WOLKI

TEUNI
VERSI
TY
THEBENEFI
CIARYOFLI
FEI
NSURANCE
UNDERCOMMERCI
ALANDCI
VILCODE
OFEt
hiopi
a

Submi
tt
edt
o-MrTeshome(
LLB,
LLM,

Submi
ssi
onDat
e23/
09/
202013.

Submi
tt
edby
:GADI
SAFEKADU……….
.SSR/
0418/
13

Acknowl
edgement
Fir
stofal l
,IwouldlikethanksalmightyGodforprovi
dingmet he
str
ength,patience,andblessi
ngfrom thebegi
nningtot heendof
the study.
Secondly,and f ormostIwoul dli
ke tot hanks my
i
nstructorTeshome( LLB,LLM,f
orgivingt
hisr
esearchproposal

０
Tabl
econt
ent page

1.
1backgr
oundoft
hest
udy
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..2

1.
2st
atementoft
hepr
obl
em.
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1.
3obj
ect
iveoft
hest
udy.
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.6

1.
3.1Gener
al.
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1.
3.2Speci
fi
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1.
4resear
chquest
ion.
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1.
4.1Mai
nquest
ion .
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.6

1.
4.2Speci
fi
cquest
ion.
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7

1.
5si
gni
fi
canceoft
hest
udy.
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..7

1.
6li
ter
atur
erevi
ew.
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..7&8

1.
7 Sour
ceofdat
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1.
7.1 Pr
imar
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....9

1.
7.2 Secondar
y..
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.9

1.
8resear
chmet
hodol
ogy.
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..9

1.
8.1Resear
chdesi
gn.
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..10

1.
8.2Resear
chmet
hod.
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.10.

1.
9or
gani
zat
ionoft
hest
udy.
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.10

1.
10l
imi
tat
ionoft
hest
udy
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..11

1.
11scopeoft
hest
udy
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11

1.
12t
imef
rame.
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.11

1.
13bi
bli
ogr
aphy
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..11

１
 CHAPTERONE

1.
1Backgr
oundoft
hest
udy
I
nsurancei
sacontactwher
eby
,forst
ipulat
edconsi
der
ati
on,one
par
tyundert
aket
ocompensatetheot herforl
ostonspecifi
ed
per
ils1.Today in ourwor l
di nsurance isi mpor t
antdev i
ce of
coveringriskrel
atedwithbusi nessandper sonall i
vesofagr eat
numberofpeopl e.Inpr
esenttimet ypesofinsurancearenumer ous.
Under Et hiopi
an commer ci
al code has gener al
lyI nsurance
cl
assi f
iedint ot wo.Thesear einsuranceagai nstdamageand
i
nsur anceofper son.I
nsuranceofper sonwhi chi sclassif
iedint o
2
l
i
feI
nsur
anceandi
nsur
anceagai
nstacci
dentandi
l
lness.

Li
feInsuranceisthatguar
anteesaspeci
fi
csum ofmoneyto
desi
gnatedbenefi
ciar
yuponthedeat
h oft hei
nsur
erort
othe
3
i
nsuredifheorsheli
vesbey ondcer
tai
nage. UnderEthi
opi
anlegal
syst
ems,l i
feInsur
ance is defi
ned as a cont
ractwherebythe
i
nsurerundert
akeagainstthepaymentofoneormor epremiums
topaytot hesubscri
berort othebenefi
ciaryaspecif
icsum on
cert
ain condi
ti
ons dependentupon t he li
fe orthe deat
h of
4
subscri
berorthi
rdpart
yinsur
ed. From thi
sdefinit
ion,i
tmaybe
deducedthatl
if
eInsur
anceisacontractbet
weent hepolicyowner
and the i
nsur
er.The pol
icyownersomet imes is call
ed pol
icy
holder
,ist
hepersonwhohastherighttoexerci
secont r
oloverthe
poli
cy.

