HABIT OF USING VAPE CIGARETTE

AMONG MALE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT

IN MALIGAYA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 Chapter 1

Background of the study

Although conventional cigarette smoking has declined markedly over the past several
decades among youth and young adults in the united states (U.S Department of health
and human services [USDHHS] 2012), there have been substantial increases in the use
of emerging tobacco products among the populations in the recent years (centers for
disease control and prevention [CDC] 2015c). Among these increases has been a
dramatic rise in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among youth and young adult. It is
crucial that the progress made in reducing cigarette smoking among youth and young
adults not be compromised by the initiation and use of e-cigarette. This surgeon
general’s report focuses in the history, epidemiology, and health effects of e-cigarette
use among youth and young adults; the companies involved with marketing and
promoting this product; and existing and proposed public health policies regarding the
use of these products by youth and young adults. E-cigarette include a diverse group of
devices that allows user to inhale an aerosol, which typically contains nicotine,
flavorings, and other additive. E-cigarettes vary widely in design and appearance, but
generally operate in a similar manner and are composed with similar component. A key
challenge for surveillance of the products and understanding their patterns of use and
diverse and nonstandard nomenclature for the devices (Alexandra et al.2016).

These devices are referred to, by the companies themselves, and by consumers, as “e-
cigarettes”, “e-cigs,” “cigalikes”, “e-hookahs,” “mods” “vape pins”, “vape”, and “tank
system.” In this report, the term “e-cigarette” is used to represent all of the various
products in the rapidly diversifying product category. The terms may differ by
geographic region or simply bye the prevailing preferences among young users. For
example, some refer to the pen style e-cigarettes as “hookah pens” or “vape pens”
(Richel 2014; Lempert et al. 2016). Photographs of an e-pipe, an e-cigar, large- and
medium- size tank devices and rechargeable and disposable e-cigarette. In recent
years, different organization such as the American cancer society (ADC), the centers of
disease control and prevention (CDC), and the world health organization(WHO) have
released statement and plans regarding the use of, and possible risks of electronic
cigarettes, also known as e-cigarette, mods ,vape pens, etc. Data released by the
national institute of drugs abuse started the teenagers in grade 8-12 are smoking e-
cigarette but have not smoke cigarette before. In addition, 66% of thos teenagers
reported that the liquid they are smoking are “just flavoring” (NIH 2016) According to the
ACS, although electronic cigarette are “less harmful” than smoking combustible
cigarette, its long-term effect are unknown. However, the CDC claims that use of e-
cigarettes is unsafe for teenagers and young adults because the nicotine within the liquid is
highly addicted and can harm adolescents brain development (CDC 2018). E-cigarettes are
devices that operate by heating a liquid solution to a high enough temperature so that it
produces an aerosol that is inhaled.

Solutions, sometimes called e-liquids, almost always include nicotine, flavoring and a
humectant, such as propylene glycol, to retain moisture and create the aerosol when
heated.While many of the flavorings and humectants used in e-liquids have been approved
by the Food and Drug Administration for oral consumption, they have not been approved
for inhalation. Thus, their health consequences are not well known when consumed in this
manner [See “Health Effects” section].There is growing evidence that using e-cigarettes
can harm lung health and puts users at greater risk of contracting COVID-19. A recent
study found that e-cigarette users are five times more likely to test positive for COVID-19
than those who do not use tobacco products, and that dual users of cigarettes and e-
cigarettes are nearly seven times more likely to test positive for the disease.In August
2019, cases of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI) sharply increased,
afflicting e-cigarette users with respiratory and other symptoms, peaking in September
2019. As of February 18, 2020, a total of 2,807 hospitalized EVALI cases had been
reported to the CDC in the U.S. with 68 cases resulting in deaths.Data from a February
2020 study linked EVALI cases to vitamin E acetate, an additive in THC-containing vaping
products. Vitamin E acetate was present in bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid in 48 out of
51 EVALI patients from 16 states, but it was not found in BAL fluid from the comparison
group of 99 healthy individuals. Because 82% of the cases with specific substance use
information available involved individuals who reported using THC-containing products, the
FDA has recommended that consumers avoid purchasing vaping products of any kind on
the street, using THC oil, or modifying store-bought products.

