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$R6453YS
$R6453YS
Ch.1 : Measurement
Physical Quantities Quantities which can be measured
Base Quantities Quantities which cannot be derived in terms of other physical quantities
Quantities which can be derived from base quantities by multiplication or division or both
Derived Quantities
operations
Scalar Quantities Quantities which have only magnitude
The shortest distance between the initial position and final position in a
Displacement
specific direction
Speed Rate of change of distance travelled
Free Fall A condition where an object falls due to gravitational pull only
Inertia The tendency of an object to oppose any changes to its original state
Newton’s First Law of Motion An object will remain at rest or move at uniform velocity in straight line unless
(Law of Inertia) acted by an external force
Momentum Product of mass and velocity
Principle of Conservation of
Total momentum of a system is conserved if there is no external force
Momentum
Newton’s Second Law of Rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force and acts in
Motion (Momentum) the direction of the applied force
Newton’s Third Law of Motion For every action, there is a reaction force of equal magnitude but act in
(Impulsive Force) opposite direction
Definitions 1
Ch. 3 : Gravitation
Newton’s The gravitational force between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of the
Universal Law of massed of both bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the
Gravitation centres of the two bodies
Centripetal For a body in circular motion, a force acts on the body in a direction towards the centre of
Force the circle
Kepler’s First
Law (Law of All planets move in elliptical orbit with the Sun at one focus
Orbits)
Kepler’s Second
Law (Law of A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.
Areas)
Kepler’s Third
The square of the orbital period of any planet is directly proportional to the cube of the
Law (Law of
radius of its orbit
Periods)
Geostationary
The satellite that is always above the same geographical location when view from the Earth
Satellite
Non-
The satellite that is always above different geographical location at different times when
Geostationary
view from the Earth
Satellite
The minimum velocity needed by an object on the surface of the Earth to overcome the
Escape Velocity
gravitational force and escape to outer space
Ch. 4 : Heat
Heat A type of energy that flow from high temperature to low temperature object
Thermal A situation where two objects in thermal contact having the same temperature and the net
Equilibrium heat flow between the two objects is zero
Heat Capacity Quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of the object by 1°C
Specific Heat
Quantity of heat needed to change the temperature of 1kg mass of the substance by 1°C
Capacity
Definitions 2