alexander the great and the successor wars

. 170 Bc
ae a cae Wars between the G re ek city-states continued after the Pelo DONNES ian Alexander's sudden death precipitated a series of wars that ended only 2 Antigonus ‘One Eye’ waskilled at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 8c, ending the most
Battle of a Chaeronea: Macedon : : th the Cae - the region.
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{under Philip II) overpowers : = my) arrival of Roman powerin Alexander's' generals (the i
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Theban-led coalition Wa r until the.no rthern state of M d ced On OVE rwh elmed a Th eban-led Diadochoi, or Successors} fought to inherit, if not his throne, at least an eeeeeae eaeae
CS coalition at the Battle of Chaeronea IN) 338 pee ; | empire of their own. By the assassination of Seleucus, the last of the old Persian heartland and Macedoniaitself. Macedonian intrigues with the
Oo 336BC Alexander's officers, in 280 8c, three main successor states emerged: Carthaginians during the Second Punic War werenotforgotten in Rome which
: = oieee‘bas , Macedon, Egypt and the Seleucid Kingdom that stretched from the eastern declared waron Philip V in 200 Bc. The waeton were defeated in 197Bc and
Pop ee The victorious Macedonianking, Philip Il, was assassinated in 336 Bc. Two yearslater, his son AlexanderIII led the shores of the Mediterranean to Baghdad again in 1688c. Between the Macedonian wars, Romeintervenedin the eastern
}| © Macedonian nee
army into Asia, on a one-way journey that won him the reputation of the greatest field commanderof the
| ee mee YJ a a i Asia Mi g . ela eal : 3 Over a century after Alexander's death, the Egypt of the Ptolemys and the Aegean where smaller states allied with her against Antiochus Ill, ruler of the
Seleucid empire {map below). Antiochus was defeated at Magnesia in 190sc, the
| i 334 BC ncien wort = € shattered a coo ay ed by ee sal’aps 2 ne ma sid INOr, Personauy teauing : ea Soe Seleucids in the Middle East/Syria were at war over the ports and cities that success of cavalry under his own commandfailing to stop the legions
| Alexander invades Persia =» cavalry charge that nearly cost himhislife. Alexander’s communications with Macedon werevulnerable to the Persian were part of Coele-Syria, the modern-day Mediterranean Middle East. In demolishing his phalanx.
| | fleet, which was also capable of supporting revolts within Greece, so he led the army against the coastal cities of the 218 Bc, fresh from suppressing seriesof eastern rebellions
f 333 BC eastern Mediterranean. King DariusIII of Persia arrived in 333 Bc, but he was defeatedat Issus, and his army disinte-
Battle of Issus the Seleucid Kingdom’s young ruler, AntiochusIll, invaded
. grated. The Persian Empire began to fracture. Its provinces included a wide variety of races, subject peoples with no Coele-Syria and marched against Egypt. The ensuingBattle of :
5 i 331 Bc 7 particular allegiance to the ruling Achaemenid dynasty. Egypt's cities surrendered to Alexander. Alexander's general Raphia (217 gc)left Palestine in Egyptian hands while Antiochus’
| Battle of Gaugamela (or Arbela): Ptolemy wasto found the lastdynastyof pharaohs, which endedwith Cleopatra VII. In 331 Bc Alexander marchedinto 4
the devoted his considerable energy to further campaigns in
il | Alexander defeats Darius heartlandof Asia for a final confrontation with Darius, who had raised and equipped another army. Dariusfled the field at = Baccuba and ae | ie
i | ee Gaugamela, and was pursued for some monthsby Alexanderuntil assassinated by Bessus,the satrap of Bactria. far east as the Punjab. Cynoscephalge™.. “3
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| aese Alexander devoted the nextten years to conquering the farthest reaches of the Persian Empire. In 323 Bc, aged only 3 | a the hellenistic world, 19 ) i1€SIC.PERGAN
| 33, and having conquered mostofthecivilised world, he died of fever (or possibly poison). 188 Bc a) GRAECO-
280 Bc [99 independentGreek states
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=== States federated to the empire
=== independentstates
routeof Alexander the Great
route of Nearchus's naval expedition, 325 BC
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