Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Social Management Framework - June 2021
Social Management Framework - June 2021
Social Management
Public Disclosure Authorized
Framework
Ministry of Irrigation
Sri Lanka
Public Disclosure Authorized
June 2021
Table of Conents
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
ANNEX VI: APPLICATION FORM FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM SAMPLE .....................140
List of Figures
List of Tables
Executive Summary
Introduction
Climate-related hazards pose a significant threat to economic and social development in Sri Lanka.
The 2019 Global Climate Risk Index Report, launched at the Climate Summit in Katowice (COP
24), ranks Sri Lanka second among the countries most affected by extreme weather events. During
the 2010 to 2018 period, 13.7 million people were affected by floods and 11.7 million by droughts.
Available data shows an increasing trend in the frequency of flood occurrences in many parts of Sri
Lanka, with 87 percent of Sri Lanka’s population living in moderate or severe hotspots1. Sri Lanka’s
economy is also severely affected by extreme weather events, and as per current estimates, by 2050,
potential impacts due to climate change are foreseen to lead to as much as 1.2 percent loss of annual
GDP.
To support the Government of Sri Lanka’s (GOSL) commitment and strategy relating to flood risk
mitigation and enhancing resilience in prioritized basins, a Climate Resilience Multi Phased
Programmatic Approach (CRes MPA) will be implemented in three Phases over a period of nine
years, with objectives as follows:
• Phase I - Flood Early Warning & Kelani Climate Resilience Project (US$ 93 M)
• Phase II - Kelani Climate Resilience Project -Reservoir 1(US$ 120 M)
• Phase III - Kelani Climate Resilience Project -Reservoir 2 (US$ 221 M)
It is envisaged that such a multi-phased approach will allow the GoSL to make required investments
capable of assuring protection up to a 1 in 100-year return period event in the Kelani basin while
allowing for greater adaptability through a forward-looking learning agenda.
Revised Phase I of the CRes MPA: Flood Early Warning and Kelani Climate Resilience Project
To improve: (i) warnings of high impact weather and hydrological hazards; and (ii) Kelani Basin multi-
purpose water infrastructure for climate resilience. Interventions under Phase I includes: (i) Forecasting
and Early Warning of High Impact Weather, Floods and Landslides (ii) Construction of Ambatale
1
South Asia’s Hotspots, The World Bank, Spring 2018
(https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28723/33179.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=)
ii
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Salinity Barrier and Preparatory Studies, (iii) Project Management and (iv) Contingency Emergency
Response.
Phase I Project of the CRes MPA has four main components and will be implemented over a period of
five years:
1. Forecasting and Early Warning of High Impact Weather, Floods and Landslides (US$ 50.0M)
2. Construction of Ambatale Salinity Barrier and Preparatory Studies (US$ 39.0M)
3. Project Management (US$ 4.0M)
4. Contingency Emergency Response Component
The original CRes MPA included the construction of flood embankments and pumping stations in
the Lower Kelani Basin in two tranches under Phase I and Phase II; the implementation of
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Tranche 1 works; the preparation of RAP for Tranche 2 works;
and the construction of lower Mundeni Aru flood mitigation measures under Phase III. During the
mission, the Government advised the Bank to drop these proposed investments due to fiscal issues,
although the Government might undertake these investments later when the fiscal situation becomes
favorable.
Thus, it was agreed to: (i) scale down the scope of Phase I project and the loan amount from US$ 310
million to US$ 93 million; and (ii) retain the MPA to enable the government to implement the
program in multiple tranches of World Bank financing. The revised scope for the restructured CRes
MPA as per the Government’s new investment priorities are: (a) modernization and
operationalization of the forecasting and early warning system for high impact weather, floods and
landslides; (b) replace the existing semi-permanent salinity barrier at Ambatale with a modern gated
iii
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
structure; (c) studies and designs necessary for comprehensive flood mitigation in Kelani basin
including two upstream reservoirs; and (d) construction of two multi-purpose reservoirs in upper
Kelani basin (Wee Oya and Upper Deraniyagala reservoirs) for mitigating floods, augmenting
drinking water supply to fast growing cities in the basin, and to augment the hydropower potential.
It is envisaged that the investments under Phase I Project will have to comply with the World Bank’s
Operational Policies, OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment), OP 4.11 (Physical Cultural Heritage),
and OP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement). Phase II will have to comply with the World Bank’s newly
introduced Environmental and Social Framework (ESF) and Environmental and Social Standards
(ESS). In addition to this SMF, a separate Environmental Assessment and Management Framework
(EAMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) have been prepared as part of the safeguards
instruments to be adopted under the Project.
Land use patterns: Colombo lies in the Kelani river basin and is the largest commercial and
administrative hub of the country. Significant climatic and topographic variation is observed
throughout the watershed resulting in entirely different land use systems. The upper catchment area
is more rural and is used primarily for plantation and agricultural land, and the lower catchment area
is built-up land with modern towns and cities. Notably, except for areas near Colombo, large scale
human settlement activities did not take place in this area for a long time due to flood risks; but this
situation has changed during the last three or four decades with the establishment of the Free Trade
iv
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Zone (FTZ) in the area, declaration of Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte as the Administrative Capital of
the country, and the construction of factories and warehouses surrounding the FTZ. Changes in land
use from agriculture to industrial, commercial, and residential activities, has mostly been haphazard
thus leading to heavy property damage even after a minor flood and other extreme weather events.
Socio-economic status of households: Of the population above 5 years of age, the majority
(approximately 97%) is educated and only 3% has no schooling/formal educational attainment. More
than 43% of the households derive their income from wage earnings, 4% from agriculture, and 54%
from nonagricultural activities. The average income in the project affected districts is higher than
the national average presumably due to the commercial and industrial activities in the area. Yet, 18%
of the total households in the impacted area are Samurudhi beneficiaries.
Gender and vulnerability: While the status of women, especially in terms of education attainment
and labor force participation rate in the project area is comparable to the national data, women are
more vulnerable to the consequences of natural disasters compared to men due to differences in
employment status, income, gendered social roles, social norms, and restrictions governing their
behavior. Likewise, vulnerable groups in the project area comprise of women-headed households,
persons below the poverty level, the unemployed population, population who did not attend schools,
differently abled population, children below four years old, and the elderly.
v
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Commercial, industrial, and other development activities: Altogether, there are 9,777 industries
and 2,666 registered commercial units in the impacted area of the Kelani River Basin. The river
basin is also famous for gem and sand mining and clay extraction, though most of these extractions,
particularly sand mining, are illegal and cause heavy damage to river embankments, the river bed,
and even to water extraction facilities. Major ongoing development interventions in the basin area
include flood protection works (dykes, bunds and gates), expansion of roads network, water intake
structures, urban housing schemes, and drainage systems.
However, construction of new infrastructure and the upgrading of existing ones under the CRes MPA
are likely to result in significant social impacts that will need to be mitigated during the design and
implementation phases of the investments. Phase I Project of the original CRes MPA involved
construction of embankmennts for which a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) was prepared and
disclosed in February 2019, and the land acquisition process initiated by issuing Section 2 of the
Land Acqsution Act. Following the decision to remove the construction of flood embankments from
CRes MPA until further notice, the land acqusiton process was annulled, and individual notifications
sent to affected households in June 2021. Accordingly, the revised scope of the Phase I Project of
the CRes MPA will only include construction of Ambatale Salinity Barrier which will not require
acqusiton of land.
Project interventions, including the construction of Wee Oya and Upper Deraniyagala reservoirs in
the mid-upper catchment, will require some acquisition of private land. As mentioned under Phase
II and III of the CRes MPA, one of the objectives of land acquisition and resettlement financed
under the project is to enhance the safety and security of communities living in the inundation area
vi
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
of the reservoirs from the perennial risks of floods and other extreme weather events but adverse
impacts on households and businesses due to land acquisition and other project-related activities will
be significant. Notable will be disruption on the activities of agriculture and plantation sectors, large
and small-scale industries, commercial units, and which will also lead to loss of income, livelihood
and employment for household’s dependent on these sectors.
Likewise, impacts on existing infrastructure and facilities, including roads located in the reservoir
area, Mini hydropower project, water treatment plants, electricity supply, water supply lines, etc.,
and community resources such as bathing sites, public water facilities, etc., are also envisaged. Sites
of cultural, archaeological, and religious significance will also be affected.
While there are no indigenous communities located in the intervention areas, vulnerable persons,
and households such as women-headed households, those living below the poverty line, households
with disabled family members, may suffer disproportionately due to resettlement and/or loss of
livelihoods. Construction works is also likely to cause rapid migration to and settlement of workers
and ‘followers’ in the project area which can lead to increased risks of social conflict, illicit
behaviour, burden on and competition for public service provision, risk of communicable diseases,
and gender-based violence, particularly in the form of inappropriate behaviour on the part of the
laborers. Similarly, construction-related impacts such as traffic congestion, dust, noise, vibration are
common issues that are likely to affect families/persons living in the immediate vicinity of the
construction sites.
vii
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Issues relating to gender, vulnerability, and inclusion will be considered from various perspectives
within the context of the CRes MPA and this SMF, including: (i) gender-sensitive analysis and
identification of risks and benefits associated with activities under the CRes MPA; (ii) Project-
specific gender considerations to enhance benefits to women, vulnerable groups, and local
community members; (iii) measures for ensuring that any risks and impacts arising from prosed
interventions that have differential impacts on women and other vulnerable groups, are identified
and mitigated; (iv) enhancing the voice and representation of women, especially through continuous
engagement and consultations with women, and (v) gender-disaggregated monitoring indicators.
