Keragaan Indikator Ekonomi Nasional

Economic Growth
Video
 GDP Growth of Several Trading Partners (%)

• The economies of several of Indonesia's trading partners have

contracted as a result of mobility restrictions and lockdowns to
control the spread of COVID-19

Source: BPS (2020)

Quarterly GDP Growth YoY(%)

Quarterly GDP Growth QoQ(%)

Source: BPS (2020)

▪ Describe the economic performance of a
country
▪ Allows more to be produced
▪ Allows more goods / services to be consumed
▪ Allows increasing the standard of living Improvement
▪ Allows increasing the "tricle down effect" Welfare
(through the distribution of income from
taxes)
 Goods

• Development of economic activity that

causes goods and services produced to
increase.
B
• The process of increasing the production G2
A
capacity of an economy which is G1 B
manifested in the form of an increase in
national income
• Measuring economic progress as a result
of national development.
• Increase in real GDP. S1 S2 S2 Services
Natural Resources

Investasi Human Capital

Investasi Capital Goods

Entrepreneurship
GDP vs GNP

GDP Per Capita

Nominal vs Real GDP

Potential vs Actual GDP

• GNP is the total value of all
goods and services produced
from the production factors
owned by residents of a
country wherever they are
➢GDP measures the total
output of a country
produced by every
economic agent in a
country
➢GDP measures the total
market value of output
produced in a country
➢Output in a market
economy is not a
measurement of well-
being or happiness.
 GDP per Capita of Indonesia and Developed

❑ GDP ÷ population
Countries , 2015-2020* (US$)
60000

❑ Average income level in

49670
50000 47970 48250
45560
42960 43870

a country 40000

❑ Not a distribution of
30000

20000

income 10000
3370 3610 3880 3870 4160 4460

0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020*

negara maju (US$) indonesia (US$)

Source : IMF 2020

 Nominal GDP
Value of finished goods and
services as measured by
current prices
Changes caused by:
Change in the quantity of
physical output
changes in the market price
of the commodity produced.
Real GDP
The measured value of
finished goods and services
as measured by constant
prices
Change caused by quantity
of physical output
❖ Measures the price of
output relative to its price
in the base year.
Nominal GDP/ Real GDP
❖ Reflects what is happening
at all price levels in the
economy.
If it is assumed that a country in 2016
produced goods and services in the form of
100 kg of apples and 200 kg of oranges
35000/kg 50000/kg
Nominal GDP of Country A in 2016
GDP 2016 = (Price of apples 2016  Quantity of
apples 2016) + (Price of oranges 2016 
Quantity of oranges 2016)
= (Rp 35.000 100) + Rp 50.000  200)
= Rp 3.500.000 + Rp 10.000.000
GDP Country A = Rp 13.500.000
The quantity of apples and oranges in
2017 is 200 kg and 300 kg
50000/kg
60000/kg
Nominal GDP of Country A in 2017
GDP2017 = (Price of Apples2017  Quantity of
Apples2017) + (Price of Oranges2017 
Quantity of Oranges2017)
= (Rp 50.000 200) + Rp 60.000  300)
= Rp 10.000.000 + Rp 18.000.000
GDP Negara A2017 = Rp 28.000.000
Real GDP → GDP calculation uses base year prices
For example, suppose we want to compare the output in 2016 and 2017, 50000/kg
we choose base-year prices, for example, 2016 prices. 60000/kg

The quantities of apples and oranges in 2017 are 200 kg and 300 kg, then:
GDP riil in 2017 :
(Price of Apple2016  Quantity of Apple2017) + (Price of Orange2016  Quantity of Orange2017).
(Rp 35.000 x 200 kg)+(Rp 50.000 x 300 kg) = Rp 7.000.000 + Rp. 15.000.000 = Rp 22.000.000
GDP riil in 2016 :
(Price of Apple2016  Quantity of Apple2016) + (Price of Orange2016  Quantity of Orange2016).
(Rp 35.000 x 100 kg)+(Rp 50.000 x 200 kg) = Rp 3.500.000 + Rp 10.000.000 = Rp 13.500.000

2016 prices are used to calculate real GDP for all of the above years. Because prices are held
constant from year to year, real GDP varies only when the quantities produced differ.
 Potential GDP Actual GDP
generated at full employment that's actually generated

➢ GDP gap: potential GDP - actual GDP

➢ GDP gap gives an indication of the size of the unemployment rate.
➢ GDP gap / negative gap occurs when full employment and resource utilization is
higher than normal
➢ GDP gap / positive gap: economic sluggish (contraction), high unemployment,
resources have not been used optimally.
 Domestic
1) Value Added households

Approach
Financial
2) Expenditure System
Abroad
Approach
Government
3) Income Approach

Domestic
producers
➢The value added approach arises because of
the problem of double counting related to the
intermediate and final goods, so that the
results obtained are higher than the actual
value.
➢Intermediate good: A firm's output that is used
as input by other firms
➢Final good: Products that are directly
consumed
➢ Value Added = Output Value - Input Value
➢ National income is the sum of value added
 Y = C + I + G + NX
consisting Investment (business
Demand of
and HHs) Net Export or
domestic
output Net Foreign
Household Consumption
(GDP) Government Demand
(Consumer durables,
Consumer nondurables, Expenditure
Services) (national,
regional)

This stands as national income accounts identity.