1
“I
nsur
ance”
,onl
i
ne<ht
tp.
www.
thel
awdi
cti
onar
y.or
g/i
nsur
ance>[l
astaccessedmay
25,
2019]
2
Commer
cial
codeoft
heempi
reofEt
hiopi
a, Negar
1960, itGazet
a,Ext
raor
dinar
yissue,
Pr 19thy
oc.No166, ear
,Ar
t654(
3)
3
“
Lif
eInsur
ance“
,onl
i
ne<ht
tp.
www.
thef
reedi
cti
onar
y.com>[
lastaccessedmay25,
2019]
4
Supr
anot
e2,
Art691

２
LifeI
nsurancegener al
lyexisti
nv ari
ousf orm.InEthi
opiacontext
thefoll
owi ngtypeoflifeInsur
ancehasbeeni denti
fi
ed.Thef ir
st
typeisTer mlif
eInsurance,ref
erstost r
aightl
if
eInsurancethatis
i
nef f
ectf orspeci
ficperi
odoft i
me.Andt hesecondtypeiswhol e
l
ifeInsurancepolicypertainli
feInsurancewher ebyt hesum of
assuredispay ableondeat h onlyandnotexpi r
yofanyf ixed
perod.5 The l
i astone is endowmentpol
icy
,i s a ki
nd ofli
fe
I
nsurancewherebytheprimaryobli
gat
ioni
nsuredhimselfwhere
thesurv
ivest
hebenef
ici
ary.

I
nEt
hiopi
ancomr
cialcodeof1960sayst
hat
"
Art691-
--
Def
ini
ti
on

Al
i
fei
nsur
ancei
sacont
ractwher
ebyt
hei
nsur
erunder
takesagai
nstthepay
mentofoneormor epremiunst
opay
tothesubscri
berortothebenef
ici
aryaspeci
fi
edsum on
certai
ncondi
ti
onsdependentupontheli
feordeathoft
he
6
subscr
iberort
hir
dpar
tyi
nsur
ed"
f
rom t
heabov
edef
ini
ti
ononecanconcl
udt
hat
-l
i
fei
nsur
ancei
sacont
ract
- the contr
acti
s mase bet
ween t
he i
nsur
erand t
he
subscr
iber
-t heinsurerundert
akesorcommitsitsel
ftopaythe
agreedamountofmoneytothebenef
ici
aryupondeat
hof
thesubscri
ber

5
Ezr egn,
aLDesal “
someissuer
elat
ingtol
if
einsur
anceunderEt
hiopi
ancommer
cialcode”
,
Jour
nal
ofAfr
ical
aw,vol
52no2,2008,pp190
6
Thecommer
cial
codeofempi
reofEt
hiopi
a,negar
itgazet
a,19thy
ear
,pr
ocno.
166/
1960

３
1.
2St
atementoft
hepr
obl
em
r
ecentlyanumberofInsurancecompanyinourcountrybecomes
i
ncr
easeandmanypeopl esareengagi
nginInsur
ancetr
ansact
ion,
t
he I nsur
ance compani es pr
otect and give guar
antee for
i
ndi
vidualsfr
om chal
l
enges

Many peopl es contr

acting wit
hi nsurercompany t o buy lif
e
Insurancepoli
cybutaf t
erasubscr i
berdied thi
scont r
acacanbe
diff
erentview f
rom thetwol awstowhom i tshouldbepay .The
commer ci
alcodeandt hecivi
lcodehascont r
adict
edi dea.
The
provisi
onofcommer cialcodehasconf l
ict
ingideafrom thatofArt
827(1)ofthecivi
lcode.Underarti
cle827(1)ofciv
ilcode.

"
Art827.
--
thi
ngsmaki
ngi
nher
it
ance.
--
li
fei
nsur
ance

Asindi
cat
edinart827oft heci
vilcode,wheat
herl
i
fei
nsur
ance
coul
dorcoul
dnotconst
it
uteaheredit
aryest
ate.

(
1)moni es dueinperf
ormanceofacontractofl
if
einsurance
towhichthedeseased hasnotdet er
minedthebenefici
aryorthe
i
nsuranceismadet ot hebenef
itofthehei
rsoft hedecesedwith
outanyotherint
erdi
cti
on.
7
(
2)i
not
hercases,
theyshal
lnotf
orm par
toft
hei
nher
it
ance"

t701oft
Ar hecomer
cialcodepr
ovi
desf
ort
hebenef
ici
ary
oft
hel
i
fei
nsur
anceasf
oll
ows
"
Art701.
--Benef
ici
aryofi
nsur
ancepol
i
cy
(
1) Aninsur
ancepol
icyfortheeventofdeat
hmaybe
madetot
hebenefi
tofspeci
fi
edbenefi
cir
ies.

Theci
7
vi
lcodeofempi
reofEt
hiopi
a,negar
itgazet
a,19thyear
,pr
oc
no.
165/
1960.