Specifically, as part of the implementation plan, a detailed baseline analysis will be carried out to
understand how communities obtain climate and disaster related information, and how these
different communities, including women, people with disabilities, the elderly, or any other such
vulnerable groups, can be effectively informed about such information availed through the CRes
MPA. Based on the findings of the assessment, an action plan for addressing inclusion issues,
including gender, will be prepared. Activities to enhance gender considerations into the CRes MPA
include: focused information dissemination and awareness raising for female citizens on flood early
warning and impact-based forecasting; support for the preparation of community disaster
management plans in the project sites; use of citizens’ monitoring committees that review and follow
up on quality, safety, and progress aspects of the interventions; options for women to have joint
ownership or independent ownership of the land and house among the resettled households;
orientation trainings on gender for the Project Coordination team (PC) team and other decision-
makers; and development of a robust Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) that is sensitive to
the needs of women and other vulnerable groups.
viii
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
ESMP, and SIMP, and demonstrate that sufficient funds are budgeted for that purpose. The
Contractor’s ESMP/SIMP will include management plans for: (i) work activities; (ii) traffic
management; (iii) occupational health and safety; (iv) environmental management; (v) social
management; (vi) labour influx and worker camp management plan; (vii) code of conduct for
workers, including measures to address GBV; and (vii) chance-finds, where relevant.
At the time of project restructuring, additional consutlations could not be carried out to reflect on the
revised scope of the CRes MPA Phase I Project, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly, the
ix
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
lockdowns that have been imposed. The draft version of the SMF was posted on the Ministry’s
website from 1-10 July 2021, to solicit comments, and revisions, if relevant, will be done
accordingly. The Project Coordination team will also advertise in the national newspapers soliciting
feedback from the pubic. Additoinal consutlations are being planned as per World Bank’s guidelines
on ‘Public Consultations and Stakeholder Engagement in WB-supported operations when there are
constraints on conducting public meetings’ between July 2021 to 2023.
Similar consultations with affected parties and other relevant stakeholders will be carried out
throughout the project cycle. During project implementation, up-to-date information will be
provided on the Project website, social media and local radio and television stations. A Public
Information Booklet (PIB) will be delivered to each household in the immediately affected area
which will include among others relevant information on the project and the rights of the affected
people, including the compensation and rehabilitation measures, and provide information on who to
contact in case of doubts or queries. The PIB will be translated into Sinhala and Tamil.
Since no major resettlement impacts are anticipated during Phase I Project, there will be only a two-
tier grievance handling mechanism for receiving and resolving complaints through a process of
mutual understanding and consensus with the relevant parties. The first tier of the GRM would
function at the Divisional Secretariat level and chaired by the District Secretary. The second tier of
the GRM would be at the national level which would be charied by the Secretary to the Ministry of
Irrigation. However, the project would establish a multi-tier GRM in the subsequent phases of the
project as resettlement impacts of complex nature are anticipated during Phase II and III. The
establishment of this GRM will follow the requirements of the ESF.
x
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
reinforced with additional safeguard officers and support staff and will engage individual consultants
and local consultant firms to handle the increased work related to social safeguards management.
However, significant resettlement impacts are anticipated in the subsequent phases which include
construction of two reservoirs requiring extensive land acquisitions. Therefore, in the second phase
of the project, the Project Coordination team will establish a Social and Resettlement Unit (SRU)
under its purview which will be responsible for managing land acquisition, resettlement activities,
and other social impact mitigation strategies, etc., at each stage of the project. The SRU will be
adequately staffed with experienced, as well as new staff, who will be responsible for co-ordination
with the relevant ministries and affected parties, and management of the day-to-day activities related
to land acquisition and resettlement. Field offices will be set up at the start of the sub-projects to
facilitate resettlement activities and to provide easy access for people who have concerns or
grievances, or who want to discuss specific aspects of the land acquisition and resettlement program.
The field offices will be staffed by land acquisition assistants, resettlement assistants, and
community development assistants from the social/resettlement unit of the project coordination team
and may be supported by consultants. Additionally, a National Project Steering Committee (NPSC)
will also be established to (i) monitor the overall implementation of ongoing sub-projects, based on
progress reports; (ii) resolve problems of implementation; and (iii) co-ordinate with other national
government agencies connected to project implementation.
A monitoring system comprising both internal monitoring as well as external monitoring and
evaluation will be established to track the progress on social management, including land acquisition
and resettlement programs. The Management Information System (MIS) system will be designed
such that it can generate real-time consolidated reports on the land acquisition, resettlement
programs, and other type of social impact mitigation activities. The system will be housed in the
offices of the Project Coordination team but will be accessible from the Project’s site offices.
Consolidated reports on the progress of the land acquisition and resettlement programs will be made
available in the project website and also shared with the World Bank on a regular basis.
This SMF will be disclosed in the project website and the World Bank’s external website.
xi
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Abbreviations
ACAS Agriculture and climate advisory services
AFD Agence Française de Développement (French Development Agency)
AP Affected Person(s)
ASA Advisory Services and Analytics
AWS Automatic weather station
CBSL Central Bank of Sri Lanka
CCDRP Comprehensive Climate and Disaster Resilience Program
CEA Central Environmental Authority
CEB Ceylon Electricity Board
CERC Contingent Emergency Response Component
CONOPS Concept of Operations
CRes MPA Climate Resilience Multi-Phased Approach
CRIP Climate Resilience Improvement Project
CV Chief Valuer
DA Designated Account
DFC Department of Forest Conservation
DMC Disaster Management Center
DoM Department of Meteorology
DP Displaced Person
DPD Deputy Project Director
DPL with Cat-DDO Development Policy Loan with a Catastrophe Deferred Draw-Down Option
DRM Disaster risk management
DS Divisional Secretary
DSWRPP Dam Safety and Water Resources Planning Project
EA Environmental Assessment
EAMF Environmental Assessment and Management Framework
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EM Entitlement Matrix
EMPs Environmental Management Plans
ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan
ESS Environment and Social Standards
EWS Early Warning System
FA Financing Agreement
FM Fiduciary Management
xii
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
xiii
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
xiv
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Glossary of Terms
Affected Person: Any person, group, community, or people who, as a result of the implementation
of the Multi-phase Programmatic Approach (MPA), is affected by loss of the right to own, use, or
otherwise benefit from land (residential, agricultural, or commercial), water, livelihood, annual or
perennial crops and trees, a built structure, or any other fixed or movable assets, either in full or in
part, permanently or temporarily. S/he can be a legal owner, non-titled structure owner, or tenant
and will receive different compensation and Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) packages as per
the Entitlement Matrix (EM).
Business Owner: Any person who owns or conducts a business within the project-affected area, the
operation of which may be disrupted by the construction work under the project. S/he can be a legal
owner, non-titled structure owner, or tenant and will receive different compensation and R&R
packages as per the EM.
Census: Complete enumeration based on household questionnaire survey that covers all affected
persons, irrespective of ownership and entitlement, and their assets. It can be used to minimize
fraudulent claims made by people who move into the project affected area after the cut-off date has
been announced in the hope of being compensated or resettled.
Compensation: Payment in cash or in-kind for an asset or a resource that is acquired or affected by
the project, at the time the asset needs to be replaced.
Cut-off date: The cut-off date will be publicly announced and provided in all the Resettlement
Action Plans (RAPs). The cut-off date for eligibility for entitlement is the date of notification under
the section 2 notice of the Land Acquisition Act or the start date of the census surveys. Persons who
encroach on the area after the cut-off date are not entitled to claim compensation or any other form
of resettlement assistance.
Destitute Households: Socially and economically distressed households who may suffer
disproportionately due to conflict or development induced displacement. They may include women
xv
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Encroacher: Someone who has illegally expanded or extended the outer limit of his/her private
premises beyond the approved building line or agricultural land and has occupied public space
beyond his/her plot of or agricultural/residential land.
Family Card: A printed document in which details about the Affect Person (AP) and their family,
type and degree of impact, and their entitlements are entered. This will be printed in duplicate. The
original copy will be given to the AP and the duplicate kept in the custody of the Project Coordination
team. Whenever an entitlement is granted, the AP will acknowledge receipt by signing on the card
as having received the same, for transparency and record purposes.
Host Population: People living in or around areas where the people physically displaced by a project
will be resettled who, in turn, may be affected by the impacts of such resettlement.
Indigenous People: “Indigenous Peoples” (IP) is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct,
vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees: (a)
self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity
by others; (b) collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the
project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; (c) customary cultural,
economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and
culture; and (d) an indigenous language, often different from the official language of the country or
region. Social Assessment carried out under the MPA confirmed that there are no IP communities
that live in the selected areas for project interventions.
