on crime was maintained by the neo-classical

school but place an opposing theory of matters of punishment especially upon
children. What theory of punishment did neo-classical introduce?
A. Exempted from criminal liability
B. Exempted from arrest
C. Exempted from punishment
D. Exempted from civil liability

43. Patrolman huki was born from a criminal family and he was always looking
for a pleasure in life but do not take any want risk and avoids pain. Patrolman
huki is a great representation of a ____
a. rational calculator
b. hedonist
c. atavistic
d. criminaloid – LESS PHYSICAL CONTROL
44. It is a theory that asserts that there are situations that victims initiate actions
leading to their harm or death.
a. Routine Activity Theory
b. Victim Precipitation Theory
c. Theory of Evolution
d. Peer Group Theory

45. The primary advocate of the Positivist School in Criminology.

A. Cesare Beccaria B. Cesare Lombroso
C. Henry Goddard D. Auguste Comte
46. This idea believes that becoming criminal is a discovering occurrence in which
potential felons master techniques that enables them to counterbalance
conventional values and drift back and forth between illegitimate and
conventional behavior.
a. differential reinforcement theory
b. neutralization theory = DRIFT THEORY
c. containment theory
d. differential association theory

47. theories of criminology believe that society influences a person to become a

criminal.
a. Sociological
b. Learning
c. Conflict
d. Criminology

48. The following are concepts of theory except one:

a.Theory is used to enhance the growth of the professional area
b. Theory reimbursed the funding and support
c.Theory provides concepts to name what we observe and to explain relationships
between concepts.
d.Theory helps us understand what we don’t know

49. This refers to the capitalists which are the owners of means of production.
a.royals
b.bourgeoisie
c.lumpenproletariat
d.proletariat

50. Any system of ideas arranged in rational order that produce general principles
which increase our understanding and explanations.
a.Doctrine
b.Thesis
c.Hypothesis
d.Theory
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

1. PO2 Jacob Tapolino is often seen with gambling lords and

drunkards in his community. What he is doing affects the ______ of the
police organization.
a. Power
b. Authority
c. Image
d. Function

2. The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the

police organization.
a. Loyalty=KATAPATAN
b. Valor =HIGHES FORM OF BRAVERY
c. Patriotism =LOVE FOR THE COUNTRY
d. Camaraderie

3. What is the Reason why a police officer must always wear his
uniform securely buttoned?
a. Loose Clothing Is Shabby
b. A Complete Uniform Gets Women’s Attention
c. For better performance
d. A Neat Appearance Will Command Respect

4. The 1987 Philippine Constitution mandated the creation of the

Philippine National Police, What provision of the fundamental law
prescribed that it would assume an identity to CIVILIAN in CHARACTER
and NATIONAL in SCOPE?
a. Article VI, Section XVI
b. Article XVI, Section VI
c. Article 3, Section 16
d. Article 16, Section 3

5. It is the Code of Ethics for Government Officials and Employees in

the Philippines.
a. R.A no. 6713-COPCES (CODE OF CONDUCT AND THICAL
STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES
b. B. R.A no. 3019
c. C. Act no. 255 = IC-PC
d. D. NOTA

6. The failure to perform an act in which one is obliged or permitted

to do either by law or directive due to omission or failure to recognized the
obligation.
a. Malfeasance=MISCONDUCT
b. Misfeasance=IRREGULARITIES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF
DUTY
c. Non-Feasance =NEGLECT OF DUTY
d. None of these

7. A police officer is forbidden to engage in idle conversation while

on duty. Specifically, this prohibition refers to__________.
a. Gossip and idle talk
b. Communication outside organization
c. Vexing of humiliating other
d. All of the foregoing

8. The usual greeting rendered by uniform service upon meeting and

recognizing person entitled to do it. The most common form of courtesy in
the PNP and Military?
a. Bow
b. Shake-hands
c. Salute
d. Greetings

9. The basic weapon of a police officer is?

a. Gun
b. Uniform
c. Whistle
d. Knowledge of law

10. The best measure for the competence of police officer is ______.
a. High morale of his men
b. Good command of words
c. Ability of his men to prepare reports.
d. High level of education among his men

11. Police immorality is exampled by-------

a. Living with a woman not his wife
b. Smoking while patrolling
c. Being late from work
d. All of these

12. All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public
servants and not the master of the people and towards this end, they
should perform their duties without arrogance.
a. Integrity
b. Delicadeza
c. Humility
d. None of these

13. They are police officers who engage in relatively minor type of
corruption opportunities as they present themselves.
a. Meat eaters-actively engage in Major corruption
b. Grass eaters
c. C Straight-Shooter -honest police officers
d. D. None of these

14. Upright in character, polite in manners, dignified in

appearance, and sincere in their concern to their fellowmen.
a. Gentlemanliness
b. Duty
c. Word of honor
d. Orderliness-ABILITY TO FOLLOW PROCEDURE

15. The best PCR a police officer can do to the community is

a. harass the people
b. B. perform his job well
c. C. dress well
d. D. always present in the office

16. An established and generally accepted moral values refer to

a. integrity =ABILITY TO STAY AWAY FROM CORRUPTION
b. morality =QUALITY OF BEING GOOD OR BAD
c. ethical standard
d. authority =POWER TO COMMAND SUBORDINATES

