1 - RATIONAL NUMBERS

Rational Numbers are written in the

form of p/q where q is not equal to 0
and p,q are integers.

Which operations are possible on

Rational Numbers?
Addition - YES
Subtraction - YES Multiplication - YES
Division - YES
Properties
Closure property -
Addition - YES
Subtraction - YES Multiplication - YES
Division - YES/NO
Rational numbers are closed under
addition, multiplication, subtraction
But are not closed under division.
Commutative property -
Addition - YES 
Subtraction - NO Multiplication - YES
Division - NO
Associative property -
Addition - YES 
Subtraction - NO Multiplication - YES
Division - NO
Distributive property -
Addition - YES 
Subtraction - YES
Division - NO

2 - LINEAR EQUATIONS
IN ONE VARIABLE

LINEAR - Highest ° 1
EQUATIONS -
variables
LHS=RHS
EQUALITY SIGN (=)

Always while solving equations LHS

equal to RHS.
 3 - UNDERSTANDING
QUADRILATERALS

Any 4 sided closed figure is a

QUADRILATERAL

Any closed figure made up only by line

segments is called POLYGON

3 - Triangle
4 - Quadrilateral
5 - Pentagon
6 - Hexagon
7 - Heptagon
8 - Octagon
9 - Nonagon
10 - Decagon
n - n-gon

DIAGONAL - Is a line segment

Connecting two non consecutive vertices
of a polygon.
 Angle sum property
Triangle = 180°
Circle = 360°

The sum of the measures of the

external angles of any polygon is 360°.

Types Of Quadrilaterals
Trapezium- quadrilateral with a pair of
parallel sides.
Kite- special type of quadrilateral the
sides with the same markings in each
figure are equal.
Parallelograms- quadrilateral whose
opposite sides are parallel
Properties
1.The opposite angles of a parallelogram
are of equal measure.
2.The adjacent angles in a parallelogram
are supplementary.
2.The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect
each other at the point of their
intersection.
Types of parallelograms
Rhombus- A rhombus is a quadrilateral
with sides of equal length.
Properties
1. The diagonals of a rhombus are
perpendicular bisectors of one another.
Rectangle- a rectangle is a parallelogram
with equal angles and opposite sides are
equal.
Properties
1. The diagonals of a rectangle are of
equal length.
Square- equal sides equal angles
Properties
1. The diagonals of a square are
perpendicular bisectors of each other.

4 - PRACTICAL
GEOMETRY

CANCEL 😞
 5 - DATA HANDLING

Data mostly available to us is in an

unorganised form is called raw data.

Frequency give the number of times

that a particular entry occurs.

Probability of an event = number of

outcomes that make an event / total
number of outcomes of the experiment
(when the outcomes are equally likely)

One or more outcomes of an

experiment make an event.

6 - SQUARES AND
SQUARE ROOTS

All square numbers end with

0,1,4,5,6,9 at its unit place.
 numbers ending in 0,1,4,5,6 or 9
square no. ends in
0,1,4,5,6 or 9

non square NUMBERS BETWEEN

SQUARE NO.
the no. btw n, (n+1)²=2n

If a natural number can be expressed

as sum of successive odd natural
numbers starting with 1 then it is a
perfect square
eg. 1+3=4=2²

A SUM OF CONSECUTIVE NATURAL

NUMBERS
A square of any odd number can be
represented as the sum of two
consecutive positive integers.

SQUARE PATTERNS
1.1²=1
11²=121
111²=12321
1111²=1234321
11111²=123454321
2.7²=49
67²=4489
677²=444889
6777²=44448889
67777²=4444488889
3.11²=121
101²=10201
1001²=1002001
10001²=100020001

PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLET
if three numbers follow the Pythagoras
Theorem they are known as Pythagorean
triplet.
2m ,(m²-1), (m²+1)

square number can only have even

number of zeros at the end
 7 - CUBES AND CUBE
ROOTS

1729 4104 13832 are known as Hardy

Ramanujan numbers; they can be
expressed as the sum of two cubes in
two different ways.

8 - COMPARING
QUANTITIES

Formula
 Discount is the reduction given on
marked price
 Additional expenses made after buying
an article are included in the cost price
and are known as overhead expenses.

Sales tax is charged on the sale of an

item by the government and is added to
the Bill amount.

Amount when interest is compounded

half yearly.
 9 - Algebraic
Expressions And
Identities

Terms factors and coefficients

In algebra, like terms are terms that

have the same variables and powers. ...
Unlike terms are two or more terms that
are not like terms, i.e. they do not have
the same variables or powers. The order
of the variables does not matter unless
there is a power.

Monomial × monomial
multiplying more monomial
monomial × binomial
monomial × trinomial

Binomial × binomial
Binomial × trinomial
 Identities

10 - VISUALISING
SOLID SHAPES

polyhedron- a solid figure with many

plane faces, typically more than six.

For any polyhedron F+V-E=2 (EULERS

FORMULA)
11 - MENSURATION
          
12 - EXPONENTS AND
POWERS

Scientific notation
 13 - DIRECT AND
INVERSE PROPORTIONS
If two quantities increase together
they are known to be in direct
proportion.
 If 1 out of the 2 increases and the
other decreases they are known to be in
inverse proportion.

14 - FACTORISATION

CANCEL 😞
15 - INTRODUCTION TO
GRAPHS

CANCEL 😞
16 - PLAYING WITH
NUMBERS

CANCEL 😞