Involuntary Resettlement: Resettlement is involuntary when it occurs without the consent of the
displaced persons or if they give their consent without having the power to refuse resettlement.
xvi
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Income Restoration: Re-establishing income sources and livelihood of people affected to a better
or at least the pre-project levels.
Land Lot: Portion of land that belongs to a AP, Project Affected Household (PAH), or government
institution. The Department of Surveys defines a lot as the basic unit of land after demarcation of
the boundaries.
Landowners: Owners of land with or without trees, crops, or structures affixed to the land with clear
title in government records. In some exceptional cases, a person who owns land/s is within the
projectaffected areas regardless of proof of such ownership will also be entitled, provided that such
ownership is recognized under law. In such cases, special decisions will be taken by the responsible
authority in consultation with the local authority, and the community.
Livelihood: A means of living such as agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing, wage labour, services
of various types, trade, etc.
Non-Resident Land and Structure Owners: Legal landowners who are not in possession of their
land either because they have rented or leased out their said land and property affixed to it, or such
land has been taken possession of by any other person.
Operational Policy (OP) 4.12: The objective of the World Bank’s OP. 4.12 on ‘Involuntary
Resettlement’ is to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement, and where it is not feasible, assist
displaced persons in improving or at least restoring their livelihoods and standards of living in real
terms relative to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project
implementation, whichever is higher.
Project Affected Household (PAH): Any household or a family that faces an impact as a result of
the implementation of the project, subproject activity, etc., loses the right to own, use or otherwise
benefit from a built structure, land (residential, agricultural, commercial), annual or perennial crops
and trees, or any other fixed or movable assets, either in full or in part, permanently or temporarily
that could affect the household’s livelihood/economic status.
Project Affected Household Head (PAHH): Any person who is representing the head of family or
household, as a result of the implementation of subproject, etc., loses the right to own, use or
otherwise benefit from a built structure, land (residential, agricultural, commercial), annual or
xvii
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
perennial crops and trees, or any other fixed or movable assets, either in full or in part, permanently
or temporarily that could affect the households’ livelihood/economic status.
Protected Tenants: Tenants occupying a legal property (commercial or residential) and are
protected under the Rent Act of 1972 or its later amendments, which prevents the landowners from
evicting them or increasing the rent at their own will.
Relocation: Rebuilding and/or reallocating housing and assets, including productive land and public
infrastructure, in another location.
Rehabilitation: Re-establishing incomes, livelihoods, living, and integration within the social
system.
Replacement Value/Cost: The replacement value is the cost that is adequate to purchase similar
property of same quality in the open market and cover transaction cost. In applying this method of
valuation, depreciation is not taken into account. For losses that cannot be easily valued or
compensated, attempts are made to establish access to equivalent and culturally appropriate
resources and earning opportunities. Under the project, the rate of compensation for lost land and
assets will be calculated at full replacement cost.
Resettlement: A process to assist the displaced people and communities to replace their lost land,
houses, and assets; restore access to assets and services; and improve their socio-economic and
cultural conditions. It includes settlement of displaced people on buildable land or houses/
apartments in the same (and if not, similar, and nearby) locality with barrier-free access to basic
amenities. New settlement schemes in the context of development projects following restoration of
law and order, including restoration of livelihoods, incomes, and assets bases and assistance to
rebuild life after being resettled, are also included in resettlement.
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP): The document in which a project sponsor or other responsible
entity specifies the procedures that it will follow and the actions it will take to mitigate adverse
effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to persons and communities affected
by an investment project.
Resettlement Assistance: Support provided to people who are physically displaced by a project.
Assistance may include transportation, food, shelters, and social services that are provided to
affected people during their relocation. Assistance may also include cash allowances that
xviii
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resentment and defray the
expenses of a transition to a new locale, such as moving expenses and lost works days.
Resident Land and Structure Owners: Owners with clear title deeds for the land and structures
which they are currently occupying for their own use, residential, commercial, cultural, or religious
purposes.
Squatter: Someone who has occupied public or private land, developed structures on it, and put
such land into residential, agricultural, or commercial use without obtaining development permission
and formal title under law.
Sub Families: Second or third family living in the same house registered under the same or separate
register of electors at least three years prior to the date of the order published under the section 2
notice of land acquisition under the LAA.
Tenants and Lessees: Occupants that have legally taken any land or properties or both on rent or
lease for a specific period, with registered papers recording agreed terms and conditions of the
tenancy and/or leasehold as permitted under the law.
Vulnerable Groups: People who, by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability,
economic disadvantage, or social status, may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others
and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and
related development benefits. This category specifically refers to families supported by women and
not having able bodied male members who can earn; families of physically or mentally challenged,
very old, and infirm persons, who are not able to earn sufficiently to support the family; and families
that are very poor and recognized by the government as living below the poverty line.
xix
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
2
South Asia’s Hotspots, The World Bank, Spring 2018
(https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28723/33179.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=)
3
K. Kumudika Erangi Perera, The Socio-Economic Impacts of Flood Disasters in Sri Lanka, NeelaHaritha, The
Climate Change Magazine in Sri Lanka Vol. II Dec.2017, Climate Change Secretariat, MMDE; DesInventar
database of DMC, 2017
1
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The 2004 Tsunami marked a turning point for the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) to enable a more
systematic approach for Disaster Risk Management (DRM). A comprehensive disaster management
system has since been established and institutional mechanisms have been put in place under the
Ministry of Irrigation (previously, the Ministry of Irrigation, Water Resources, and Disaster
Management (MIWRDM)). In 2014, the GoSL designed the Comprehensive Climate and Disaster
Resilience Program (CCDRP), which aimed at fundamental changes and mainstreaming of disaster
risk management (DRM) practices in priority sectors to improve the resilience of the country. The
program integrated two World Bank-financed lending and several technical assistance (TA)
activities whose synergies maximize the overall outcomes and strengthen the resilience of Sri Lanka.
Specifically, in 2014, the World Bank approved: (i) Climate Resilience Improvement Program and
(ii) Development Policy Loan with a Catastrophe Deferred Draw-Down Option (DPL with Cat-
DDO) (US$ 102 million). 4 To strengthen the fiscal resilience, a new Advisory Services and
Analytics (ASA): Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance in Sri Lanka (P166332), and another ASA:
Adaptive Social Protection System (P166770) were initiated to advance the design of a disaster-
linked social protection mechanism, which would allow the GoSL to quickly identify, enroll, and
compensate the disaster-affected households.
While the GoSL has invested in flood-resilient infrastructure, investments have followed a piecemeal
approach rather than a holistic and systemic approach to achieve substantial transformation.
4
The DPL with Cat DDO closed in May 2017, after the successful withdrawal of the full loan amount
following the floods and landslides in 2016
(http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/674381528124689623/pdf/ICR00004342-05312018.pdf)
2
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Such a multi-phased approach will allow the GoSL to make required investments capable of assuring
protection up to a 1 in 100-year return period event in the Kelani basin while allowing for greater
adaptability through a forward-looking learning agenda. Each Phase of the CRes MPA has its own
Project Development Objective (PDO), which will help support and achieve the overall objective of
the Program:
The program related activities are structured are as follows:
3
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Sub-Component 1.1: Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building. This sub-component will
support the training of technical personnel, evaluation of opportunities to introduce new and
innovative sustainable business models, training support for main stakeholders and training
activities for end-users, including agriculture, water resources, disaster risk management, energy and
health. In addition, this sub-component will also support to build community resilience through the
development of disaster management plans with the communities with clear community roles
identified.
5 WMO Strategy for Service Delivery and its Implementation Plan (WMO 2015) WMO-No.1129
4
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
agriculture, (ii) fisheries; (iii) emergency and disaster risk management; (iv) water resource
management; (v) land, sea and air transport; and (vi) tourism industry.
This Component will finance all the expenditure related with the construction of a new salinity
barrier replacing the existing structure. Detailed engineering designs for civil and electro-
mechanical works of the new structure were completed under the previous Climate Resilience
Improvement Project (CRIP, which was closed on April 30, 2021. Therefore, any additional work
requiring improvements and modifications to the design as well as the construction supervision will
be covered under CRes MPA).
Subcomponent 2.2: Preparation of Phase II Studies: Detailed designs of Wee Oya Reservoir,
Bidding documents, Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), Environmental Impact Assessments
(EIAs) (US$6 million): This sub-component will finance: i) detailed engineering designs and related
environmental assessments, land acquisition and resettlement action plans for construction of Wee
Oya reservoir in upper Kelani basin to be undertaken in Phase II.
Subcomponent 2.3: Preparation of Phase III Studies: Feasibility studies and detailed designs
for Upper Deraniyagala Reservoir, RAP and EIA, bidding documents (US$7 million):
This sub-component will finance feasibility studies, investigations and detailed designs, biodiversity
surveys, environmental impact assessments of the proposed Upper Deraniyagala reservoir, and
consultations, miscellaneous surveys and studies necessary for the construction of the reservoir to
be undertaken in Phase III.