４
 (2)t
hef ol
lowi
ngpersonsshallbedeemedtobespeci
fi
ed
benefi
ciari
es not with standing that t
hey ar
e not
mentionedbyname
(a)thesubscri
ber
'sspouse,evenwher
ethemar
ri
age
t
ookplaceaft
erthepol
icywasent er
dint
o.
(
b)thesubscr
iber
schi
ldr
en,wheat
herornotbor
nat
t
het
imewhenthepoli
cyi
senter
ed"
Ther
ei snounani mityindecisionsofcour t
sofvar i
ous
l
evelregardi
ngt heruleunderar t701(2)isconcerned.
Somecour tsmaket hisprovi
sionappl i
cabl
etoallcases
butothercour
tsdonotacceptt hi
sar gument
.TheFederal
supr
emecour tusual
l
yr ej
ectdecisionsonsuchargument,
t
hehusbandorthewife,andchi
l
drenwhoarebornwhen
t
he I
nsurance was made are consi
der
ed as speci
fi
c
8
benef
ici
aryaccor
dingt
oAr
t701(
2)ofcommer
cial
code.
accordingtot heciv
ilcodei tisonlytheper
sonwhois
i
ndicatedast hebenefici
arywhoi sgoingtocol
l
ectall
moneyt he spouse shallbe benef
ici
aryonl
ywhen t
he
subscribermakeshim benefi
ciar
y.
Thecontradict
ionexistsbetweenAr t827(1)ofcivi
lcodeandAr t
701(2)ofcommer cialcodeisnotsuchanappar entcontr
adict
ion
rat
herthant hedif
ferenceinthetwopr ovi
sioncri
ti
calthatendup
wit
hdi f
ferenceoutcome.whati smor ediffi
cul
tisbotht hecivi
l
codeandcommer cialcodewereproclai
m atthesamet i
me,

These two contradi

ctr ul
es cr
eate a gr
eatproblem i
nt hei
r
appl
icati
on.Thedeci si
on ofcourtsvar
iesfrom onecourt to
anothercour
t.Thejudgesgeti
ndilemma;whichonerul
eappl
yfor
8
Al
iMohamed,
“LawofSuccessi
onDi
stancePr
ogr
am”
,Bahi
rdar
,Bahi
rdaruni
ver
sit
y,pp57

５
t
hecaser
elat
edwi
tht
hisi
ssue.

The di ff
erentdecisi
ons ofv ar
ious levelofcour ts aff
ectt he
peoples,whoi schil
dren,wifeorhusband, Benefi
ci
aryofInsurance
andl egalheirsduet ot hecourtdecidebasedont hecivi
lcode
otherwhi l
eoncommer ci
alcodethiscreat
eunf ai
rtr
eatmentofl aw
towardspeopl es,whohav esimilarcasebutdi ff
erentdecisi
ons.
Thisal soul t
imatel
yl oset heobjecti
veoft helaw creat
egr eat
socialcri
sis.

1.
3Obj
ect
iveofst
udy

1.
3.1Gener
alobj
ect
ive

Thef
oll
owi
ngsar
egener
alobj
ect
ives:

 Deter
mine the benef
ici
ary oft
he l
i
feI
nsur
ance oft
he
subscr
iberaf
terhewasdied.

1.
3.2Speci
fi
cobj
ect
ive
✔ Toev aluat
et heconsequenceofdet er
minethebenef
ici
aryof
l
i
feInsurance
✔ Expl
oringotherl
egalsyst
em exper
iencetothi
sissue

✔ Toev aluat
ethedeci
sionoft
hecour
tsandt
heef
fectoft
he
deci
sion.

✔ Toputf
orwar
dthepossi
bler
ecommendat
ion

1.
4Resear
chquest
ion

1.
4.1Mai
nquest
ion

 Whoist
hebenefi
ciaryofli
fei
nsurancepol
i
cyaccor
dingt
o
commer
cial
andci
vilcodeofEt
hiopi
a

６
 1.
4.2Speci
fi
cquest
ion

 Whatwi
llbetheeff
ectofenf
orcet
her
uleenshr
inedunder
Ar
t827ofci
vi
lcode?

 Aret
hespousesandchil
drensofthesubscr
iberar
eexcl
ude
fr
om t
hebenefi
tofl
i
feinsurancepol
i
cy?

 Whatwouldbetheef
fecttoenf
orcet
her
uleenshr
inedunder
Ar
ti
cle702ofcommercial
code?

 Howwecani
nter
prett
her
ulesef
fect
ivel
y?