17. These are forbidden acts involving misuse of office or authority for
personal gain.
a. corruption
b. immorality
c. deviance
d. brutality

18. It is the unreasonable, unnecessary and excessive use of force in

the conduct of police operations which does not support a legitimate
police function.
a. cruelty =ANYTHING THAT CAN BE SAID OR DONE THAT
DEGRADES, DEBASES OR DEMEANS INHERENT WORTH OR
DIGNITY
b. torture =PAGPAPAHIRAP
c. police brutality
d. battery

19. An example of police immorality is _____:

a. going to the office not in uniform
b. living with a woman not his wife
c. smoking while patrolling
d. always absent from his post

20. Considered as the highest form of love in the PNP hierarchy of

police values.
a. love of women
b. love of God
c. selfless love of people
d. love of power
PNP CORE VALUES
MAKADIYOS
MAKATAO
MAKABAYAN
MAKAKAKALIKASAN

21. The _____ character of the police requires adherence to the rule
on merit and fitness system.
a. civilian
b. social
c. authoritarian
d. democratic

22. Giving unfair breaks to friends and relatives.

a. deviance
b. misconduct
c. nepotism -CRONYISM
d. corruption

23. PNP members are expected to by the public not to seek political
influence nor get “padrino” on matters pertaining to assignment, award,
training and promotion. This means that all PNP members are
discouraged to resort to:
a. political patronage
b. influence peddling
c. partisan politics
d. political corruption

24. The legislative act which provides for the rights of the person
arrested, detained or under custodial investigation.
a. R.A. 3019
b. R.A. 7610 =ANTI-CHILD ABUSE
c. R.A. 7438
d. R.A. 9165

25. Insp. Garcia’s word is his bond, he stands by it and commit to

uphold it. Inspector Garcia therefore has:
a. delicadeza =ABILITY TO SACRIFICE ONES SELF
b. word of honor
c. camaraderie =TEAM WORK AND COOPERATION
d. honor code =HIGHEST CODE IN MILITARY AND POLICE

26. Reason why a police officer must always wear his uniform securely
buttoned.
a. loose clothing is shabby
b. complete uniform gets women’s attention
c. it is a minor offense
d. a neat appearance will command respect
27. PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all times in
keeping with the rules and regulations of the organization. This
commitment to police professional conduct is simply known as
_________:
a. discipline
b. devotion to duty
c. delicadeza
d. dedication to work

28. A manifestation of love of country with a pledge of allegiance to

the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution.
a. nationalism
b. heroism
c. patriotism
d. valor

29. It is the ability to last.

a. endurance
b. patience =ABILITY TO CALM
c. perseverance =ABILITY TO GO ON DESPITE OBSTACLES
d. fortitude =FIRMNESS OF MIND

30. It means courage to endure without yielding.

a. prudence =ABILITY TO MAKE SOUND JUDGEMENT
b. fortitude
c. temperance =ABILITY TO CONTROL SEXUAL APPETITE/
TEMPTATIONS
d. justice =GIVING WHAT IS DUE

31. What Executive Order provides for the institutionalization of the

Doctrine of Command Responsibility in all law enforcement agencies
particularly in the PNP?
a. E.O. 266
b. E.O. 226
c. E.O. 227
d. E.O. 236

32. The police officers use of offensive and obscene languages is

known as police _______.
a. brutality
b. profanity
c. perjury
d. gratuity

33. It is the ability to be calm in enduring situations.

a. patience
b. perseverance
c. endurance
d. prudence

34. Imports the act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution,

domination or excessive use of authority.
a. dishonesty
b. disloyalty
c. incompetency
d. d. oppression

35. Otherwise known as the “Code of Ethics of Public Officials or

Employees”.
a. R.A. 3019
b. R.A. 7080
c. R.A. 6713
d. R.A. 7438 .

36. Under this ethical standard, the PNP member shall take legitimate
means to achieve goals despite of internal of external and internal
difficulties.
a. integrity
b. orderliness
c. humility
d. perseverance

37. All PNP members must have the moral courage to sacrifice self-
interest in keeping with the time-honored principle of ____.
a. Delicadeza
b. Amor propio
c. Pride
d. Pakikisama

38. What is the complete title of the PNP Code of Conduct?

a. PNP Code of Ethical Standards and Professional Conduct
b. PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards
(COPCES)
c. PNP Code of Conduct and Standards
d. PNP Ethical Standards

39. PO1 Juan Alba governs and disciplines himself by means of

reason and sound judgment. What virtue does he practice?
a. endurance
b. prudence
c. courtesy -RESPECT
d. patriotism

40. It is an omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an

act or duty which is the police officer’s legal obligation to perform.
a. nonfeasance
b. misfeasance
c. malfeasance
d. corruption
41. No PNP member shall engage in any activity which shall be in
conflict with their duties as public servant.
a. malingering
b. moonlighting
c. loyalty to the service
d. delicadeza

42. What is the primary purpose of a public relation program?

a. a. to develop mutual understanding between the police and public;
b. b. To plan for a community relation program;
c. To recruit new members for community relations;
d. To train police officers in community relations.