Subcomponent 2.4: Other Studies: Studies for trans-basin diversions from Kelani to dryer
river basins and improving storm water management in Lower Kelani Basin (US$1 million):
This sub-component will finance: (i) pre-feasibility level technical and socio-economic studies for
trans-basin diversions from Kelani river; and (i) assessments and facilitating consultations with key
stakeholders for identifying next steps for improving local storm water management, flood plains or
flood risk zone management in Lower Kelani Basin.
5
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Subcomponent 2.5: Detailed Designs of lower Kelani Flood Protection Works (US$5 million):
This sub-component will finance detailed engineering designs of flood embankments and pumping
stations proposed at pre-feasibility level by the Kelani Flood Mitigation Strategy completed under
CRIP. This sub-component will finance designs related to river bank erosion control and protection,
river training, flood proofing of selected settlement areas and assets along the tributaries, improving
flood retention areas, and improving storage capacity and conveyance efficiency of local storm
water and agriculture drainage ways. It will also finance the social and environmental assessment
and completion of EIA and RAP for the construction of the flood protection works concluded by
the detailed designs.
Disbursements will be made against a positive list of critical goods or the procurement of works,
and consultant services required to support the immediate response and recovery needs. All
expenditures under this component, should it be triggered, will be in accordance with BP/OP 8.0
and will be appraised, reviewed, and found to be acceptable to the Bank before any disbursement is
made.
Wee Oya reservoir is one such reservoir that has been prioritized by the Ministry to be investigated
for its feasibility. The main purpose for the prioritization of the project is to cater the increasing
drinking water demand as well as the flood mitigation of Lower Kelani basin. Wee Oya is a tributary
of the Kelani River which meets Kelani River near Yatiyanthota and the proposed reservoir
constructed across Wee Oya is expected to retain a part of the flood to attenuate and delay the
6
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
outflow flood peak. Wee Oya reservoir is also expected to regulate river flows and release water to
maintain sufficient discharge for water demand in parallel with the growing urbanization and water-
based industries in and around Colombo during meteorological droughts. In addition to flood
mitigation and drinking water supply, possible power generation is also a consideration.
Proposed Wee Oya Reservoir is located at Malalpola Grama Niladhari Division of Yatiyanthota
Divisional Secretariat Division in Kegalle District, Sabaragamuwa Province. The Wee Oya is an
upper tributary of the Kelani River, which joins the Kelani River near Yatiyanthota. From
Yatiyanthota, the dam is located at around 9.5 km along Wee Oya and can be accessed from B482
road.
The construction of this reservoir will have diverse impacts on gender, livelihoods, public support,
labour influx, including those related to GBV, and community conflict. At the same time, the Project
also has the potential to benefit local populations, including from employment opportunities during
construction, prevention of food risks, safety enhancement through improved flood forecasting and
early warning systems for severe weather-related events, and relocation of vulnerable households to
flood safe areas.
7
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Accordingly, it is required to: (i) mitigate the adverse social impacts of the Project in terms of
compensation for land and other assets, livelihood restoration of displaced households, and other
resettlement and rehabilitation assistance; (ii) enhance the safety and security of communities living
along the riverbanks from the perennial risks of floods and other extreme weather events; (iii)
strengthen gender impacts and citizen engagement in Project activities and benefits, including as
end-users of information from weather forecasting and early warning systems; and (iv) ensure
effective implementation of safeguards management plans.
8
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The major reason for government’s request to scale down the scope of CRes MPA is the large and
increasing debt burden of the country that has been further exacerbated by continuing losses in
production and tax revenue consequent to COVID-19 pandemic. The April 2019 terrorist attacks too
had a crippling impact on the economy earlier. The country’s debt to GDP ratio has reached around
105 percent in 2021. The fiscal constraints have compelled the newly elected administration to
review all large ongoing and pipeline projects supported by the government and external donor
financing and to reprioritize its investments in line with its new development vision and agenda.
The restructuring of the CRes MPA also provides an opportunity to enhance economic performance
post COVID-19 by considering how the proposed investments in meteorological services can
contribute to economic resilience in Sri Lanka As countries assertively begin to tackle climate
change, the benefit of managing a weather- and climate- sensitive economy and the need for more
applicable weather, climate and hydrological information will become apparent.
9
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Social Impact Management Plans (SIMPs), and/or Environmental and Social Management Plans
(ESMPs), during implementation.
10
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Hanwella, the starting point for the construction of embankments under the proposed CRes MPA,
was an important site for ferry routes that went through the Kelani river. It is believed that King
Mayadunne of Seethawaka kingdom made the Gurubebila Fort (also known as the Hanwella Fort)
in Hanwella as a form of protection for the ferry route (Figure 3). It was subsequently occupied by
the Portuguese (1597), Dutch (1684), and English (1786), and the Fort underwent rehabilitations
under the different colonizers. Similarly, the Malwana Fort, at Malwana in the Gampaha District,
was constructed by the Portuguese and was used by the soldiers stationed there. Later on, the Fort
was occupied by the Dutch and underwent rehabilitation and subsequent abandonment as well.
11
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Colombo lies in the river basin and is the largest commercial and administrative hub of the country.
‘Kolonna thota’ (port on the Kolonne river – the old name for the Kelani river) was an important
seaport due to the presence of the natural harbour, as well as its location in the ancient trade route
used by the Roman, Arab, Persian, and Chinese trade sailing vessels more than 2000 years ago.
Colombo saw first of its development during the era of the Kotte Kingdom, and has been one of the
highly populated cities in the country ever since. The Colombo Fort was developed in the 16th
century by the Portuguese to fortify their trading post and encompasses the area that now houses the
major hotels and presidential palace. The area outside the Fort is now Pettah (‘Pita Kotuwa’ in
Sinhala, which translates directly to ‘outer fort’). The Fort underwent sieges during the Sinhalese-
Portuguese war and then was conquered by the Dutch East India Company in 1656. The Dutch
rehabilitated the Fort, and it became a military strategic point for the confrontations that happened
during the Sinhalese-Dutch war. Once the English conquered the Fort, Colombo was transformed
into a place of administrative importance and was subsequently named the capital of Ceylon in 1815
during the Kandyan Convention. Once the new administrative legislations were established in 1978,
Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte was designated as the administrative capital of Sri Lanka. Additional
details about the historical, archeological, and cultural significance of the Project area are provided
in the Strategic Social Assessment carried out for the MPA.
6
Cooray, 1984
12
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
District comprising low lying flood retention zones, which are essentially marsh habitat. The
sustenance of these urban wetlands is heavily dependent on the inflow from the Kelani river, but
these lowland wetlands are now severely fragmented. Figure 4 shows the land use pattern in the
impacted area.
(Source: CEA, Strategic Environmental Assessment of Development of River Basin Level Flood and
Drought Mitigation Investment Plans-Kelani River Basin, June 2018).
As can been seen from the figure above, apart from the natural land use types, many anthropogenic
land use types are found in the area. In general, the land use pattern in the Kelani River Basin
involves two distinctive forms—the upper catchment area is more rural and is used primarily for
plantation and agricultural land, and the lower catchment area is built-up land with modern towns
and cities. As mentioned in Table 2, most of the land is used for non-traditional export crops (40,894
ha.), rubber plantations (34,764 ha.), home gardens (31,876 ha.), paddy lands (15,643 ha.), coconut
(15,480 ha.), building (13,070 ha.), and forests (12,998 ha.). A relatively higher percentage of the
Montane and Sub-Montane forests are in the eastern part of the basin. Large extent of paddy lands,
which represent 7.8 percent of the total area, is found in the medium and lower reaches of the basin.
Coconut plantations are around 5 percent.
13
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Table 2 : Land extent and land use patterns in the Kelani Basin
Land Extent in the impacted Area (Ha.)
Type of land
Colombo Gampaha Kegalle Total
Irrigated paddy land 1,329 1,532 1,741 4,602
Notably, except for areas near Colombo, large scale human settlement activities did not take place
in this area due to flood risks. This situation changed during the last three or four decades with the
establishment of the Free Trade Zone (FTZ) in Biyagama and the declaration of Sri Jayawardanapura
Kotte as the Administrative Capital of the country. The construction of factories and warehouses
took place in Kelaniya, Malwana, Kaduwela, and Hanwella outside the Biyagama FTZ. As a result,
this area has been transformed into a dominantly industrial, service, and residential region, with
human settlements replacing the previously agriculture dominant areas. Such changes in land use
14
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
have adversely affected paddy cultivation, and many farmers are giving up farming and are
employed in factories, building sites, and similar economic activities.7 Further, many of these lands
have developed haphazardly with no consideration of the environmental sustainability of the area.
In many instances, no formal approvals are obtained from the relevant agencies. Roads have been
constructed by filling drainage paths, reservations have been encroached, and the walls of houses
and workplaces have become barriers to rapid water out flow during rainy periods. The cumulative
result of these informal activities is heavy property damage even after a minor flood. The flood in
May 2016 is a typical example in this regard, which caused heavy damage to the area, even though
it has been recorded as a minor flood.
7
CEA, Strategic Environmental Assessment of Development of River Basin Level Flood and Drought
Mitigation Investment Plans-Kelani River Basin, June 2018.