1.
5Si gnif
icanceoft hestudy
Sincetheissueofl i
feinsurancebenef i
ciar
yisverycrit
icalbecause
ofthegrowt hofinsurancecompanyandpeopl esalsocont r
actlife
i
nsurance.Af terthedeat hoft hesubscr i
bertherei saconf l
ict
between thehei rand,t hespousesand chi ldrenst ot aket he.
moneyandt hethatgov ernt hi
si ssueareeachot hercontradict
such eventneeds acadami calresearch toresolvet hi
s crucial
probl
em.

Thisresearchalsoi mport
antforjudgesandl awy
erstohandle
suchli
kecases.Finally
,andmosti mport
ant
ly,thestudywi
llserv
e
toindi
vi
duals,whoi sabenefi
ciar
yoflif
einsurancepoli
cyorlegal
hei
rsandf ori
nsurancecompany .

1.
6Li
ter
atur
erev
iew
Thereexistvar
iousbooks,ar
ti
clesaboutl
i
fei
nsur
anceandt
he
benefi
ciar
yofli
feInsur
ance

AliMohamed"lawofsuccessi
ondistancemater
ial"statedthatto
determi
nethebenefi
ciar
y,i
fli
feinsurancehi
sopi nionhavebeen
forwardtoint
erpr
ateandenforcethet woprovisionsinwayt he

７
rulescanensur ebothri
ghtofhei rsandspouseandchi l
dren'
sto
taket hebenefi
tofl
ifei
nsuranceincasewher et hebenefi
ci
arywas
notspeci f
ie.
thi
sapproachispossi bletoconsiderthewifeorthe
husbandoft hedeceased.asoneofhei rthedeceased,j
ustfort
he
pur poseoftaki
ngashar efrom t
hebenef i
tofli
feinsur
ancepoli
cy
madebyt hedeceasedandt hisprotecttheexclusi
onofeithert
he
hierorchildr
ensbornaftertheconcl usi
onofl i
feinsur
ancepoli
cy
andatt hesamet i
memaket hehusbandorwi f eofdeceasedon
9
thebenef i
ciaryofl ifei nsur ancepol i
cy. Thear ti
clebyYohannes
Heroui" thedet ermi nationofbenef ici
aryofl i
feinsur ancepol icy"
statedt hat: UnderAr ticle701ofcommer ci
alcode, ther ightt o
determi net hebenef i
ciaryofhi slifei nsur ancepol icybel ongst o
thesubscr i
ber,andhi m al one. Hemaydesi gnat ehisbenef i
ciaryor
benef i
ci ari
esbynameorbyt erml i
ke" myspouses", "mychi ldren","
myhei rs"andot hers. Thet er m of"speci fied"benef iciaryi nAr t
icle
701( 1)ofcommer cialcodewascar eful
lychosenf ort hepur pose
i
ndicat ingt hesubscr i
bermayexpr esshi schoi cei nabov et ermsI f
so hechooses.Sub ar ti
cle( 2)doesn’ tnei therisi ti nt
end t o,
establishanewbenef iciaryi nadditiont ot hesubscr iberi nhi sown
choice.I tdoesn' tmaket hespousesandchi ldr
enoft hesubscr i
ber
benef i
ci aryt hepolicyi nt heirownr ightandar ti
cl
e702( 2)doesn' t
thusder ogatefrom t hepr inciplelaiddownundersubar ti
cle( 1)
andmaket hespouseandchi l
drensbenef iciaryintheirownr i
ght.It
10
mer el
y drawn by the subscr i
ber himself. In general
,abov e
l
iterat
ureshavebeendiscussedaboutbeneficiaryoflif
einsurance.
Howev er,t
heyfail
edtopr ovideinwhatmechani sm inourl egal
system thespousesassimil
ateashi erofthesubscr iberbecause
i
nl awofsuccessioni
fEt hi
opiahusbandandwi fearenotsucceed
eachot herandthesecondl iter
atur
eabsol utelydiscri
minatethe
spousesofthesubscri
bertobenef i
tfrom l
i
feinsurancepol i
cy.

9
Supr
anot
e7,
pp63

８
YohhanesHeroui
,
”thedeter
minat
ionofbenef
ici
aryofl
i
fei
nsur
ancepol
i
cy“
Ethi
opi
anbar
rev
iew,vol
1,no1,2006,
pp61

7 Sou
1. r
ceofdat
a
theresear
chcont
ainbothprimaryandsecondaryinputfor
conducti
ng t
he r
esearch and bot
h data gat
hered from
l
ibrar
y.
1.
7.1 Pr
imar
ydat
a
Thepri
marydat
aincl
udetheFDREci
vi
landcommer
cial
codeandpr
ocl
amati
onar
eused.

