Plumbing

Works
SITTIE AYRAH COSINGAN
OVERVIEW
Plumbing works is one of the requirements that comprises in building
design. This subject is intended for sanitar y purposes, drainage and
flood control of the building construction.
Plumbing is defined as the ar t and science of installing pipes, fixtures
and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to
dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids,gases and other
substances out of buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitar y way
to ensure the health and sanitation of life and proper ty.
Plumbing Materials
1. Cast iron pipe
2. Acid resistant cast iron pipe
3. Asbestos pipe
4. Bituminous fiber sewer pipe
5. Vitrified clay pipe
6. Lead pipe
7. Galvanized steel pipe
8. Galvanized wrought iron pipe
9. Brass pipe
10.Copper pipe
11.Plastic or synthetic pipe
12.Stainless steel pipe
The choice of the kind of pipe to be installed depends upon the
following considerations:

• Quality and durability.

• Resistance to external and internal contact with foreign
matters.
• Resistance to acid waste and other chemical elements that
will pass into it.
• Cost of materials and labor.
1. Cast Iron Pipe
For the past several
decades, the most popular
and generally specified
material for drainagesystem
in buildings is the cast iron
pipe. It is durable,
conveniently installed and
answers to the
most plumbing needs of all
types of buildings less than
25 storey high.
Cast Iron Pipes are of Two Types
• The SV type which is generally used for building
installation and,
• The XV type classified as extra duty pipe used
for underground installations.

Cast Iron Pipes has Four Varieties

1. Standard pipe
2. Single Hub pipe
3. Double hub pipe
4. Hubless pipe
 2. Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe
– is made from alloy of cast iron and
silicon. It is widely used in chemical
laboratories, industries and other
installations where acid wastes are
being discharge.

3. Asbestos Pipe
-is made of asbestos fibers and
Portland cement. The thickness of
the pipe is twice as that of the
standard cast iron pipe.
4. Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
- sewer pipe is the cheapest
among the sewer pipes. It is
sometimes recommended
for house sewer and for
septic tank installation.

5. Vitrified Clay Pipe

- is one of the oldest materials
used for sewer lines. It is made
out from clay, cast into length
of 75 centimeters treated with
glazing compound.
6. Lead Pipe
- is also one of the oldest
plumbing materials used by
the Egyptians, the Greeks
and the Roman builders as
soil and waste pipe.

7. Galvanized Steel Pipe

- pipe is made out from mild
steel, drawn through a die
and welded, cast into 6.00
meters long.
8. Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe
- Galvanized wrought iron pipe is better in
quality than the steel pipe for plumbing
installation.
Tests showed that wrought iron pipe is more
resistant to acid waste than the steel pipe.

9. Brass Pipe
- is one of the most expensive
types of pipe. This pipe is
made of an alloy or zinc and
copper mixed at 15% and 85%
proportion respectively.
10. Copper Pipe
- is a durable and extremely corrosive resistant material. It is easy to install
compared with other types of pipe.

Copper pipe is classified into three types, depending upon its wall
thickness.