8
The area was determined through google topographic survey conducted at the feasibility study conducted
for the interventions under the CRes MPA.
15
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
As per the figures presented above in Table 3, the Colombo and Kegalle Districts have more than
50% of their land area located within the river basin, while the Kandy and Kalutara Districts record
the least. Table 4 presents the land extent affected in each of the three Districts where the proposed
interventions will be implemented under the CRes MPA. The Kegalle District is expected to be the
highest impacted District with respect to land extent (9,145.37 ha). However, the Colombo District
records the highest percentage of affected land from the total land covered by the district (10.26%).
Table 4 : Summary of land area in each district and project impacted area
Out of the above 98 GNDs affected due to the proposed interventions, 36 GNDs are expected to be
affected due to proposed embankments from Kaduwela to the sea mouth, 21 GNDs due to
embankments from Kaduwela to Hanwella, and 29 GNDs due to embankments upstream of
Hanwella (included in the original scope of the project). Another 8 GNDs will be affected due to the
construction of the Upper Deraniyagala reservoir and another 4 GNDs due to the construction of
Wee Oya reservoir. Details of the impacted GNDs and DSDs in the basin area are included in the
SSA prepared for the CRes MPA.
16
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
As explained in Chapter 1, the census 2012 was used to extrapolate (predict) the population
distribution for the year 2018. Accordingly, the highest population, including those that would be
affected by Project interventions, is estimated to be in the Colombo District and the lowest in the
Kegalle District (Table 6). Further, the percentage of females in the Project area is slightly higher
than the percentage of males, which also reflects the overall gender distribution across Sri Lanka.
Table 6 : Estimated population in the three affected districts in Kelani River Basin Area
Total estimated Total estimated
District population of the population of Male Female
entire DSDs (2018) impacted area (2018)
Colombo 1,191,051 206,543 101,908 104,634
Gampaha 722,151 99,184 48,629 50,555
Kegalle 221,154 26,979 13,003 13,976
Overall 2,140,356 332,706 163,540 169,165
(Source: Department of Census & Statistics with estimated data)
In terms of age distribution, the highest percentage of individuals in the Project area represent the
age group of 35-59 years (32%), while the lowest of 8% represent the age group of 0-4 years. Another
23% of the affected population represents the age group between 5-19 years, considered as children
or population attending primary and secondary education and 24% are in the age group of 20-34
years (young adults). The percentage of the population above 60 years is 13%, part of the dependent
population (Table 7).
17
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Table 7 : Age groups of the population in the impacted area in the Kelani Basin Area
Population information disaggregated with respect to religion is an important key social factor that
needs to be considered in the implementation of projects, mainly due to its influence on the cultural
and social activities in the area. As shown in Table 8, the impacted area in the Kelani River Basin is
dominated by the Sinhalese population (81%), followed by the Tamil population (10%), and Sri
Lanka Moors (8%). Other than these three major ethnic groups, there are small numbers of
population belonging to the Burgher, Malay, Sri Lankan Chetty communities, mainly within the
Colombo District (these groups been categorized as ‘other’).
Table 8 : Religious composition of the population in the impacted area of the Kelani Basin
Total population Roman
District Buddhist Hindu Islam Other
in impacted area Catholic
According to above information, the impacted area of the basin is dominated by the Buddhist
population, constituting an overall average of 72% of the population. The Hindu population is 6%,
the Islamic population is 9%, and the Roman Catholic population is 10%. Notably, while the
Sinhala/Buddhist culture dominates the basin area, impacts of the Tamil/Hindu culture is more
pronounced in the plantation area. Further, while relatively small, the impacts of Islamic culture are
very strong in the limited areas where the Muslims live.
18
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Table 9: Number of households and land tenure in the impacted area in Kelani River Basin
District
Education: The majority (approximately 97%) of the population above 5 years is educated, and only
3% have no schooling/formal education attainment (Figure 5). Slightly less than half of the
population is qualified with General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level (OL)
examination, General Certificate of Education (Advance Level) examination, university degree
certificates, or above. While the number of persons who have not attended school at all is somewhat
high, as a percentage, it is still lower when compared to national level data.
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Degree and
Primery Secondary G.C.E. (O/L) G.C.E. (A/L) No schooling
above
Series1 19% 39% 20% 15% 4% 3%
19
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Livelihoods: The main sources of livelihoods in the impacted area broadly include employment in
the public sector, private sector, semi-government sector, agriculture, technical occupations, labour
work on daily wages or plantation workers, and self-employment (which includes tailoring, retail
trading, making different non-traditional products, making food items, and sand mining). Broadly,
more than 43% of the households in the project area derive their incomes from wage earnings, 4%
from agriculture, and 54% from non-agricultural activities. Compared to the national averages, these
figures indicate that a higher proportion of the population in the Project area derive their livelihoods
from wage income, while a lesser percentage of people rely on agriculture.
Employment: Forty nine percent (49%) of the population are employed, 3% are unemployed, and
another 48% of the population is economically inactive (Table 10). In comparison, at the national
level, 48.2% of the country’s population is employed, 3.4% are unemployed, and 48.4% are
economically inactive. This indicates that the employment trends in the Project area are like national
averages.
Table 10: Employment levels of the population in the Kelani River Basin
Income levels: As shown in Table 11, the average household income, as well as expenditure levels,
of the three Project Districts is higher than the national average. However, it is also the case that,
while Gampaha and Kegalle have lower income and expenditure levels, the average for the Project
area is highly skewed by the data from Colombo.
Table 11: Household average income and expenditure levels of the districts
in the impacted area
20
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Public Assistance: There are various types of public assistance programs that are being implemented
in the Project area by various government institutions. Among these, the Samurduhi benefits, given
to poor households, are availed to 63,154 households or 18% of the total households in the impacted
basin area (Table 12). There are variations across the districts—for example, a larger proportion of
the population in Colombo is recipients of Samurudhi benefits compared to Kegalle.
Table 12: Number of Samurdhi beneficiaries in the impacted area of the Kelani River Basin
Total no of families No of families receiving % Of families
District in the impacted Samurdhi in the impacted receiving Samurdhi
area area benefits
Colombo 172,959 36,073 21%
Gampaha 122,472 20,969 17%
Kegalle 49,169 6,111 12%
Overall 344,599 63,154 18%
(Source: District Statistical Handbooks - Department of Census & Statistics)
2.3.4 Housing
As presented in Figure 6, the majority of the housing units in the Project area are ‘permanent type’
(89%), while there is only 1% classified as “improvised structures” or “temporary structures”.
Further, 71% of the houses are single one-story housing units, 16% are single two-story housing
units, 1% are single multi-story housing units, 3% are annexes, 2% are flats, 1% are twin houses,
4% are row/line room housing units, 1% are shanties, and a very few are condominiums.
21
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Hut/Shanty
Row/Line room
Twin house
Condominium
Flat
Attached house/Annex
Single 2+ story
Single-2 story
Single -1 story
Attached
Single -1 Single-2 Single 2+ Condomini Twin Row/Line
house/Ann Flat Hut/Shanty
story story story um house room
ex
Series1 71% 16% 1% 3% 2% 0% 1% 4% 1%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
National Rural hydro
Kerosene Solar power Bio Gas Other
network power
Series1 95% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0%
22
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
protected wells. There are, however, households that rely on tube wells, bowsers, rivers/ tanks/
streams, and rainwater.
Figure 8: Sources of Drinking Water Suppy
Bottle water 0%
Rain water 0%
River/ Tank/stream 3%
Bowser 0%
Tube well 1%
Rural water projects 4%
Tap outside premises 4%
Tap within premises 6%
Tap within house 50%
Unprotected well 1%
Protected well outside premises 4%
Protected well within premises 26%
In terms of sanitary facilities, 82% of households have access to a water seal toilet connected to a
sewer system, 14% have water seal toilets with a septic tank, 2% have flush type toilets, and 2%
utilize direct pits. In some of these cases, these sanitary facilities are of very poor quality.
Schools and Hospitals: In terms of the total number of schools in the respective impacted area of the
DSDs, 41% of schools are in Kegalle, 36% are in Colombo, and 23% are in Gampaha. However, the
largest percentage of national schools is recorded in Colombo. Likewise, of the three Districts in the
Project area, the largest number of hospitals are located in Colombo (42%), 32% are in Kegalle, and
26% in Gampaha. Further, the largest numbers of hospital beds, Medical Officers of Health (MOHs),
Public Health Inspectors (PHI), and Health Midwives are in Colombo.
Road networks: Similarly, the largest road network within the proposed Project intervention areas is
recorded from Colombo, and the lowest is from Gampaha. Specifically, of the total road length in
the impacted area, Colombo contains 41% of roads, Kegalle contains 35%, and Gampaha contains
24%.
23
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
However, these figures across the three Districts are higher than the national of 36%.9
Figure 9: Femable population by education levels in the impacted area in the
Kelani River Basin
9
World Bank. Getting to Work: Unlocking Women’s Potential in the Sri Lanka’s Labor Force’ 2017.