1.
7.2 Secondar
ydat
a
Theresear
chdatausedinther
esear
chpaperi
ncl
uud,
Art
icl
es,
codes,
andbooks.

1.
7Reaser
chMet
hodol
ogy

1.
7.1Resear
chDesi
gn

This Reaserch wi l
lbe empl oyed by the qualit
ative Reaser ch
approach thi
si ssi nceReaserch willbeanaly zed byst atutory
provi
sion.Additi
onallyt
heReaserchquest i
onwillnotbedescr i
bed
i
nnumber .Rather,i
twantst oshowt heextentofl egalprotecti
on
forempl oyee,so as t o notar bi
trar
il
yt er
mi natef rom t heir
employ ment.

９
1.
7.2Resear
chmet
hod

This st udy i
s purel
y doct ri
nal,descr i
pti
ve,analyticaland I t
describes aboutinsurance particul
arl
y aboutl i
feI nsurancet
he
researcherusesl egi
slati
on I.
e.commer cialcode,ci vi
lcodeof
Ethiopiaandotherfor
eignst at
utesandj udgments.Italsoanalysi
s
theexistingl
awaboutlifeinsuranceandcour tdeci
sions.

1.
8Or
gani
zat
ionoft
hest
udy

Thest udycompr isesonl yonechapt er

s.Thi schapt eris
aboutbackgr oundandessent i
alst r
uctur
eoft hest udy
i
ncludi ng the objective,the mai n and suppl ement ary
quest i
ons, signifi
cance of t he st udy, Met hodology,
l
iteraturereview and ot hers,specifi
es the int roductory
remar k on lifei nsurance and t he benef i
ciary ofl i
fe
Insurance mor eov er
,t he chapt er also pr ovide t he
definit
ionandt ypeofl i
feInsurance.andal soanal ysi
sof
adequacyofexi ti
ngcommer ci
alandci vi
lcodeandot her
statutesingov erningthebenef ici
aryoflif
ei nsur ancewi l
l
bedi scussed.

1.
9Li
mit
ati
onoft
hest
udy
The resear
cher i
s doing thi
s proposal f
ace many
tr
ibul
ati
onofcomfor
ts.Amongthi
s:
✔ Theti
mer estr
ainaff
ectedmeast herei
snor
malcl
ass
andot
hercoursesthatneedsdeepr
eading.
✔ AsIam unf
ami
li
arwit
hthiscour
seandwedidnotknow
deepl
yaboutl
awcour
seitbecomesanot
herchal
l
enge.

１０
1.
10Scopeoft
hest
udy

Thest udyfocusonl i
feInsuranceingeneralbenef
ici
aryofl
i
fe
i
nsuranceinparti
cul
arinlinewiththecommer ci
alcodeandci
vil
codeofEthi
opiaandlegi
slati
onthatgov
ernthisi
ssue.

1.
11Ti
mef
rame

Theproposalspenttwomont
hsindoi
ngthisresear
ch.onemonth
fordat
acollect
ion,t
woweekf
ordataanal
ysi
s,
twoweekf orwr
it
ing
resear
chproposal.

 Dat
acol
lecti
on………………. .
.50%
 Dat
aanalysi
s…………………..25%
 Wri
ti
ngresearchpr
oposal…….
25%
1.
12Bi
bli
ogr
aphy

BOOKS

1.
A.Mohamed, ”l
awofsuccessiondistanceprogr
am” ,Bahirdaruniv
ersity,Bahir
dar.
2.
D.Mell
eseandK.Sol omon, awofsuccessi
”l onteachingmat eri
al”,j
usticeandlegal
syst
em r
esearchinst
it
ute,
2009
LAWS
1Theciv
ilcodeofempi r
eofEthiopi
a,negari
tgazeta,19thyear,pr
ocno. 165/1960.

2 The commer
cialcode ofempi
re ofEt
hi a,negar
opi itgazet
a,19th y
ear
,pr
oc
no.
166/
1960.

JOURNAL

1E.Desalegn,“somei ssuerelat
ingtoli
feinsuranceunderEt
hiopi
acommercialcode,
Journal
ofAf r
icalaw,Vol 52,No2,2008
2Y.Her oui
,“hedet
t erminati
onofbenef i
ciaryoflif
einsur
ancepoli
cy“
,Et
hiopianBar
rev
iew,Vol1,No1, 2006,pp61

１１