While cases of EVALI have decreased since the initial outbreak, the California Department
of Public Health reported eight cases of EVALI in April 2020, the first cases reported to
them since February 2020. The CDC states, “it is possible that more than one compound or
ingredient could be a cause of lung injury, and evidence is not yet sufficient to rule out
contribution of other toxicants.” It continues to advise non-smokers to avoid vaping of any
variety and especially products purchased “off the street.”Older generations of e-cigarettes
used a form of nicotine called free-base nicotine. The most recent generation of e-
cigarettes on the market, which include pre-filled pod systems like JUUL, refillable systems
like Suorin Drop and Kandypens, and disposable systems like Puff Bar, use nicotine salts
in the e-liquids.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Specifically, it aimed to:

 To determine the students profile about vape.

 To know what are the type of vape they use.

 To know what are the possible disease that they can get by using vape cigarette.

Statement of the problem

1.What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of:

a. Age

b. Strand

2.What are the type of vape they use?

3.What are the possible disease that you can get by using vape cigarette?

Significance of the study

This research study will be beneficial to the following:

Male students- This study will help male student’s become aware about the possible
disease that they can get by using vape cigarette

Parents- This study is helpful to the parents in terms of adjusting their parenting style.
This research will help parents become more aware about the bad habits of their
children.

Teachers- This study will help teacher’s become aware to the habit of their students.
With this, they can give some advice to stop their habit.

Operational definition of terms

Habit- A settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up

Vape cigarette- Is an electronic cigarette device that simulates tobacco smoking. It

consists of an atomizer, a power source such as battery, and an container such as
cartridge or tank.

Students- A person who is studying at a school.

Scope and Delimitation Of The Study

 This study is limited only to the habit of using vape cigarette among male of
senior high student in maligaya national high school.
 It will focus on the student and how they started using vape as their habit
 Only senior high school students of Maligaya National high school who are
habit the vape cigarette

Conceptual framework

Independent dependent

Habit of using vape experience of users

cigarette in vape cigarette
 CHAPTER II
Review of related literature

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in the united states and worldwide is increasing.
These devices closely mimic smoking of conventional cigarettes and can be use by
consumers as a substitute for their smoking and nicotine addiction. Reasons for their
popularity are that vendors of e-cigarettes have previously marketed their product as a
safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, and as possible smoking cessation tool.
Rather than inhaling harmful smoke from burning tobacco, users of electronic cigarette
inhale a potentially less harmful vaporized mist primarily consisting of propylene glycol,
nicotine, and water in a process referred to as vaping. Furthermore, the e-cigarette web
pages are full of anecdotal claims from ex-smokers on how e-cigarette helped them to
give up traditional cigarette in favor of these electronic devices. Government agencies
and the medical community are skeptical, indicating that there is not enough empirically-
derived evidence to substantiate such claims.

While vapin e-cigarette appear to do very little to abate nicotine addiction, and almost
certainly carry unknown potential dangers, its supporters believe it is a safer alternative
to smoking cigarettes, However, before e-cigarette and vaping can be considered as a
viable “harm reduction” clinical approach to smoking cessation, the medical community
must first face the challenges e-cigarette and vaping present to public health. For
example, what should the primary medical focus be for patient who has successfully
transitioned from conventional cigarette to e-cigarettes? Should it be to maintain
smoking abstinence or should it be to quit vaping? Would it not be prudent for a patient
who is unwilling to quit smoking or to give up nicotine to vape instead of smoking?
Given these circumstances, how should medical care providers advise their patients?
To affectively face these challenges, health care professionals need to become more
familiar with the existing evidence based. There is concern that e-cigarette use among
youth and young adults (YAs) may lead to future cigarette or other combustible tobacco
product use.

A synthesis of the literature on this topic is needed because existing longitudinal studies
are limited on number and not consistent in their conclusions. Introduced to the market
in 2004 with the claim that the user inhales harmless vapor [1], the e-cigarette is
marketed as a harm reduction product and has been proposed to be used as a smoking
cessation tool, however there is a lack of clinical studies to support either of those
effects [2].