24
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
norms, and restrictions governing behavior. 10 Women heading their households may lack the
support of a male and/or social capital required at the onset of floods to remove assets and special
needs individuals from the households; as a result, they may experience greater isolation and
emotional trauma than others pre-during and post crisis. Pregnant women, women with infants and
toddlers, women caring for the ill/disabled are likely to face several challenges related to mobility,
which will compromise their ability to move to safety and have their special needs met while at the
shelter. Women may have difficulties in preparing for and going through a natural disaster without
the presence of a male relative. If mobility is restricted, and/or access to TV/radio is limited, these
individuals may be at a disadvantage in terms of receiving and responding to early warnings.
Women-headed households: The women headed households in the three Districts are about one fifth
of the total population: 21% in the Colombo District, 20% in the Gampaha District, and 21% in the
Kegalle District, as against the 20% of households at the national level. This is an important group,
as the women in these households take full responsibility for managing the family, reducing the
poverty levels, and providing other types of social protection to their families.
Population below the poverty line: The incidence of poverty is reported as 3.8% in the impacted area
of the Kelani River Basin, with the highest poverty level reported in the Kegalle District. Further, a
higher rate of poverty is reported from the rural areas: Deraniyagala DSD (11.6%), Yatiyantota DSD
(10.9%), Bulathkohupitiya DSD (9.6%), Ruwanwella DSD (8%), Dompe DSD (5.3%), and
Seethawaka DSD (5%). In all other DSDs that are urban, the poverty rates are less than 4%.11
10
De Silva, K., & Jayathilaka, R. (2014). Gender in the context of disaster risk reduction; a case study of a flood risk
reduction project in the Gampaha District in Sri Lanka. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 873-881.
11
Department of Census and Statistics. ‘Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Sri Lanka’ 2015. Available at
http://www.statistics.gov.lk/poverty/SpatialDistributionOfPoverty2012_13.pdf
25
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Table 13: Disabled population in the impacted area of the Kelani River Basin
Disabled population in 2018
Total Total disabled
Population in population in
District
the the
impacted area impacted area
Dependent population: The dependent population, comprising children below five years old and
elders above 60 years old, constitutes approximately 21% of the population in the Project area. The
distribution of population across the three Districts is similar, although Gampaha has a slightly
higher percentage of the elderly population.
26
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Commercial units in the basin area can be classified as: retail shops; restaurants; textile and foot
wear; fish and vegetable; dispensary and pharmacy; wood and iron furniture; electrical items;
groceries, building material and paint shops; liquor shops; jewellery; books and stationary; motor
vehicles spare parts; and other categories of sales units. Altogether, there are 2,666 registered
commercial units in the impacted area of the Kelani River Basin. While most of the commercial
27
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
units are located in the Gampaha District (70%), there is significant variation across the three
Districts. For example, retail shops dominate commercial establishments in Colombo (64% of all
commercial units in Colombo) but in Gampaha, their portion is relatively small (15% of all
commercial units). Similarly, the categories of ‘other’ are higher in Gampaha (58% of all
commercial units) and Kegalle (44% of all commercial establishments) but significantly less in
Colombo (4% of all establishments).
Aside from the commercial and industrial activities mentioned above, the Kelani River Basin is
famous for gem and sand mining and clay extraction. Raw clay excavation is carried out in the
middle and lower part of the basin for brick and pottery industries. Sand mining happens in most
parts of the river and varies from small to medium scale extractions. Many people are employed in
sand mining, especially in the lower reaches of the river. Notably, however, most of these extractions
are illegal and cause heavy damage to river embankments, the riverbed, and even to water extraction
facilities at Ambatale.
As the Kelani River Basin falls within the wet zone, it is extremely rich in biodiversity with high
species richness, many endemics and some point endemics, and high numbers of rare and threatened
species. Although detailed work has not been carried out systematically across the entire river basin,
a few studies covering a limited number of sites have demonstrated its biotic wealth. Among the
recorded threatened species are 16 dragonflies, 23 butterflies, nine amphibians, 11 reptiles, 25 birds,
and 28 mammals. With respect to fish, 27 nationally threatened fish species are recorded, including
eight critically endangered (CN), 15 endangered (EN), and four vulnerable (VU) species (IUCN
database).
12
Jayasuriya, Kichener & Biradar, 2006; Perera et al., 2014.
28
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
As is the case in the entire wet zone, much of the natural habitats, particularly the lowland rainforests,
are highly fragmented and remain as pockets in an urbanized landscape. Overall, the Kelani
catchment has three wildlife sanctuaries (7,518 ha), 16 proposed forest reserves (11,423 ha), 13
forest reserves (2,585 ha), and a catchment area of 2,304 hectares allocated for drinking water
reservoirs (Figure 10).
Figure 10: Protected areas within the Kelani basin
Of these sanctuaries and forest reserves, Imbulpitiya and Kananpella forest reserves are located
within close proximity to the proposed CRes MPA interventions. However, many of the forests in
the river basin are within the jurisdiction of the Forest Department or the Department of Wildlife
Conservation (DWLC). The Forest Department is in the process of expanding the existing
reservations, which would have an impact on the project boundaries. Further, at the lower most
extreme parts, particularly within the Colombo area, the Sri Lanka Land Development Corporation
(SLLDC) proposes to holistically manage the urban wetlands as a protected area, particularly to
safeguard flora and fauna displaced as a result of urbanization.
29
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
around Pugoda up to the river outfall, there are many minor flood protection schemes on both banks
of the Kelani River. There are also lateral gated structures which prevent water entering the sub
catchment areas of the minor flood protection schemes when the flood water level of the Kelani
basin is high. When the Kelani river water level is low and during local floods, the gates are opened
to drain out excess water to the Kelani River. Thus, these minor flood protection schemes have been
playing a very important role in irrigation and flood protection in the lower reaches of the Kelani
River.
Roads network: There are several roads that run along the river banks, as well as several bridges
closer to the town areas that will have to be taken into consideration in the design of the flood
protection works. A variation can be observed between the left and the right bank. Larger national
roads and roads connecting urban centers are found on the left bank, which is closer to Colombo,
and more provincial roads are located on the right bank, which is more sub urban. Further, the Road
Development Authority (RDA), the national institute under which Class A and B roads are
developed, improved, and maintained, has plans to develop the Ambathale to Hanwella section of
the AB010 into a four-lane road. Additionally, there are several bridges that would need to be
considered in the design of the flood protection works.
Water intakes: The other key infrastructure facility located between Kaduwela, and the river mouth
is the water intakes of National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWS&DB) for their water
treatment plants at Ambathale and Biyagama. These two water treatment plants are the source of
treated water to Colombo Metropolitan area. Also, there is a salinity barrier across the river at
Ambathale, and four water supply lines (steel pipes) buried in the service corridors alongside the
AB10 road. They comprise two 500mm and two 750mm pipelines. The pipes are old and were laid
in the 1920s or 1930s. Further, the NWS&DB has commenced construction of four new 1200mm
water supply pipelines from Ambathale.
Urban housing: Over 50% of the Colombo city population lives in shanties, slums, or dilapidated
old housing schemes, which occupied 9% of the total land extent of the city. A recent survey carried
out by the Urban Development Authority (UDA) has identified a total number of 68,812 families
living in 1,499 community clusters (underserved settlements) which do not have a healthy
environment for human habitation and access to basic infrastructure facilities, such as clean water,
electricity, and sanitation. The UDA, under the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing
30
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
(MUDH) since 2019, has launched an ambitious project to relocate these families in new housing
schemes with acceptable standards. The project known as the “Urban Regeneration Program” is
considered one major step in the direction of transforming Colombo into a world recognized city
with a clean and pleasing environment (Figure 11).
Broadlands’s project - Ceylon Electricity Board: The Broadlands hydropower project is located in
the middle reaches of Kelani river basin near the confluence of the Maskeli Oya and the Kehelgamu
Oya. The project entails the construction of:
• 24 m high concrete gravity main dam.
• Concrete gravity diversion weir of height 19 m to be constructed on the Kehelgamu Oya.
• A run-of-the-river type power plant (35 MW)
• Construction of a 4 km long overhead power transmission line
There are various environmental and social impacts generated by the Broadlands Project, including
adverse impacts on historical and monument landscapes and sites due to the diversion of the river
flow, carbon storage costs and loss of forest cover. Negative socio-economic impacts include loss
of recreational activities and water sports, loss of scenic view of the river, livelihood loss especially
due to reduction in forest products such as fuel wood, medicinal herbs and edible foods, and
reduction in the productivity of home gardens. One of the identified benefits however is the reduced
dependency on coal power, reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, all of which are conducive to the
human health as well as environmental health.
31
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Figure 13 shows a map of the flood-prone area in the Kelani basin. Specifically, as per the
assessments done so far in preparation for the Cres MPA, some of the reasons for the very high flood
damages reported in the basin are:
• Very high rainfall with intense storm events, mainly, but not entirely, due to the Southwest
Monsoon.
• The high elevation of the upper catchment creating a steep river channel for most of its
length.