43. The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in

the police organization.
a. loyalty
b. patriotism
c. camaraderie
d. valor

44. The authority to make decisions without reference to the specific

rules or facts, using instead one’s own judgment.
a. Discretion
b. Negotiation
c. prudence
d. conviction

45. What is the most important supervisory principle in order to

improve the morale of staff?
a. Be fair and just
b. Be strict on attendance X
c. Be kind and respectful
d. Be forgiving X

46. To develop public good will, a policeman on duty must do the

following, EXCEPT:
a. be selective of people to serve
b. be courteous and fair
c. be quick to assist individuals in their problem
d. perform job with dedication and efficiency

47. It is a habit which inclines a man to act in a way that harmonizes

with his nature. – habit of doing good.
a. ethics
b. virtue – VICE=HABIT OF DOING BAD
c. right
d. conscience

48. A part of the PNP’s ceremony where the flag is raised in the
middle of the pole in difference to deceased member of the command or
 unit.
a. flag raising -MONDAY
b. half-mast
c. flag retreat -FRIDAY
d. funeral service

49. These are material favor or gifts in return for service.

a. a. bribe
b. kickback
c. gratuity
d. extortion

50. The act of extending hospitality to visiting personnel who pays

respect to the command or unit.
a. courtesy
b. exit call
c. courtesy of the post
d. turn over ceremony

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

1. Refers to any person below 18 years of age or those over but unable to fully take
care of themselves from neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination due to
some physical defect or mental disability or condition.
a. child b. wards
c. physically disabled d. youth

2. Act or omission which may not be punishable if committed by an adult, but

becomes unlawful when they are committed by a child or a person of tender year or
one who is in need of supervision or assistance.
a. crime
b. status offense ;TRUANCY
c. delinquency
d. felonies X

3. The power of the state to give any form of charity of public nature. It is the
philosophy behind the view that youthful offender/child in conflict with the law is the
victim of improper care and that the state is duty bound to provide protection.
a. positivism X
b. loco parentis -TEMPORARY GUARDIAN= TEACHER, BABYSITTER,
NURSE
c. patria potestas -PARENTAL AUTHORITY
 d. parens patriae

4. Under the law, they are the one responsible for preventing the child from
becoming addicted to intoxicating drinks, narcotic drugs, smoking, gambling or any
harmful practices.
a. DSWD b. Parents
c. state d. police

5. The civil personality of the child is deemed to have been commenced upon:
a. birth of the child
b. when the child celebrates his first birthday
c. from the time of his conception =PREGNANCY
D. upon reaching the age of majority
6. Under the RA 9344 a child over 15 under 18 is exempt from criminal liability
unless: a. he is committed a henious crime
b. he is the principal accused
c. he acted without discernment
d. he acted with discernment

15 BELOW=AUTOMATIC EXEMPTED

7. The Child in Conflict with the law cannot be prosecuted for the commission of the
following, EXCEPT:
a. mendicancy
b. sniffing of rugby
c. prostitution
d. theft
8. A person of such age is automatically exempted from criminal liability but
should be taken to the custody and care of his parents, DSWD representative or any
institution engage in child caring.
a. 15 years and below- criminal irresponsibility
b. under 18 years of age
c. under 15 years of age
d. under 21 years of age
9. Refers to a child raise to the status of legitimate child by subsequent marriage of
his/her parents.
a. illegitimate -CHILD-NOT YET MARRIED
b. legitimated
c. legitimate -MARRIAGE-CHILD
d. adopted
CHILD-PARENTS ARE UNKNOWN-FOUNDLING

10. In case of separation between parents of the child, a child of such age is given
by the court the preference to choose between either parent.
a. under 9 years of age
b. 7 years of age =PSYCHOLOGICAL PARENTAL DOCTRINE
c. 10 years of age d. 5 years of age

11. Parental authority is deemed terminated upon:

a. death of the parents
b. emancipation of the child =18 YRS OLD
c. death of the child
d. All of the choices

12. Which of the following is the best way for the police to win youth’s trust and
confidence?
a. be friendly
b. be firm and show them that you are strong
c. show to them that your bearing is good and stand with pride
d. let them know that you are an agent of a person in authority

13. A child born inside a marriage where either party is suffering from an
impediment.
a. illegitimate child b. legitimated child
c. legitimate child d. adopted child

14. This refers to the apprehension or taking into custody of a child who committed
an offense by the law enforcement officer:
 a. initial contact with the child
b. preliminary investigation
c. initial investigation
d. inquest proceedings

15. Who among the following is considered as “Child in Conflict with the Law”?
a. Boji who is 15 years old.
b. Kurama who is 10 years old.
c. Jolly who is 17 years old
d. anyone of them

16Refers to the totality of the circumstances which are most beneficial for the child.
a. child as zone of peace
b. nation building
c. best interest of the child
d. presumption of minority

17. This common procedure applied when arresting an offender shall NOT be
employed when the person who is the subject of apprehension is a child.
a. informing the suspect is a child
b. stating the reason for the arrest
c. employing reasonable force
d. use of handcuffs

18. In case of a child in conflict with the law his age shall be determine. In the
absence of proof what principle shall be observed?
a. He is presumed to be minor
b. He should prove his age
c. The Birth certificate should be produced pending such issuance he should be
hold.
d. The testimony of the child should be enough to prove his age.