Nearly two decades and four device generations later, there is growing scientific
evidence that e-cigarette users are inhaling a mixture of irritative, toxic and carcinogenic
compounds [3]. The device does not emit “side-stream smoke” as it is activated only by
the user’s inspiratory effort; it does however produce secondhand aerosol (SHA)
through the user’s exhalation [4]. SHA represents a documented source for passive
exposure of bystanders as it contains micro-particulate matter (PM 10 and PM2.5), volatile
organic compounds and various other toxicants [5].

Following years of regulatory discussions, suggested policies and directives, e-

cigarettes mainly targeting the youth continue to be underregulated especially outside
the EU and UK; the easy online purchase and the customizable device and e-liquid
mixture further complicate matters [6]. Regardless of their smoking status, adolescents
tend to experiment with the nicotine containing «gadget» which predisposes them to
addiction and smoking initiation [7]; e-cigarette users among high school students in the
USA increased from 11.7% in 2017, to 20.8% in 2018 [8].

While the possible long-term health implications remain to be determined, studies

showing immediate adverse health effects are mounting up. What has started as a
small scale of laboratory-based studies on cells, tissues, animals, and humans [9], has
evolved into a series of clinical case reports, including acute lung injury, poisoning,
allergies, explosion accidents, and burn injuries [10].

The first case of e-cigarette-related lung injury was a case of lipoid pneumonia
published in 2012 [11], furthermore from 2012 to 2015, 277 incidents of poisoning have
been reported to National Poison Centers of 10 EU MS [12] and similarly increased
poisoning incidents have been reported by US poison centers [13].

While in some countries, including the UK, the e-cigarette is used as a harm reduction
product to aid smoking cessation, the severity of the 2019 acute lung injury outbreak in
USA, mainly affecting adolescents and young adults was unanticipated. Having been
attributed the term E-Vaping Acute Lung Injury (EVALI), earlier named Vaping
Associated Lung Injury (VpALI) or Vaping Associated Pulmonary Injury (VAPI), and also
an International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 coding [14], the syndrome continues
to be under intense scientific scrutiny and diagnostic investigations, as the responsible
causal factor and the underlying injury mechanism is not yet clear. On October 2019 the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a report which called for
increased physician awareness, recommended the best approach of possible cases,
and set the following criteria for EVALI diagnosis: “Vaping” or “dabbing” within 90 days
prior to symptoms, pulmonary opacities on chest radiograph or ground-glass opacities
on chest computerized tomography (CT) scan, negative infectious and immunologic
panel, exclusion of alternative diagnoses [15,16]. CDC report issued in January 2020
showed that vitamin E acetate was identified as a possible causal factor for EVALI,
however the contribution of other chemicals is yet to be determined [17].

To the authors knowledge at the time of publication there are 7 reviews on e-cigarette-
related health effects and case reports, each specifically focusing on one aspect of the
e-cigarette-related injury: The respiratory effects [18,19], poisonings [20], burn injuries
[21,22], radiologic appearance of lung injuries [23], and histologic findings [24]. The
majority of those reviews were published before the 2019 e-cigarette-related injury
outbreak. The most integrated review including case reports referring to various organ-
systems was published in 2016 [10] prior to the recent outbreak and the most recent in
September 2019 [19] presenting mainly respiratory cases, toxicology of e-liquids, as
well as previous mainly laboratory based, in vitro, in vivo, and animal studies.

Considering the lack of an integrated up to date systematic literature review of clinical

cases expanding across all medical disciplines, the aim of the current review was to
collect all e-cigarette-related case reports for a comprehensive study and analysis,
followed by a critical synopsis of the proposed injury theories, in an attempt to better
understand the multifactorial process and possible mechanisms implicated in the
etiology of the e-cigarette-related illness and injury. Electronic cigarette (E-cig) use has
increased substantially among the young population, who adopt using E-cig for various
reasons. Our present study aimed to explore vaping preferences and reasons for using
E-cig among current users in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to assess physical
and psychological symptoms experienced while using E-cig during intermittent fasting.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 23 to May 22, 2020, to solicit
responses from current E-cig users in the UAE.