32
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
• The abrupt change in slope around Hanwella, which is 35 km upstream of the sea, creating a
situation of a high velocity flow entering a very low energy environment, creating ideal
conditions for out of bank flow, or flood.
16
The classification of floods at Nagalagam gauge station are minor floods (level between 5 ft / 1.5
m and 7 ft /2.1 m), major floods (level is between 7 ft / 2.1 m and 9 ft / 2.7 m), and severe flood
(level exceeds 9 ft / 2.7 m). Gunasekara, I. P. A., “Flood Hazard Mapping in Lower Reach of Kelani
River”, Journal of Engineer Vol. XXXXI, No. 05, 2008.
In addition, the ‘Sri Lanka Comprehensive Disaster Management Program 2014-2018’, has also
attributed the causes of recent flooding to poor land use patterns (such as deforestation, poorly
planned cultivations, and uprooting bank vegetation), sand mining, and the mismanagement of
solid waste that blocks canals, streams and drains and landfills.
Additionally, compared to the past, the recent flood events have seen an increase in the number of
lives lost, and accountability has been given to high precipitation events and flash flood events. For
example, the May 2016 floods lead to the following losses in Colombo and Gampaha Districts:
Colombo District
33
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
• The flood affected 228,871 persons in 54,248 families within 10 DS Divisions (Colombo,
Homagama, Kaduwela, Kesbewa, Kolonnawa, Kotte, Maharagama, Padukka, Seethawaka,
and Thimbirigasaya).
• The worst damages observed were in Kolonnawa, where 155,062 people were affected.13
This was 81% of the total population in the DS division.14
Gampaha District
• The flood affected 74,003 persons in 17,485 families within 13 DS Divisions in the District.
• 10 divisions out of the 13 are within Kelani River Basin Area. Severely affected DSDs were:
Attanagalla, Biyagama, Dompe, Gampaha, Mahara, Ja-Ela, Kelaniya, and Wattala DS.
13
Kolonnawa DS division reported the severest damages in the country as well.
14
Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs and Ministry of Disaster Management, 2016 from Draft SEA report for Kelani
basin.
34
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The immediate beneficiaries of the Project at the government level will be the Irrigation Department,
the Department of Meteorology, the Disaster Management Center, and the National Building
Research Organization, all of which will be able to provide reliable, useful and timely
hydrometeorological information and warnings to their clients (e.g., weather-dependent sectors such
as agriculture, energy, fishery, transport, emergency services, etc) and the general public. Under
Component 1, the new weather forecast system will potentially benefit the entire nation, and the
flood forecasting and warning system will directly benefit approximately five million people living
in flood-prone areas of the 25 river basins. The Project will support community level early warning
systems for severe weather-related events, such as thunderstorms, floods, and flash floods through
the introduction, pilot testing, and operationalization of an impact-based flood forecasting system
and a flash flood guidance system. Similarly, it will support the development of a drought monitoring
system and the development and delivery of enhanced agriculture and climate advisory services
(ACAS) that will directly benefit sectoral working groups in these selected basins (agriculture,
transport, energy, health, fishery, marine, tourism, etc.). For the general public, the two innovative
mechanisms will be introduced: (i) accessibility of user-friendly forecasting and early warning
products to a wider public and sectors; (ii) creation of a National Center for Climate Services (NCCS)
35
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
which will provide end-users and the general public with access to a digital library that contains
climate information and operational products, from risk identification, risk assessment, planning and
prevention, services for response and recovery from hazards, information relevant to climate
variability and change, and information and advice related to adaptation.
The construction of Ambatale Salinity Barrier under Component 2 will help ease the problems of
salinity intrusion and ensure access drinking water supply to the Colombo Municipal Council limits
and surrounding area without hinderance. Likewise, the detailed designs of Wee Oya Reservoir,
Upper Deraniyagala Reservoir, trans-basin diversions from Kelani to dryer river basins and lower
kelani flood protection works in Phase I and their constructions in Phases II and III of the MPA, will
help reduce flood risks in lower Kelani basin, augment drinking water supply to Colombo city, and
generate hydropower. Specifically, the proposed reservoir across Wee Oya would enable the
retention of excess rainwater that flows in to Lower Kelani river basin causing floods. It will also
contribute to reduce the negative impacts of floods on people and their livelihood systems. The
retained excess water in the proposed Wee Oya reservoir can be used to provide supplementary
quantity of water to the drinking water supply schemes established with water from Kalani river.
Some drinking water supply schemes in Kelani river frequently experience water scarcity issues
during dry periods of the year. The proposed Wee Oya Dam also can be used to generate hydro-
power and contribute to the power generation in the country even at small scale. Likewise, the
construction of the Upper Deraniyagala reservoir would cater the increasing demand for drinking
water as well as the flood mitigation in the Lower Kelani basin and hydropower generation.
While the overall program is envisaged to have positive social and environmental benefits and
impacts, the construction of new infrastructure and the upgrading of existing infrastructure,
specifically in Phases II and III of the MPA, are likely to result in significant adverse social impacts
that will need to be mitigated across the detailed design and implementation phases of the
investments.
36
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
As shown in the Table 15 and explained in detail in Section 2, there is a significant diversity in terms
of land use patterns in the Project area, which would be affected by the interventions implemented
under the CRes MPA.
Table 15: Land use pattern in the Colombo, Gampaha, and Kegalle Districts
Type of land Affected Districts
Colombo Gampaha Kegalle
Irrigated paddy land 3% 5% 2%
Rain fed paddy land 8% 10% 4%
Tea 0% 0% 7%
Rubber 24% 3% 21%
Coconut 4% 14% 9%
Cinnamon 0% 0% 0%
Other crops 1% 0% 39%
Forests 3% 2% 11%
Grass/chena (shifting cultivation) 1% 0% 0%
Marshes & mangroves 3% 2% 0%
Home garden 27% 52% 2%
Reservoirs 2% 3% 0%
Buildings 16% 7% 3%
Sand & mountains 0% 0% 0%
Abandoned land 1% 1% 1%
Sacred places, roads, cemetery etc 7% 0% 2%
Overall Land extent in Basin Area 100% 100% 100%
There are a significant number of homesteads, plantations, and commercial and industrial facilities
in the areas earmarked for Phase II and Phase III where the Wee Oya and Upper Deraniyagala
reservoirs are to be constructed. Land acquisition for these reservoirs may impact on these properties
and assets. Additionally, there are hotels, restaurants, and recreational sites in the area to be
inundated. Some agricultural activities could also be observed along the river, especially upstream
from the Hanwella bridge and within the lands identified for the two reservoirs. For example, there
37
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
is a a large-scale greenhouse facility about 6.5 km upstream from the Hanwella bridge on the left
bank located between the Hanwella – Urapola road and the riverbank. Rubber and tea plantations
and paddy could also be observed in the area identified for the two reservoirs. The acquisition of
land may lead to total disruption of these activities. The residential lands affected due to inundation are
cultivated with various perennial and semi-perennial crops such as tea, coconut, rubber and a variety of
other crops grown in home gardens. These crop lands will be affected due to land acquisitions in the area.
38
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Each affected person whose income or livelihood is affected will be assisted to improve, or at least
restore his/her income to pre-project level. Income restoration schemes to be prepared under the
Project will be designed in consultation with affected persons, and in consideration of their resource
base and existing skills.
Under Phase II Project of the CRes MPA, among the affected infrastructure facilities in the Wee
Oya reservoir area are the road known as Punugala road running from Yatiyanthota via
Jayawindagama and Malalpola towards the destination called Seaforth which is the main access to
the proposed project area. This road will be inundated due to the reservoir. This is a type B-road that
falls under the purview of Road Development Authority (RDA). In addition, the internal road
network in Malalpola, Jayawindagama and Dombepola, will also be affected. Majority of these roads
are narrow gravel roads. There is also a mini-hydro power generation plant (6 MW) which will be
affected by the new reservoir. This will deprive the volume of power supplied by the power plant to
39
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
the national grid. About 4km section of the Punugala - Seaforth Road will also get inundated causing
travel and transportation difficulties to the road users. Additionally, a power transmission line that
traverses the Punugala main road that runs across the project area, will also require relocation.
Another significant impact will be on the drinking water. Most of the households in the project areas
(Malalpola, Jayawindagama and Dombepola) depend on small aquifers known as ‘Ulpath’ in the
area. Nearly 90% of the households depend on such water fountains. The rest of the households in
the project area too depend on ground water for drinking purposes. The project can cause adverse
impacts on such drinking water sources. In case of loss of common resources, structures, and
facilities as defined in the EM of the RPF, the same will be restored or reinstalled or access to lost
facilities provided at a new place in consultation with the community or appropriate authority.
Gender is a key concern in relation to the management of social safeguard issues, given the
differential vulnerabilities of the affected men and women. In view of their higher vulnerability
40
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
levels, specific measures are needed to enable affected women, especially in female-headed
households, many of which are poor and vulnerable. These groups will require special support and
interventions to help them cope with the resettlement process. Measures for enhancing positive
benefits to these groups while also minimizing impacts are detailed in Section 5 of this SMF as well
as the accompanying RPF for the CRes MPA.