19. Ms. RCBC, a 25-year old mongoloid, was raped by her addict neighbor, Mr. Go.
How do you classify her as a victim?
a. an adult b. an insane
c. a child d. an adolescent
20. Once the court, after trial finds that a child in conflict with the law is guilty of
the crime charged, the court shall:
a. Pronounce its judgment;
b. Wait for the application for suspension of sentence of the child and
order his turn over to DSWD.
c. Automatically place the child in conflict with law under suspension of
sentence.
D. Determine the civil liability and order the final discharge of the child in
conflict with the law.

21. Once the child in conflict with the law reached the age of 18 while under
suspended sentence the court may:
A. Order the execution of sentence;
B. Order the discharge of the child in conflict with the law;
C. Extend the suspended sentence at certain period or to its maximum age of
21.
D. D. Any of the above choices

22. Children are declared as ____________ in situations of armed conflict:

a. priorities for evacuation
b. exemptions
c. zones of peace
d. shields

23. This refers to pledging by the debtor of his or her personal services or those of a
person under his or her control as security or payment for a debt, when the length
and nature of services are not clearly defined:
a. debt bondage
b. involuntary servitude
c. abuse
d. slavery

24. A working child below fifteen years old may be allowed to work for only
_______ hours per day:
a. eight
b. four
c. five
d. six

25. The “Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004”:
a. R.A. 9262 =FEMALE-CHILDREN-RELATIONSHIP
b. R.A. 7610
c.R.A. 9208
d. R.A. 9344
26. The following person are liable for child prostitution, EXCEPT:
a. those who act as procurer of child prostitute
b. children recruited as prostitutes
c. managers or owners of the establishment where the prostitution takes place
d. clients of child prostitute

27. A working child over fifteen but under eighteen may work but his work hours
must not exceed ____ hours:
a) eight b) seven
c) ten d) six

28. A working child who is below eighteen but over fifteen years old may be allowed
to work between the hours of:
a) six to eight o’clock pm =BELOW 18
b) seven to eight o’clock p
c) six to ten o’clock pm
d) seven to ten o’clock pm
29. Before any petition for adoption may be approved, the adopter and the adoptee
must first undergo a supervised trial custody for a period of:
a) at least six months
b) not more than six months
c) at least one year
d) not less than one year
30. This refers to the document issued by the court signifying the approval of the
application for adoption:
a) decree of adoption
b) petition for adoption
c) annulment
d) rescission -taking back
of the child

31. This is the legal age in the Philippines:

a) twenty-one b) seventeen
c) eighteen (RA 6809) d) twelve
PD 603= 21 YRS

32. A child who has been voluntarily or involuntarily committed to the DSWD or to a
duly licensed child placement agency and is free from parental authority:
a) child legally available for adoption
b) legally-free child
c) emancipated child
d) abandoned child
33. Emancipation takes place when:
a) the parents decide to emancipate him or her
b) the child becomes 18 years old
c) the child is already married
d) the child applies for it

34. The CICL shall be entitled to the automatic suspension of sentence until the
maximum age of __:
a) twenty-three
b) eighteen
c) twenty-one
d) twenty

35. In case the child has been found guilty by the court, he shall be ordered to be
transferred to _______:
 a) a youth rehabilitation center -BAHAY-PAG ASA
b) a youth detention home -ON GOING TRIAL
c) a city or municipal jail
d) an agricultural camp -INCORRIGIBLE

36. Preliminary investigation shall only be conducted when the:

a) CICL is over fifteen but under eighteen
b) CICL is disqualified for diversion
c) CICL acted with discernment
d) victim filed the complaint
fifteen but under eighteen WITHOUT DISCERNMENT= INTERVENTION
fifteen but under eighteen WITH DISCERNMENT=DIVERSION=45 DAYS

37. If the offender is over nine years of age but under 18 years of age at the time of
the commission of the crime, he is often referred to as?
A. Socialized delinquent
B. Truant
C. Criminal
D. Youth offender
38. The age of full criminal responsibility is:
a. Less than 18 but more than 70 years old
b. More than 18 but less than 70 years old
c. Over 15 but under 18 years old
d. Not less than 18 but not more than 70
years old

39. This is the highest group of mentally retarded, with I.Q.s from about 75 to about
89. The members of this classification are only slightly retarded and they can usually
get by in regular classes if they receive some extra help, guidance and
consideration.
A. Trainable group =25-49=IMBECILE
B. Custodial group BELOW 25=IDIOT
C. Educable group =50-74-MORON
D. Borderline or low normal group
40. It is the application of the criminal justice to minors and youthful offender through
the cooperation of the criminal justice system.
A. Child Justice System
B. Youth Justice System
C. Minor Justice System
D. Juvenile Justice System

41. High moral principles should be instilled in the child by the following, EXCEPT.
A. Government
B. School
C. Home
D. Church

42. It pertains to the document that must be signed by the parents of the child in
conflict with the law as part of the conditions of diversion:
a) contract of diversion proceedings
b) certification of conciliation
c) memorandum of agreement
d) contract of diversion -must be completed w/in 45
days
6 YEARS BELOW=POLICE, BRGY, DSWD
ABOVE 6 YEARS= COURT
43. It is the best evidence to prove the age of the child in conflict with the law:
a) testimony of the parents of the child
b) testimony of the child
c) certificate of birth
d) school records