 The Component of GDP based on Expenditure Approach*

Household Consumption
Konsumsi Rumah Tangga 56.82

Gross Pembentukan
Fixed Capital Formation
Modal Tetap Bruto 32.17

Export of Goods and

Ekspor Services
Barang dan Jasa 18.48

Government Expenditure
Konsumsi Pemerintah 6.35

Inventori
Investment 2.89

Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households

LNPRT 1.36

-18.74 Imporof Barang

Import Goods anddan Jasa
Services

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Statistics Indonesia, 2019
 Triwulan I
Komponen GDP 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
(2020)
1.
a. Pengeluaran
Makanan danKonsumsi
Minuman,Rumahtangga
Selain 5,915.19 6,490.93 7,027.02 7,623.06 8,274.21 8,965.84 2,280.54
Restoran
b. Pakaian, Alas Kaki dan Jasa 2,247.45 2,495.43 2,759.33 2,986.88 3,255.95 3,529.89 930.68
Perawatannya
c. Perumahan dan Perlengkapan 221.63 239.64 256.95 273.62 296.09 321.70 78.04
Rumahtangga 774.87 849.31 902.68 980.39 1,060.52 1,144.78 294.99
d. Kesehatan dan Pendidikan 394.27 433.07 473.14 515.13 558.97 616.50 163.93
e. Transportasi dan Komunikasi 1,420.29 1,518.75 1,597.64 1,748.91 1,894.01 2,042.27 480.17
f. Restoran dan Hotel 570.46 636.96 695.94 755.58 826.23 903.98 227.01
g. Lainnya 286.22 317.75 341.34 362.55 382.45 406.71 105.72
2. Pengeluaran Konsumsi LNPRT 124.24 130.95 144.50 160.59 180.82 206.01 50.31
3. Pengeluaran Konsumsi Pemerintah 996.20 1,123.75 1,181.61 1,239.47 1,336.61 1,385.88 254.90

GDP from
a. Konsumsi Kolektif 622.77 691.75 731.39 761.30 817.85 857.78 153.51
b. Konsumsi Individu
4. Pembentukan Modal Tetap Domestik 373.42 432.00 450.22 478.17 518.76 528.10 101.38
Bruto 3,436.92 3,782.01 4,040.20 4,370.57 4,789.38 5,119.49 1,251.74
Expenditure Side: a. Bangunan
b. Mesin dan Perlengkapan
2,569.12
357.55
2,844.11
377.47
3,037.24
364.80
3,283.44
405.94
3,566.93
498.44
3,841.45
543.30
950.56
123.80

based on current c. Kendaraan

d. Peralatan Lainnya
163.61
49.22
173.85
59.04
208.13
68.92
233.93
77.50
258.97
85.90
253.82
84.94
64.49
20.90

price (Trillion e. CBR

f. Produk Kekayaan Intelektual
201.68
95.75
225.52
102.02
246.68
114.43
254.66
115.10
262.70
116.44
276.86
119.12
62.75
29.23

rupiah) 5. Perubahan Inventori

6. Ekspor Barang dan Jasa
220.23
2,501.42
144.18
2,438.99
158.87
2,367.37
210.64
2,742.06
338.63
3,111.92
226.92
2,914.64
88.33
683.60
a. Barang 2,223.34 2,131.56 2,039.59 2,386.70 2,708.68 2,500.98 600.74
a.1. Barang Non-migas 1,869.26 1,884.92 1,865.99 2,177.01 2,465.17 2,324.59 566.74
a.b. Barang migas 354.08 246.64 173.60 209.69 243.52 176.39 33.99
b. Jasa 278.08 307.43 327.77 355.36 403.24 413.65 82.87
7. Dikurangi Impor Barang dan Jasa 2,580.51 2,394.88 2,273.53 2,606.28 3,268.84 2,991.96 689.06
a. Barang 2,177.25 1,963.46 1,851.97 2,154.43 2,753.48 2,469.83 575.14
a.1. Barang Non-migas 1,652.23 1,625.14 1,596.40 1,820.68 2,317.27 2,153.15 500.19
a.b. Barang migas 525.02 338.32 255.57 333.75 436.21 316.67 74.95
b. Jasa 403.26 431.42 421.56 451.85 515.36 522.14 113.92
Diskrepansi Statistik (44.00) (189.60) (244.31) (150.28) 75.57 7.13 2.24
Source: BPS (2020)
8. PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO 10,569.71 11,526.33 12,401.73 13,589.83 14,838.31 15,833.94 3,922.61
 Triwulan I
GDP 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
(2020)

GDP from Expenditure Side: 1.