Data were collected about sociodemographic profile, tobacco cigarette smoking, vaping
preferences, reasons for use, and withdrawal symptoms during fasting in Ramadan. A
convenience sample of 591 adult E-cig users were initially recruited, of whom 392
participants with complete responses were included in our analysis.

The majority of participants were males (n = 275, 70.2%) and around 28.6% (n = 112)
were dual users. Vape tank/Box-mod was the most used type of E-cig (50.3%). Most of
the participants (n = 317; 80.9%) believed that E-cigs are less harmful than tobacco
cigarettes. During fasting time, around 46.2% (n = 181) of E-cig users have experienced
various physical symptoms, while 51.0% (n = 200) of users have experienced various
psychological symptoms. E-cig use is gaining popularity within the UAE after the recent
legalization as these devices are commonly advertised and claimed by manufacturers to
aid smoking cessation. The effectiveness of E-cig in aiding smoking cessation should
be investigated with a higher level of evidence, especially in a new context of usage as
the UAE, considering various types of devices, hundreds of E-liquid brands, and the
influence of concurrent poly-tobacco use.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared tobacco smoking as one of the
leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1], with a global number of tobacco
smokers exceeded one billion smokers [1, 2]. More than 80% of the world’s tobacco
smokers reside in low- and middle-income countries, where most tobacco-related
morbidity and mortality also occur [1]. Despite that number of smokers is declining in
some WHO regions, this is not the case in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR),
where the number of smokers is still rising at an alerting trend during the last two
decades [2, 3]. For instance, many countries in the EMR region have higher records of
smoking prevalence per day than the global average by 25% according to the age-
standardized prevalence of daily smoking, such as Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia,
and Turkey [2]. In the aforementioned countries, a significant number of people
commonly use various forms of smoking including conventional/combustible cigarettes,
waterpipe/hookah, and recently Electronic cigarettes (E-cig) [1,2,3,4].

E-cig is defined as a battery-powered device that heats a liquid (commonly referred to

as E-liquid or E-Juice) to produce aerosols to be inhaled by users; thus, imitating the act
of conventional smoking [5]. Popularly, E-cig users are called vapers and the process of
using an E-cig is called vaping. From a chemical perspective, the E-liquid is mainly
composed of solvents (glycerin, propylene glycol), nicotine, and flavoring chemicals [5],
although nicotine-free and unflavored E-liquids are also available in the global markets.
The presence of nicotine in the E-liquid makes it addictive with psychoactive effects on
users [6]. However, the safety of E-cigs is still uncertain and considered a global
concern among the scientific community with many debates [6,7,8].

E-cig manufacturers and merchants advertise and promote it as a less harmful product
compared to tobacco, due to the absence of many detrimental toxic substances that
present in conventional/combustible tobacco products [9]. Also, some studies have
demonstrated the ability of E-cig to be used as a tool for tobacco smoking cessation
[10]. On the other hand, the long-term outcomes of exposure to E-cig is a public health
concern for both, the public health decision-makers and health practitioners [6].

Ramadan is a holy month when Muslims refrain from food, fluids, and smoking for
around 16 h per day (total fasting hours in a day depends on sunrise and sunset times
in different countries). During this month, many smokers invest in these religious
moments and think about smoking cessation. As well, experts thought that Ramadan
could be an ideal time to get rid of harmful addictions such as smoking [11, 12].
However, during fasting time, smokers find it far easier to abstain from food and water
than to quit smoking [11]. Thus, quitting an addictive substance (i.e., nicotine) is not an
easy task due to withdrawal symptoms. Part of these withdrawal symptoms are
manageable, while others can affect daily life and psychological health [13, 14].

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a country in Western Asia at the northeast end of
the Arabian Peninsula, and Islam is the official religion of the country. In 2017, the UAE
population was estimated to be 9.3 million, of which 15% were Emirati citizens. More
than 200 nationalities are living and working in the country [15]. In the UAE, the
prevalence of tobacco smoking is 15.4% among males (above 15 years old) and 2.4%
among females (above 15 years old) [16]. Besides, a considerable number of smokers
in the UAE use different sources of nicotine such as tobacco cigarettes,
waterpipe/hookah, and Midwakh (a tobacco blend that is smoked using a small pipe of
Arabian origin, popularly in the UAE) [17].