44. It is the holding in abeyance of the service of the sentence imposed by the court
upon a finding of guilt of the child in conflict with the law, whereby the child
undergoes rehabilitation within a fixed period under such terms and conditions as
may be ordered by the court:
a) probation
b) suspension of sentence
c) parole
d) pardon
45. The diversion proceedings must be completed within ____ days:
a) thirty b) forty-five
c) sixty d) twenty

46. If the court finds that the child in conflict with the law is guilty of the crime he is
accused of doing, the ____________ of the sentence shall automatically be
suspended:
a) imposition
b) determination
c) execution
d) discharge

47. The ________________ has the right to refuse the diversion program
designed for the child:
a) offended party
b) parents of the child
c) victim
d) social worker

48. When the court decides to execute the suspended sentence, the child must be
transferred to a:
a) youth rehabilitation center
b) youth detention home
c) agricultural farm
d) prison

49. It shall be the duty of the ______________________ to make proper

recommendation to the court regarding the disposition of the child who is
undergoing rehabilitation while under suspension of sentence:
a) prosecutor =PROBABLE CAUSE
b) social worker
c) lawyer
d) judge =GUILT OF THE CHILD

50. All records pertaining to the case of the child in conflict with the law shall remain
_______ and ______:
 a) Privileged and confidential
b) classified and confidential
c) privileged and restricted
d) secret and confidential

DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND CRISIS/INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

1. Which of the following items does not belong to the group?

a. prostitution
b. assassination -OLDEST TACTIC
c. sabotage
d. bombing -MOST COMMON TACTIC
2. Which of the following is considered least among terroristic tactic?
a. noise barrage
b. assassination
c. bombing
d. kidnapping

3. In dealing with the hostage taker, the negotiator should not:

a. give his name
b. give his rank and designation
c. give in to all demands
d. look friendly or accommodating

4. The highest ranking field commander should not also be the chief negotiator
because:
a. hostage takers will be afraid
b. he is not authorized to grant concessions
c. conflict of interest as mediator and decision maker
d. hostage takers will not trust him
5. These are priorities in a hostage taking situation EXCEPT,
a. Preservation of life
b. Arrest of hostage taker
c. recover and protect property
 d. involve the media

6. Containment in a hostage taking situation refers to:

a. police handling of the situation
b. negotiation
c. contact
d. control of area and people = 1ST STEP

7. The cardinal rule to follow in a hostage taking situation is,

a. commanders should not negotiate, negotiators should not command
b. open the communication at once
c. negotiate
d. ask for demands

8. When both hostage and hostage taker develop a mutual feeling of sympathy,
understanding, and other shared stand on issues, leading them to become enemies
of the State, this turn referred to as,
a. Stockholm
b. Confrontation
c. Negotiation
d. familiarization
9. A group of bank robbers barricaded themselves inside the bank together with
their hostages; their demand is geared towards:
a. revenge
b. economic gain -COMMON CRIMINALS =EASIEST
c. escape
d. vindication

10. In hostage situation, non-verbal communication which indicates openness and

willingness to listen can be shown by:
a. a posture of folded arms in a dominant position
b. calmly repeating words of comfort and assurance
c. by not attempting to trick or lie
d. keeping arms open and with a gesture that you are willing to negotiate
11. The first step in hostage taking crisis is:
a. crowd control
c. negotiation
b. assault-LAST RESORT
d. traffic control

12. The most important person in a hostage situation:

a. negotiator
b. hostage taker
c. commander
d. hostage
13. The following are reasons, why common criminals are easy to negotiate, except:
a. fears of police assault and punishment
b. criminals are usually rational thinkers
c. they are familiar with police operations and tactics
d. their ultimate desire is to surrender

14. In the field of terrorism, the most common tactic used is_____?
A. Kidnapping C. Bombing
Assassination D. Extortion

15. In general, hostage takers are emotionally tense, when trapped expand a great
deal of emotional physical and psychic energy, hence:
a. swift and precise attack will be one advantage for the authorities
b. shortening the time will pressed him to surrender
c. prolonging the passage of time shall wear them down
d. aggravating their stress will lead them to surrender.

16. Considered as a “mortal sin” in hostage situation.

a. giving all the demands of the hostage taker
b. acting that would prejudice the lives of the hostages
c. deceiving and bluffing the hostage taker
d. saying “no” to the demands of the hostage taker
17. A hostage taker is characteristically all of these, EXCEPT
a. mental derange
b. suffers severe depression and mental aberration
c. sociopath personality
d. mental balance

18. These are not negotiable in a hostage taking situation:

a. guns and ammunition
b. drinks
c. foods
d. all of the choices

19. One of the following is not a terrorist tactics:

a. bombing
b. assassination
c. hostage-taking
d. media exposure

20. This is an assault team responsible in carrying out assault operation whenever
negotiation fails.
a. medical team
b. tactical team
c. negotiation team
d. snipers

21. It is any incident in which people are being held by another person or persons
against their will, usually by force or coercion, and demands are being made by the
perpetrator.
a. kidnapping - RANSOM
b. crisis management
c. hostage incident
d. abduction