a. Pengeluaran
Makanan danKonsumsi
Restoran
Minuman,Rumahtangga
Selain
b. Pakaian, Alas Kaki dan Jasa
Perawatannya
4,651.02
1,685.18
190.37
4,881.63
1,776.30
198.73
5,126.31
1,871.19
205.41
5,379.63
1,969.26
212.35
5,651.45
2,072.12
221.47
5,936.40
2,179.12
230.92
1,483.59
557.74
54.73
c. Perumahan dan Perlengkapan
based on constant price 2010 Rumahtangga
d. Kesehatan dan Pendidikan
636.22
318.15
666.81
335.48
698.00
353.82
727.24
373.13
760.93
391.79
796.38
417.64
202.97
108.94

(Trillion rupiah) e. Transportasi dan Komunikasi

f. Restoran dan Hotel
1,148.30
430.25
1,203.22
451.79
1,266.17
476.36
1,334.37
502.07
1,407.37
530.34
1,474.69
561.97
350.63
138.49
g. Lainnya 242.54 249.30 255.34 261.21 267.43 275.69 70.09
2. Pengeluaran Konsumsi LNPRT 99.42 98.80 105.36 112.66 122.92 135.97 32.65
3. Pengeluaran Konsumsi Pemerintah 736.28 775.40 774.30 790.76 828.68 855.60 159.40
a. Konsumsi Kolektif 459.60 476.83 477.67 485.46 506.71 530.22 96.59
b. Konsumsi Individu
4. Pembentukan Modal Tetap Domestik 276.69 298.57 296.64 305.30 321.98 325.38 62.81
Bruto 2,772.47 2,911.36 3,041.58 3,228.76 3,443.24 3,596.36 876.32
a. Bangunan 2,040.39 2,165.14 2,277.21 2,419.27 2,550.27 2,687.30 663.12
b. Mesin dan Perlengkapan 300.15 301.91 281.72 308.54 368.82 387.00 87.88
c. Kendaraan 152.09 152.89 171.28 186.46 202.69 193.52 48.64
d. Peralatan Lainnya 40.91 44.89 50.69 55.38 59.91 58.11 14.36
e. CBR 160.30 166.13 174.09 175.83 179.39 188.45 43.49
f. Produk Kekayaan Intelektual 78.62 80.41 86.60 83.28 82.16 81.97 18.84
5. Perubahan Inventori 163.58 112.85 133.40 126.88 197.37 129.95 50.55
6. Ekspor Barang dan Jasa 2,047.89 2,004.47 1,971.18 2,146.56 2,287.09 2,267.12 546.46
a. Barang 1,842.73 1,797.13 1,752.86 1,915.74 2,038.15 2,018.13 498.81
a.1. Barang Non-migas 1,607.81 1,538.13 1,506.59 1,664.74 1,804.91 1,826.64 453.68
a.b. Barang migas 234.92 259.00 246.27 251.00 233.24 191.48 45.13
b. Jasa 205.16 207.33 218.32 230.83 248.94 248.99 47.65
7. Dikurangi Impor Barang dan Jasa 1,987.11 1,862.94 1,818.13 1,964.82 2,198.26 2,029.28 473.15
a. Barang 1,704.44 1,596.17 1,558.34 1,694.41 1,915.84 1,746.59 412.28
a.1. Barang Non-migas 1,377.90 1,272.09 1,237.47 1,355.50 1,585.15 1,475.45 343.49
a.b. Barang migas 326.54 324.08 320.87 338.91 330.69 271.14 68.79
b. Jasa 282.67 266.77 259.79 270.41 282.42 282.69 60.87
Diskrepansi Statistik 81.32 60.96 100.60 92.49 92.90 57.12 27.25
Source: BPS (2020)
8. PRODUK DOMESTIK BRUTO 8,564.87 8,982.52 9,434.61 9,912.93 10,425.40 10,949.24 2,703.07
 GDP ≈ W + R + I + P
➢ Interest is obtained by those who lend
➢ The Four Components of Income:
money to firms, and profits are ➢Wages and salaries: payment for labor
obtained by those who own firms. ➢Rent: fees for land services and other leased
factors
➢ Part of the profit is paid out as dividend
➢Interest (interest), capital
to the owners of the firms (distributed
profit), the rest is retained for use by ➢Profit: effort (entrepreneur)
the firms (undistributed profit).
GDP Structure and Growth by Industry in Quarter I-2020 (Y-on-y): 2.97%
GDP Structure (%) GDP Growth (%)

Source: BPS (2020)

Activities which are not included in the National Income computation

1. Illegal Activities: drugs, gambling

2. Unreported Activities: Workers paid but not reported
3. Non-Marketed Economic Activities: cooking activities (household
activities); farmers harvest and consume vegetables in their own
garden
4. Factors Affecting Human Welfare, But Not Included in the Output
Value: children visiting their parents' house, recreation
 Thank You
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Department of Economics | Faculty of Economics and Management
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