Pee1l Preliminary Report Exp#1

Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• PEE1L-M
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
LABORATORY
Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

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LABORATORY
PRELIMINARY REPORT
EXPERIMENT ONE
Introduction to Electrical Measurements & Resistor Color Coding
TABLE 1.1 RESISTOR COLOR CODE CHART

COLOR SIGNIFICANT MULTIPLIER TOLERANCE
FIGURE
BLACK 0 1 -
BROWN 1 10 -
RED 2 100 -
ORANGE 3 1000 -
YELLOW 4 10000 -
GREEN 5 100000 -
BLUE 6 1000000 -
VIOLET 7 10000000 -
GRAY 8 100000000 -
WHITE 9 1000000000 -
GOLD - 0.1 ±5%
SILVER - 0.01 ±10%
NO COLOR - - ±20%
Figure 1.4 EXPERIMENTAL CIRCUIT
EXPERIMENT RESULTS
I. DATA AND RESULTS
TABLE 1.2
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RESISTOR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1st color 4 = YELLOW GREEN = 5 WHITE = 9 BROWN = BROWN = 1 RED = 2 ORANGE ORANGE
1 =3 =3
2nd color 7 = VIOLET RED = 2 VIOLET = 7 GREEN = 5 BLACK = 0 RED = 2 WHITE = 9 ORANGE =
3
3rd color ORANGE = GOLD = BLACK = GRAY = 8 BROWN = YELLOW = BROWN = BROWN =
x 1000 Ω x 0.1 Ω x1Ω x 10 Ω X 10,000 Ω X 10 X 10
4th color SILVER =
X 0.01 Ω
tolerance ± 5% ± 10% ± 20% ± 2% ± 5% ± 5% ± 10% ± 5%
GOLD SILVER N/A RED GOLD GOLD Silver GOLD
coded 47 kΩ 5.2 Ω 97 Ω 1.58 Ω 100 Ω 220 kΩ 390Ω 330Ω
value
Range: Range: Range: Range: Range: Range: Range: Range:
44.65 k Ω to 4.68 Ω to 77.6 Ω to 1.55 Ω to 95 Ω to 209 kΩ to 351Ω to 313.5 Ω to
49.35 k Ω 5.72 Ω 116.4 Ω 1.61 Ω 105Ω 231 kΩ 429Ω 346.5 Ω
measured 350 Ω 296 Ω
values
% 10.81% 10.86%
Difference
TABLE 1.3
STEP POTENTIOMETER Rab Rbc Rca Rac + Rbc
SETTING Computed Value
1 vary over its range 9.65k Ω X X X
2 Completely CCW X .05k Ω 9.72k Ω 9.77 kΩ
3 CCW TO CW X 0.02k Ω 9.78k Ω 9.80 kΩ
4 ¼ CW X 9.45k Ω 0.37 kΩ 9.82 kΩ
5 ¾ CW X 6.37k Ω 3.39k Ω 9.76 kΩ
TABLE 1.4
RESISTANCE 47 kΩ 5.2 Ω 97 Ω 1.58 Ω 100 Ω 220 kΩ 390 330 Ω
VOLTAGE 20V 20V 20V 20V 20V 20V 20V 20V

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CURRENT 425.53 uA or 3.85 206.19 12.66A 0.2A 90.9 μA or 51.28mA 60.61mA
0.0004255319 A mA Or 0.0000909091 A
A 200mA
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF TABLE 1.4
RESISTOR 1 RESISTOR 2

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RESISTOR 4
RESISTOR 3

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II. COMPUTATIONS
FOR TABLE 1.2

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FOR TABLE 1.4

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III. CONCLUSION
In this experiment, we learned how to determine the value of resistors by evaluating the value of color bands in
the resistor with the help of a color code chart. During the experiment we experience problems, however, analyzing
and researching the resistors helps to overcome the struggle. Unfortunately, we are in a pandemic so there are parts
of the experiment that we can't solve because there is a lack of tools like a multimeter to know the measured value of
a resistor. Moreover, we learned how to measure Potentiometer, the experiment shows that the value of Resistor A
and B(RAB) ranges from 9.65 to 9.67; A and C (RAC) shows different value depending on the rotation, and B and C
(RBC) value varies depends also on the rotation. After that, we solve their Computed value, and as mentioned there
are conditions such as the potentiometer being in a clockwise position, Counterclockwise, 1/4clockwise, and lastly ¾
clockwise.
Furthermore, we solve the value of current, and voltage in table 1.4 by using Ohm’s Law. The value of voltage is
already given, so current is the only value computed. As a result, the current in R1 = 425.52 μA; R2 = 3.85A; R3 =
206.19mA; R4 = 12.66A, R5 = 0.2A; R6 = 90μA; R7 = 51.28mA; and R8 = 60.61mA. Lastly, we learned a lot in this
experiment, but we can't fully expand our knowledge because of our lack of actual experiment resistors and the
experience to understand how to measure a resistor. Although overall, it was still helpful for the improvement of our
knowledge about the resistor.
To conclude, our addition/recommendation for the improvement of this experiment is to have an actual
experiment so we can gain experience and helps for improvement of the students when it comes to field work.
However, since we are in a pandemic, this should be done with limited students.

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LABORATORY
IV. GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. Give the color code of the following carbon resistors.

a. 0.73-ohm = VIOLET – ORANGE – SILVER
b. 490 ohms = YELLOW – WHITE – BROWN
c. 5.6 ohms = GREEN – BLUE – GOLD
d. 62,000 ohms = BLUE – RED – ORANGE
2. An ammeter and a voltmeter of suitable ranges are to be used to measure the current and voltage of an
electric lamp. If mistakes were made and meters interchanged, what will happen?
Ans:
An ammeter is generally used for measuring current on a circuit that's why it has low
resistance and is connected in a series circuit. In contrast, a voltmeter is used to measure voltage, has high
resistance, and is used on a parallel connection. Moreover, if the ammeter is used to measure voltage and is
connected to a parallel circuit the the ammeter will be damaged and a short circuit may occur. Furthermore,
a voltmeter is used to measure current and connect to series, the current measured will be zero and the
reading of the voltmeter will be zero due to its high resistance.
3. An ammeter has a resistance of 0.0075 Ω reads up to 15 A. What resistance shunt is needed to make a full-
scale deflection of 150 A?
4. A 50-mV meter has a resistance of 10 Ω. A multiplier has been inserted to produce a voltmeter of range 5 V.
How can the multiplier be modified so that the new meter will have a range of 15 V?

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LABORATORY
5. How does a potentiometer differ from rheostat?
Ans:
Potentiometers have a three-terminal resistor that allows us to change the resistance, the middle of the
terminal resistor is called an output with the wiper so you can turn the knob to change the resistance into zero to
maximum resistance. A potentiometer works as a rheostat, voltage divider, also its function is to adjust the speed of
a motor, the loudness of music coming out in the amplifier system, and frequency. Moreover, examples are applied in
television to adjust the volume and joysticks. Meanwhile, Rheostats are used for handling much higher voltage and
currents and have two terminals and a moveable wiper that can change the resistance

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Republic of the Philippines

Technological University of the Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

TABLE 1.1 RESISTOR COLOR CODE CHART

Figure 1.4 EXPERIMENTAL CIRCUIT

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF TABLE 1.4

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

FOR TABLE 1.2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

1. Give the color code of the following carbon resistors.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

5. How does a potentiometer differ from rheostat?

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

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