There are many regulations to counter smoking in the UAE such as high tobacco tax,
restriction in licensing tobacco retailers, and banned smoking areas [18]. In contrary to
tobacco smoking, the E-cig use among the UAE population was not well addressed in
the literature. Therefore, our present study aimed (i) to explore vaping preferences and
reasons for using E-cig among current users/vapers in the UAE and, (ii) to assess the
experienced physiological and psychological withdrawal symptoms among E-cig users
during fasting time in the holy month of Ramadan. E-cigarettes were initially introduced
as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes, but marketing efforts may now
be exceeding these claims by associating e-cigarettes with words related to healthy
foods. These associations could mislead people to assume vaping is a healthy practice.
Tweets from January to March 2017 were obtained from the Twitter Streaming
Application Programming Interface (API) to assess content about vaping linked to
healthy food words. Tweets were classified into one of nine categories along with their
source (marketer vs. non-marketer). We content analyzed original English language
public postings on Twitter that included vaping-related keywords and at least one of
eight co-occurring healthy food-related labels (e.g., ‘natural,’ ‘vitamin,’ ‘vegan,’ and
‘organic’) (N = 1205). Chi-square analyses compared themes by message source.
Findings suggest vaping is being marketed in ways that could paradoxically lead
consumers to believe that e-cigarettes are health-enhancing. We found more tweets
representing vaping as health-enhancing (9%) than referring to it as a smoking-
cessation device (1%). The largest category of tweets referred to vaping
as harmless (28%) and therefore compatible with a healthy lifestyle. Tweets presenting
vaping as harmless or with a sensation theme were more likely to be authored by
marketers than by non-marketers. Food and drug regulation needs to be more vigilant
to prevent misleading advertising from e-cigarette marketers. During the
commercialization of electronic cigarettes, there were discussions in the popular media
that they were a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes and that they could
serve as a potential smoking cessation tool (Ayers et al., 2017; Grana & Ling, 2014).
However, the use of e-cigarettes has not been established as an evidence-based
smoking cessation strategy (Halpern et al., 2018) and long-term use of e-cigarettes
could cause harm (Etter,
2018; https://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/2016ecigarettes/index.html) so the main
American organizations combatting cancer (e.g., American Association for Cancer
Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology) do not recommend their use
(Tomashefski, 2016). Nevertheless, evidence has emerged suggesting that consumers
are not only perceiving e-cigarettes as healthier than combustible cigarettes (Kim,
Davis, Dohack, & Clark, 2017; Modesto-Lowe & Alvarado, 2017; Pepper & Brewer,
2014; Peters, Meshack, Lin, Hill, & Abughosh, 2013) but that they believe e-cigarettes
can help reduce symptoms of negative health and improve physical fitness (Pokhrel,
Herzog, Muranaka, & Fagan, 2015).
Some e-cigarette companies presently claim their devices deliver vitamins rather than
nicotine (Basáñez, Majmundar, Cruz, Allem, & Unger, In Review). Social media
platforms are advertising vaping devices with packaging/skins containing images of
salads or open avocados (https://www.itsaskin.com/products/juul-100-71?
variant=51366622100). Social influencers on YouTube are using names like “Absolute
Gourmet Organic” for e-juice reviews, and vaping product brands use names like Yogi E
Juice and e-juice flavors that include fruits and cereals as options
(https://www.instagram.com/p/Bg4p2l1l50i/?hl=en&taken-by=vape_organics).
It is unclear whether adolescents believe fruit flavored e-liquids actually contain health-
promoting ingredients but there is evidence indicating they prefer e-juice fruit flavors
more than any other flavors (Morean et al., 2018).

This is cause for concern because some e-liquid fruit flavors have been found to be
particularly cytotoxic (Leigh, Lawton, Hershberger, & Goniewicz, 2016; Ratajczak,
Feleszko, Smith, & Goniewicz, 2018).
Evaluative conditioning refers to the phenomenon of associative learning by which a
positive or negative attitude towards a well-known object or stimulus (e.g., vitamins)
becomes transferred to a second and lesser known stimulus (e.g., e-cigarettes) by
repeatedly pairing the two attitude objects. Because evaluative conditioning effects play
a large role in the development of attitudes (De Houwer, 2009; Walther & Langer, 2008)
it matters to monitor the implicit associations that marketers could be trying to cultivate
with regards to electronic cigarettes.