22. “Persons in crisis” are those hostage takers who take hostages:
a. by reason of mental illness -PSYCHOTICS-
 b. by reason of prolonged frustration, despair and problems
c. for personal reason -COMMON CRIMINAL
d. because of political and ideological belief

23. In a crisis management, there is no other purpose but “SALVARI VITAS” , which
means:
a. the truth will prevail
b. kill the hostage-taker
c. to save lives
d. save the host

24. When a highly trained and motivated group of hostage takers asked non-
negotiable demands, they were left with three options: (1) choose martyrdom, kill the
hostages and commit suicide; (2) lessen demands to a more realistic proportions;
and (3) surrender. If they choose martyrdom and kill hostages, the useful action is:
a. attack them swiftly with precision
b. withhold the media from the terrorist
c. give all their demands
d. let the hostages killed
25. In hostage negotiation, if the hostage taker demands an airplane/helicopter,
what will you do?
a. go to your ground commander
b. give it with consent
c. talk to him and delay the moment
d. assault and kill him immediately

26. Considered to be the oldest tactic in terrorism:

a. Prostitution

b. Bombing
c. Assassination
d. Kidnapping
27. The stage of advance planning, organization and coordination and control in
response to an anticipated future crisis occurrence is called
a. Proactive Crisis Management
b. Reactive Crisis Management
c. Performance Stage
 d. Reaction Phase

28. A comprehensive plan which delineates responsibilities and specific action to be

taken when a bomb incident or bomb threat occurs is called
a. Floor plan
b. Bomb threat plan
c. Drill
d. Contingency plan

29. It is a body of men created to settle disputes within Barangay level.

a. barangay tanod
b. pangkat tagapagkasundo
c. barangay council
d. Lupon Tagapamayapa
30. The Lupon Tagapamayapa shall be composed of the Brgy. Chairman as
Chairman of the Lupon and the Brgy. Secretary as the Secretary of the Lupon and
other members who shall be:
a. more than 10 but less than 20
b. not less than 10 but not more than 20
c. more than 10
d. less than 10
31. The settlement of a dispute by a person/s chosen to hear both sides and to come
to a decision.
a. Mediation -15 DAYS
b. Settlement
c. Arbitration
d. Agreement
32. It refers the process whereby disputants are persuaded by the Punong Barangay
or Pangkat to amicably settle their disputes
a. agreement
b. conciliation
c. conference
d. mediation
33 . Containment in a hostage taking situation refers to:
a. police handling of the situation
b. negotiation
c. contact
d. control of area and people

34. The cardinal rule to follow in a hostage taking situation is,

a. commanders should not negotiate, negotiators should not command
b. open the communication at once
c. negotiate
d. ask for demands
35. When both hostage and hostage taker develop a mutual feeling of sympathy,
understanding, and other shared stand on issues, leading them to become enemies
of the State, this turn referred to as,
a. Stockholm Syndrome
b. Confrontation
c. Negotiation
d. familiarization
36. The first step in hostage taking crisis is:
a. crowd control
c. negotiation
b. Assault
d. traffic
37. In general, hostage takers are emotionally tense, when trapped expand a great
deal of emotional physical and psychic energy, hence:
a. swift and precise attack will be one advantage for the authorities
b. shortening the time will pressed him to surrender
c. prolonging the passage of time shall wear them down
d. aggravating their stress will lead them to surrender.
38. Considered as a “mortal sin” in hostage situation.
a. giving all the demands of the hostage taker
b. acting that would prejudice the lives of the hostages
c. deceiving and bluffing the hostage taker
d. saying “no” to the demands of the hostage taker
39. It is any incident in which people are being held by another person or persons
against their will, usually by force or coercion, and demands are being made by the
perpetrator.
a. kidnapping
b. crisis management
c. hostage incident
d. abduction
40. “Persons in crisis” are those hostage takers who take hostages:
a. by reason of mental illness
b. by reason of prolonged frustration, despair and problems
c. for personal reason
d. because of political and ideological belief
41. When a highly trained and motivated group of hostage takers asked non-
negotiable demands, they were left with three options: (1) choose martyrdom, kill the
hostages and commit suicide; (2) lessen demands to a more realistic proportions;
and (3) surrender. If they choose martyrdom and kill hostages, the useful action is:
a. attack them swiftly with precision
b. withhold the media from the terrorist
c. give all their demands
d. let the hostages killed
42. In hostage negotiation, if the hostage taker demands an airplane/helicopter (non
negotiable), what will you do?
a. go to your ground commander
b. give it with consent
c. talk to him and delay the moment
d. assault and kill him immediately
43. Considered to be the oldest tactic in terrorism:
a. Prostitution
b. Bombing
c. Assassination
d. Kidnapping
44. These are important in a hostage taking situation, EXCEPT:
a. Presence of linguist negotiator
b. Considerable screening of all members
c. Dry run or constant practice
d. Inclusion of the media people in the negotiation
45. It is the position from which a unit commander and his staff exercise command
over the hostage incident.
a. command post
b. outer perimeter
c. inner perimeter
d. command headquarters
Where can we find the command post?
Outer perimeter
46. It is an assault team responsible in carrying out assault operation whenever
negotiation fails.
a. Negotiation Team b. Medical Team
c. Tactical Team d. Response Team
47. In dealing with the hostage taker, the negotiator should not:
a. give his name
b. give his rank and designation
c. give in to all demands
d. look friendly or accommodating
48. The highest ranking field commander should not also be the chief negotiator
because:
a. hostage takers will be afraid
b. b. he is not authorized to grant concessions
c. conflict of interest as mediator and decision maker
d. d. hostage takers will not trust him
49. Is a turning point in the course of anything, decisive or crucial time, stage or
event.
a. problem
b. hazard
c. crisis
d. risk
50. It is influenced by the outside causes or factors. Examples are: Threat or threats
to one’s life and or family including property?
a. External crisis
b. Internal crisis
c. Outside Crisis
d. Inside Crisis

CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 AND 2

1. It is defined as a careful, systematic study of knowledge in the field of

criminology or criminal justice, undertaken to discover or establish facts of the
crimes or causations of crime.
A. social science research
B. criminal justice research
C. descriptive research
D. criminological research

2. This finds answer to the questions who, what, when, where and how; this type
of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of special
aspects or factors.
A. descriptive research C. historical research =PAST EVENTS
B. experimental research= FUTURE EVENTS D. all of these

3. It is concerned with the acquisition of new knowledge for the sake of science or
the development of the field.
A. pure basic research
B. empirical research
C. applied research
D. action research

4. It is a practical research concerned with solving immediate policy problems.

A. action research
B. applied research
C. pure research
D. D. basic research

5. These are terms that need to be defined in the study.

a Universally accepted terms
b Operational Terms
c Terms defined over dictionaries
d None of them

5. In this classification of research; concepts are assigned numerical value; and

research methods in the social sciences, of which criminal justice is heir, had
followed these basic philosophical traditions.
A. all of these
B. none of these
C. quantitative research
D. qualitative research =VERBAL DESCRIPTION
6. This is responsible for new products, new knowledge and new ways of
undertaking projects.
A. Manufacturing C. Developmental
B. Research D. Experiment

7. The first and the most important step in conducting a research project.
A. Determining the appropriate research method
B. Collection of Data
C. Identification of a research problem
D. Formulating hypothesis

8. The first and the most important step in conducting a research project.
a. Determining the appropriate research method
b. Collection of Data
c. Identification of a research problem
d. Formulating hypothesis

9. This refers to the overall plan and scheme in conducting the study.
a Methods of Research = chapter 3
b Research Design =BLUE PRINT
c Both A and C
d None of them

10. A data-gathering instrument or device used to determine what is occurring

 or what individuals are doing.
a. Interview
b. Questionnaire
c. Observation
d. Survey

11. This is an oral type of questionnaire to determine the perceptions of the

individuals or groups.
A. Interview C. Questionnaire =WRITTEN OR PRINTED
B. Observation D. Survey

12. This uses carefully planned and printed items given to respondents in order to
elicit answers to questions of the research.
A. Interview C. Questionnaire
B. Observation D. Survey

13. It is defined as a careful, systematic study of knowledge in the field of

criminology or criminal justice, undertaken to discover or establish facts of
the crimes or causations of crime.
a. social science research
b. criminal justice research
c. descriptive research
d. criminological research

14. This finds answer to the questions who, what, when, where and how; this
type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of
special aspects or factors.

a. descriptive research =WHAT IS=PRESENT

b. historical research =WHAT WAS=PAST
c. experimental research =WHAT WILL BE =FUTUTE
d. all of these

16. The purpose of this part of research is to give readers the context of the
present research.
A. Introduction -CHAP 1
B. Method of Research -3
C. Review of Related Literature -2
D. Conclusion -5

17. These are inferences, deductions, abstractions and/or

generalizations based on findings.
A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion
B. Introduction D. Recommendations
18. These are addressed to those concerned to help solve the problem, guided
by the research findings.
A. Presentation of Data C. Conclusion
B. Introduction D. Recommendations

19. Is a method of inquiry for the purpose of obtaining facts in response to

questions.
a. Manufacturing C. Developmental
b. Research D. Experiment
20. It describes phenomena in words instead of numbers or measures.
a. Qualitative Research
b. Quantitative Research
c. Both A and C
d. None of them

21. The ultimate aim of research is –

a. To test a theory
b. To solve a problem
c. To develop new theory or product
d. All of them

22. This is a specific statement of prediction.

a. Setting of the Study C. Introduction
b. Framework D. Hypothesis = NULL=NEGATIVE.
ALTERNATIVE=POSITIVE

23. Its purpose is to study intensively the background, current status, and
environmental interactions of a given social unit: an individual, group, institution or
community.
a. Survey C. Case Study
b. Ethnographic D. None of them

24. This section presents the specific problems of the study that needs to be
stated correctly by way of a precise question which demands specific answer.
a. Background of the Study
b. Hypothesis of the Study
c. Statement of the Problem
d. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
25. Which of these frameworks has been emphasized when arguments on how and
why a particular factor can possibly influence another are presented?
a. Conceptual Framework
b. Framework
c. Research Frameworks
d. Theoretical Framework