1. The K type is the heaviest. It is suitable for underground installation.

2. The L type is lighter than the K type available in both the rigid and
flexible form. It is commonly used in residential water supply line and for
radiant heating installations.
3. The type M is the thinnest and available only in a rigid form. This type
of copper pipe is specially designed for small water supply lines and for
radiant heating installations.
11. Plastic or Synthetic Types of Plastic Synthetic Pipes
Pipes a. The Rigid type
- is a new concept in b. The Flexible type
the field of plumbing. It The Rigid Type of Plastic Pipes are:
was introduced in the 1. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Philippines at the early 2. Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
part of 70’s, although 3. Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC)
this type of materials 4. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
was developed in 5. Polypropylene (PP)
Germany in the mid 6. Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)
year of 1935. The Flexible Types are:
1. The polyethylene (PE)
2. The Polybutylene (PB)
Advantages of Plastic Pipe
1. Plastic pipe is more resistant to rust and corrosion.
2. Water conveyed by plastic pipe has no pipe tastes.
3. The extreme smooth interior surface prevents the build-up of scale, rust, and foreign material
that often impedes flow through metallic pipes.
4. There is no turbulence of water and therefore, has a minimum resistance to flow.
5. PVC pipe and fittings weighs about 1/5 of the metal pipe. They are easily and quickly installed
through solvent cementing.
6. Plastic pies are cast in longer length and easy to cut as well as to install.
7. The Polyethylene (PE) pipe is flexible material that weights about 1/8 as much as the steel pipe.
For instance, a 100 meters 25 mm diameter coil plastic pipe could be easily carried by one individual
compared with metal pipes having the same length and diameter which could be hardly carried by 5
persons.
8. PVC pipe can be connected to existing metal pipe using a threaded adapter.
9. PVC is virtually acid proof to any chemical used in recommended strengths around the home.
10. No special tools are needed for installing PVC except a rule to measure and a saw to cut.
11. The best reason at all: You can do it yourself.
Stainless Steel
Pipe
- is primarily used
in piping systems
for the transport
of fluids or gases.
Introduction

Plumbing drawing are prepared

to a very small-scale. Therefore
schematic symbols are used for
drawing plumbing lines, fixture
and other components a they
appear. These symbols are used
to show the type and location of
fixtures, valves, and other
plumbing devices.
Operational definition of terms:

Aluminum- is a lightweight but relatively strong metal often alloyed with

copper to increase hardness and strength.
Gate valve- is usually chosen for locations where is left completely open
most of the time because it offers the least resistance to the flow of water.
Diagrammatic layout – is used for drafting layout in architectural plans.
Nipples – are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends.
Plumbing – refers to the water supply and drainage of wastewaster sewage.
Plumbing system – refers to the supply pipes that carry fresh waste water
under pressure from a public water supply or individual wells to fixture.
Reducer- is used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
Scale layout – is used for drafting large pipes.
Pipes used for water line distribution systems may be classified as:
1. Steel and wrought iron pipe
2. Cast iron pipe
3. Seamless brass and copper pipe
4. Copper tubing
5. Special pipes such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), aluminum and stainless
steel pipes, and CPV’C (chlorinated polyvinyl Chloride) pipe.
Connections
1. Threaded connections
2. Soldered fittings
3. Connection by bolted flanges
4. Solvent cement weld connections
Common types of fittings
1. Screwed fittings
2. Welded joints
3. Flanged joints
4. Solder joints
5. Slip fittings (for plastic pipes)
Valves
1. Gate valves
2. Globe valves
3. Check valves
4. Pressure reducing valves
5. Safety valves
Kinds of fittings
1. Elbows – are used to change directions of pipelines either 90 degrees
or 45 degrees.
2. Tee – connects three pipes
3. Cross connects four pipes.
4. Couplings – are used to connect straight section pipes.
5. Reducers are used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
6. Nipples- are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends and
classified as close nipple and short nipple.
7. Cap- is used to close the end of a pipe.
8. Plug – is used to close an opening in a fitting
9. Bushing is used to reduce the size of an opening
10. Unions- are used to close systems and to connect pipes that are to be
dissembled occasionally.
Sanitary & Plumbing Symbols Legend / abbreviation
Water Closet WC
Vent At Ceiling VAC
Vent Stack Thru Roof VSTR
Cold Water Line CISP
Hot Water Line HWL
Concrete Drain Pipe CDP
Cast Iron Soil Pipe CISP
Down Spout DS
Cast Iron Vent Stack CISVS
Catch Basin CB
Junction Box JB
Water Meter WM
Galvanized Iron Pipe Water Line GIPWL
Cold Water Riser CWR
Cold Water Down Feed CWDF
Fire Line FL
Deck Drain DD
Canopy Drain CD
Sprinkle Riser SPR
Dry Stand Pipe Riser DSPR
Fire Hose Cabinet FHC
Lavatory LAV
Water Closet WC
Floor Drain FD
Clean Out CO
Double Branch Elbow DBL EL
Straight Cross STX
Plumbing System
1. Waste Drain
2. Waste Vents
3. Potable Water
4. Rain Water
Management