Over time, consumers could develop positive attitudes about e-cigarettes and vaping
products if they are frequently exposed to social media content in which these products
are associated with healthy foods.
There is a growing consumer appeal for foods with labels containing words like ‘organic’
or ‘natural’ (Bénard et al., 2018; Dyett, Sabaté, Haddad, Rajaram, & Shavlik, 2013). E-
cigarette marketers may be taking advantage of this opportunity by promoting their
products with ads that use such words, associating their products with foods
prototypically perceived as healthy. When consumers read that e-cigarettes are natural,
they might assume that the known risks associated with smoking are natural too
(McDaniel & Malone, 2007; Swanson, 1977) much like drowning is a risk associated
with swimming. In the past, tobacco companies have engaged in similar misleading
marketing practices to promote tobacco and menthol products by claiming they could
produce fresh and natural sensations (Anderson, 2011; Baig, Byron, Lazard, & Brewer,
2018; Epperson, Henriksen, & Prochaska, 2017; Gratale, Maloney, Sangalang, &
Cappella, 2017; Moran, Pierce, Weiger, Cunningham, & Sargent, 2017). If there is
systematic evidence that healthy food terms are now being used in advertising to
promote e-cigarettes, then such marketing practices would be a potential subject for
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation.

The 2009 Tobacco Control Act gave authority to the FDA to regulate false and
misleading statements in the marketing of tobacco products. In 2016, the Deeming Rule
expanded FDA's regulatory power by deeming that manufacturers of newly regulated
tobacco products need to receive marketing authorization from the FDA by first showing
that their products “meet the applicable public health standard set by the law”
(https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm506676.htm). The new rule
“lets the FDA regulate the products based on the most current scientific knowledge.”
Since there is presently no evidence that inhaling food flavors is health-enhancing or
even free of harm, the FDA should evaluate and then enforce regulation if
manufacturers and retailers are making false and misleading health claims.
One way to evaluate shared information about e-cigarettes is to monitor social media
platforms like Twitter – which in 2017 had approximately 328 million active monthly
users worldwide and is used regularly as a promotional tool by electronic cigarette
manufacturers and retailers (Chu et al., 2015; Chu, Allem, Cruz, & Unger,
2016; McCausland, Maycock, & Jancey, 2017). Compared with other platforms that rely
on images and music, Twitter is better known for its use of text, allowing a more
objective analysis of posted information.
Twitter makes it possible to observe comments expressed in a realistic/organic setting
(Abril, Szczypka, & Emery, 2017), so it is a useful platform to explore what
conversations about electronic cigarettes/vaping are being held in combination with
words related to healthy foods. Thus, we did a content analysis of tweets that contained
this kind of blend term.

Our goal was to specifically examine the following questions: (1) Are tweets in which
vaping is linked to healthy food descriptors (e.g., words ‘organic,’ ‘vegan’) generally
critical of e-cigarette smoking (e.g., ridiculing it) and trying to persuade traditional
smokers to use e-cigarettes to quit smoking, or conversely, are they representing
vaping as trendy, harmless/compatible with good health or health-enhancing? (2) Are
these healthy food descriptors being authored by marketers more often than by non-
marketers/general consumers? To answer these questions, we first classified tweets
using nine thematic categories and then determined if they were posted by marketers.

If the general public does not yet perceive vaping as a healthy food – in spite of
marketing efforts already promoting it as such
(https://www.fda.gov/tobaccoproducts/newsevents/ucm605729.htm; Basáñez et al.,
Under Review), then we can expect non-marketers to engage less in social media
conversations that disseminate those messages, compared with marketers. If marketers
are more likely to be the ones portraying e-cigarettes and vaping in association with
healthy foods, then this has implications for regulation. The FDA could not regulate
consumers' tweets but could regulate that the information being disseminated by
marketers and manufacturers adhere to evidence-based knowledge about the safety of
their products. Early detection of misleading marketing practices is an important
advantage for health communication specialists and health advocates wishing to deter
cigarette smoking as it can enable the delivery of effective and timely public health
interventions.
 Chapter III
Methodology
This chapter present the concepts and units of an intuitive choice of an
appropriate methodology to be used, research design, locale of the study, sampling
technique, research instrument, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment, and the
ethical consideration.