26. In this part, the researcher reads literature, summarizes the literature, and
synthesizes the results in relation to the problem.
a. Review of Related Literature
b. Methods of Research
c. Theoretical Framework
d. Introduction

27. In this part of the research, the researcher outlines theory he wishes to
espouse or verify.
a. Review of Related Literature
b. Methods of Research
c. Theoretical Framework
d. Introduction

28. Which characteristic of research deals with facts and not with mere
opinions arising, assumptions, generalizations, predictions or conclusions?
A. Accuracy -RELATIVE TO THE ISSUE
B. Clarity – SIMPLE, SPECIFIC
C. Relevance -CONNECTED WITH THE ISSUE
D. Objectivity -AVOID MAKING OPINIONS- RESULT MUST BE
SCIENTIFIC

29. These are unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses and

dissertations from the country of origin of the researcher.
a. Foreign Studies C. Local Studies
b. Foreign LiteratureX D. Local Literature X
LITERATURE=PUBLISHED
STUDIES UN PUBLISHED

30. This refers to the type of research according to the type of analysis
commences with the total situations. Focusing its interest on the system first
and then on its internal relationships.
 a. Analytical Research -SPECIFIC
b. Applied Research
c. Historical Research
d. Holistic

31. In this part, the researcher reads literature, summarizes the literature, and
synthesizes the results in relation to the problem.
a. Review of Related Literature
b. Methods of Research
c. Theoretical Framework
d. Introduction
32. Is a branch of mathematics that deals with the techniques for collecting,
analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data?
a. Geometry C. Algebra
b. Statistics D. Trigonometry

33. Research in criminology is focused on –

a. Crime and Criminalities
b. Criminals and Criminal Behaviors
c. Corrections and Treatment
d. All of them
34. In this part of the research, the researcher outlines theory he wishes to
espouse or verify.
a. Review of Related Literature
b. Methods of Research
c. Theoretical Framework
d. Introduction

35. In this part, the researcher reads literature, summarizes the literature, and
synthesizes the results in relation to the problem.
a. Review of Related Literature
b. Methods of Research
c. Theoretical Framework
d. Introduction

36. Which of the following is the importance of timely reporting of crime statistics?
a. It deters persons from committing crimes.
b. It is easy to process and store in digital format.
c. It determines whether the increases in crime volume were
unique to their own areas or they are part of a broader national
pattern and trend.
d. It will improve the image of the locality.
37. The purpose of this part of research is to give readers the context (introduce
the topic) of the present research.
a. Introduction
b. Method of Research
c. Review of Related Literature
d. Conclusion
38. The following scientific inquiry may be useful in criminological research except –
a. Solutions of crimes and criminalities
b. Causation of Crimes
c. Marketing problems
d. Crime Prevention

39. It is a type of research according to the type of analysis begins with the
total situations. Focusing attention on the system first of and then on its
internal relationships.
A. Analytical Research
B. Applied Research
C. Holistic Research
D. Pure Research
40. It is a type of research according to the type of analysis is where the
researcher attempts to identify and isolate the components of the
research situation?
A. Analytical Research
B. Applied Research
C. Holistic Research
D. Pure Research

41. It is a comprehensive detailed, in depth or complete analysis of an

individual, institution, group or community.

A. Case Study
B. Interview
C. Questionnaire
D. Survey
42. It is the “assumed effect” of another variable. It is the change that
occurs in the study population when one or more factors are changed
or when an intervention is introduced.
a. A. Antecedent Variable
b. Dependent Variable
c. Independent Variable
d. Intervening Variable

43. It is a type of research which has this purpose of determining the

future operation of the variables under investigation with the aim of
controlling or redirecting such for the better
a. Descriptive Research
b. Predictive Research
c. Pure Research
d. Quantitative Research

44. It is an inference that is formulated and provisionally adapted to

explain observe facts of condition and to guide its further investigation.
A. Assumptions
B. Hypothesis
C. Problem
D. Statement of the Problem
45. It is a characteristic which is found before (ante) the independent
variable. It is expected to influence the independent variable/s it is
usually irreversible.
a. Antecedent Variable
b. Dependent Variable
c. Independent Variable
d. Intervening Variable

46. It is an assumed cause of a problem it is an assumed reason for any

changes or variation in a dependent variable.
a. Antecedent Variable
b. Dependent Variable
c. Independent Variable
d. Intervening Variable

47. It is the “assumed effect” of another variable. It is the change that

occurs in the study population when one or more factors are changed or
when an intervention is introduced.
a. Antecedent Variable
b. Dependent Variable
c. Independent Variable
d. Intervening Variable
e. Summary/Synthesis

48. The major variables of the study should be measurable and should
be specified in the problem statement. The used of ambiguous terms must
be avoided.
a. A research problem must be clear
b. A research problem must be ethical
c. A research problem must be feasible
d. A research problem must be relevant
49. It is a type of research which attempts to describe an existing
situation and/or explanatory certain patterns of behavior using either both
qualitative and quantitative research techniques.
a. a. Explanatory Research
b. b. Keen Research
c. c. Pure Basic Research
d. d. Qualitative Research

50. It contains a detailed description of the respondents as to age, sex,

marital status, nature of employment?
A. Description of the Respondents
B. Population Sampling Scheme
C. Research Instrument
D. Statement of the Problem