Research design

This study was made by the

means of quantitative methods
of researcher. The
researcher attempted to get the
answers to the aforementioned
problem and to justify
and satisfy the objectives of the
study. Likewise, it also
attempted to know the different
impact to their life style.
This study was made by the
means of quantitative methods
of researcher. The
researcher attempted to get the
answers to the aforementioned
problem and to justify
and satisfy the objectives of the
study. Likewise, it also
attempted to know the different
impact to their life style.
This study was made by the means of quantitative methods of researcher. The
researcher attempted to get the answers to the aforementioned problem and to justify
and satisfy the objectives of the study. Likewise, it also attempted to know the different
impact to their life style.

According to Sis
International Research (n.d.)
quantitative research is a
structured way of collecting
and analyzing data obtained
from different sources.
Quantitative research involves
the use of computational,
statistical, and mathematical
tools to derive results. It is
conclusive in its purpose as it
tries to quantify the problem
and understand how
prevalent it is by looking
for projectable results to a
larger
population.
According to Sis
International Research (n.d.)
quantitative research is a
structured way of collecting
and analyzing data obtained
from different sources.
Quantitative research involves
the use of computational,
statistical, and mathematical
tools to derive results. It is
conclusive in its purpose as it
tries to quantify the problem
and understand how
prevalent it is by looking
for projectable results to a
larger
population.
According to Sis International Research (n.d.) quantitative research is
A structured way of collecting and analyzing data obtained from different
sources.
Quantitative research involves the use of computational, statistical, and mathematical
tools to derive results. It is conclusive in its purpose as it tries to quantify the problem
and understand how prevalent it is by looking for projectable results to a
larger
population.
Qualitative research is generally more explorative, a type of research that is
dependent on the collection of verbal, behavioral or observational data that can
be
interpreted in a subjective manner.

Locale of the study

The study will be conducted at Maligaya National High School, Barangay Maligaya,
Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat.

Sampling Procedure

The researcher will be using non-random sampling particularly the convenience

sampling technique in selecting the participants. The respondents will be chosen based
on their availability to participate in the research survey.
Respondents of the study

The respondents of this study will be the Senior High School Students of Maligaya
National High School enrolled in the school year 2022-2023.

Research instrument

The questionnaire was used

as the main data-gathering
instrument. The
instrument to be prepared
focused on answering the
statement of the problem. The
positive and negative impact of
Oplan Rody. The questionnaire
contains of forty (40)
questions. T
The questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument. The
instrument to be prepared focused on answering the statement of the problem. Habit of
using vape cigarette of the grade 12 male students. The questionnaires will be

distributed to the respondents.

the data gathering instrument was structured as a scale ranging from 1-4.
Where in the (1) is strongly disagree, (2) is disagree, (3) is agree and the last one is (4)
strongly agree. This legend will help the researchers to analysis the result of conducting
date-gathering.

Data gathering
After establishing the validity and reliability on how gather-data, formulating
questions appropriate for the study and all doing necessary modification to the chosen
respondent. The thirty (30) copies of questionnaires distributed will be
successfully completed and returned. Thus their corresponding answer to the question

are kept in accordance with the agreement of the respondents and the researchers .

The data gathered will be organized and tabulated according to the result of the
statistical treatment done. In this stage, the service of a statistical
consultant was needed.
Statistical tool

For the analysis of the data and its interpretation, the statistical method that the
researchers will be using are the weighted average, the frequency distribution and the
percentage. For the statement of the problem number 1, frequency distribution will be
used since the data will be tallied. In the statement of the Problem number 2 and 3, the
statistical method to be used is weighted average and percentage.
2. Frequency, weighted mean
and ranking.
Weighted Mean. This tool was
used to provide answer to the
questions. T