41
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
and burden on local health services, including sexually transmitted diseases, and gender-based
violence, particularly in the form of inappropriate behaviour.
To address these risks, contractors will be encouraged to tap into the local workforce, to the extent
possible, as well as incorporate social and environmental mitigation measures into the civil works
contract. Further, all the civil works carried out under the Cres MPA will include identification and
assessment of the potential social impacts on local communities that may be generated by labour
influx, development of specific measures to mitigate the risks associated with the social and
environmental impacts from labour influx into the ESMP/SIMP in consultation with affected
communities, monitoring mechanisms to be adopted by project proponents, and site-specific
instruments relating to labour.
42
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
a description of the potential impacts that need to be considered while preparing the detailed designs
of the embankments and the carrying out the relevant environmental and social assessments and
preparing the RAP and other instruments. These impacts are drawn primarily from the Resettlement
Action Plan that was prepared and disclosed in February 2019 for the construction of embankments
from Hanwella to Kaduwella, in the first 15 km stretch of the total embankments that would eventually cover
the length from Hanwella to the sea outfall.
The main characteristic of the project affected area identified for Phase I of the original scope of
CRes MPA was that it had a combination of urban, semi-urban, and/or rural features covering
Hanwella, Dompe, Biyagama, and Homagama and Kaduwella DSDs. The project envisaged a total
of 747 households in the project affected area to be affected both physically and economically. The
project affected area was defined as a 50-foot reservation from the riverbanks on both sides.
Physical Displacement and Relocation: As per the RAP disclosed in February 2019, an estimated
217 households, comprising a total population of 776 individuals, would be affected by the
construction of the flood embankments. Of these 217 households, 203 households would be fully
affected, and 14 would be partially affected. Similarly, a total of 150 commercial businesses were to
be affected (121 fully affected and 29 partially affected) alongside 101 home-based businesses.
Loss of Residential, Commercial, and Agricultural Land: The construction of embankments (along
the 15 km stretch between Hanwella and Kaduwela) is expected to lead to the acquisition of a total
37,946.9 perches (approximately 96 ha). Out of this, most of the land (36,318.4 perches or 91.9 ha)
is private land.15 In land ownership, of the 918 parcels of land that would be affected, 67 percent
have titleholders while 23 percent do not have clear ownership deeds.
Impact on Trees, Crops and Auxillary Structures: Based on the RAP disclosed in Febury 2019, a
total of 33,611 trees were identified in the project area located within the 50-ft reservation line of
which 54 percent were harvesting trees. In addition, there are also auxillary structures present in the
project-affected area most of which were priate structures.
15 Within the private land, 5,633.8 perches (14.2 ha) was commercial land, 15,051.9 perches (38.1 ha) was
agricultural land (almost all of this was plantation land), and 5,816.5 perches (14.7 ha) was residential land.
43
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Impact on Access to River: There are seven public bathing places in the project area used daily for
bathing and washing by over 1,500 persons. The construction of bunds or flood walls would limit
access to these places during construction, especially for women. There were also three ferry
(boatyard) sites out of which two were operational, i.e., they were used by people to cross the river
by boats attached to steel cables. An estimated 500 people used these facilities to cross the river.
Further, hotels that exist close to the river rely on it for their customers’ recreation and enjoyment
of the natural environment. After construction of the embankments, these hotels might have
difficulties retaining their clientele.
Impacts on Infrastructure Facilities and Services: The project would have an impact on the
following roads: Colombo-Avissawella low level road in four places (total length of about 787
meters); 1374 m of secondary roads (Malwana-Biyagama road; Hanwella-Malwana road and
Nawagamuwa – Pahala Mapitigama Road); and 764 m of jeep/ cart track roads. Additionally, there
are four bridges, a flood gauging station, two flood bunds approximately 100m in length, a flood
gate, and the Bomiriya anicut at Wekewatta GND in Kaduwela DSD, that would also be be affected
by the Project. Approximately 2,790 m of electricity lines; 4 steel water supply (transmission) lines
buried in the service corridors alongside the AB-10 road; part of a storage building at the Pahala
Hanwella water supply scheme premises; 100m of main water line belonging to Henpita GND; and
two water tanks and land at Nawagamuwa GND, are additional structures that were envisaged to be
affected as well.
44
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
land and a small building belonging to the Hanwella Pradeshiya Sabha, one plot of land owned by
the Road Development Authority, one plot belonging to the Homagama DSD, drama hall in the
Kaduwela Municipal Council and part of a building and 43 perches of land belonging to the Henpita
Women’s Development Co-operative Society (Henpita GND in the Homagama DSD) are also
structures located inside the 50-foot reservation in the first 15 km of the proposed embankments.
45
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Land Acquisition Act No. 9 of 1950 (LAA), which guarantees that no person is deprived of land
except under the provisions of the LAA and entitles APs to compensation for the loss of lands, loss
of fixed assets, and loss of income.
Land Acquisition Regulations 2008 (LAR 2008), which includes the provision of statutory payments
of compensation for affected land at market rates, reconstruction cost of structure without
depreciation, and valuation for whole plot of land for determining proportional unit cost for the
affected land parcel, business losses, and relocation assistance.
Land Acquisition Regulations 2013 (LAR 2013), which provides for a compensation package that
goes beyond that prescribed in the LAR 2008, including ex gratia and non-statutory payments of
compensation through the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Committee (LARC) and Super LARC
systems for ‘specified projects’ by the Ministry of Lands.
46
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
National Involuntary Resettlement Policy 2001 (NIRP) includes several principles/features that
brings the acquisition, resettlement, and rehabilitation procedures of the GoSL closer to the World
Bank’s policies. Some of these include avoiding involuntary resettlement to the extent possible;
guaranteeing adequate compensation, based on replacement value; and inclusion of APs in
decisionmaking relating to relocation and resettlement processes.
In addition to the above laws and policies, there are several other legal instruments in Sri Lanka that
address issues of land acquisition. Summaries of these instruments and their application to the
Project are elaborated in the RPF prepared under the Project.
Application to CRes MPA: Any sub-project activity requiring land acquisition of both permanent
and temporary nature, particularly those resulting in impacts on properties and/or livelihoods of
individuals and groups, will need to follow the provisions provided in the Acts, regulations, and the
policies. These provisions and the World Bank policies, Operational Policy 4.12 (OP 4.12), will
apply to determining the entitlements, valuation of assets, payment of compensation, and/or
extending other types of assistance to the APs and families.
4.1.2 Laws relating to women, labour, vulnerable groups, and cultural heritage
4.1.2.1 Constitution of Sri Lanka
Chapter 3 of the Constitution of Sri Lanka enshrines Fundamental Rights, including the right to
equality before the law and the right to be free from discrimination on the grounds of race, religion,
language, caste, sex, political opinion, and place of birth. Further, Chapter 6 of the Constitution
provides Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties, including the realization by
all citizens of an adequate standard of living for themselves and their families, including adequate
food, clothing and housing, the continuous improvement of living conditions and the full enjoyment
of leisure and social and cultural opportunities, and further, that the state shall protect, preserve, and
improve the environment for the benefit of the community.
Application to CRes MPA: Adherence to the constitutional guarantees of the right to equality the
right to non-discrimination will be observed during the design and implementation of the Project
and its activities.
47
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Application to CRes MPA: Contractors and all agencies/authorities that hire workers will have to
adhere to the labour laws. In addition, they will be required to prepare their own Environmental and
Social Management Plan and/or a Social Impact Mitigation Plan that will provide details on how the
contractor will comply with the national labor laws as well as the RPF, SMF and the EAMF prepared
under the CRes MPA.
48
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Application to CRes MPA: Contractors and all agencies/authorities that hire workers under
activities funded by the Project will be expected to adhere to social security benefits to be provided
to workers, if and when applicable. Further, specific measures will be developed under the CRes
MPA to ensure that adverse impacts on vulnerable groups identified under the project are minimized
while positive benefits are enhanced.
Application to Cres MPA: Specific measures developed under the CRes MPA to support women
and vulnerable groups will adhere to the obligations made under the Charter.
49
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
1988, and the Galle Heritage Foundation Act No. 7 of 1994. Natural heritage is protected by the
Natural Heritage Wilderness Areas Act No. 3 of 1988, and the National Environment Act No. 47 of
1980 stipulates the protection on both cultural and natural heritage.
Application to CRes MPA: Interventions under the CRes MPA may have an adverse impact on
sites of archeological and cultural significance. Specific measures to ensure chance find physical
cultural resources are managed as per this ordinance, specific measures are embedded into the project
environmental and social due diligence procedures.
50
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
the commencement of the project, and the reasons for urgency are required to be communicated to
the RTI Commission.
Application to CRes MPA: Mechanisms and procedures for consultations, information disclosure,
and the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will adhere to the provisions in the Act.
Further, the National Environment Act No. 47 of 1980, as amended in 1988, also refers to
involuntary resettlement. The Minister has by Gazette notifications 772/22 published on 24 June
1993 and No 859/14 of 23.02.1995, determined the types of projects for which an EIA is required
under Part IV (c) of the Act. The prescribed project schedule requiring EIA includes item 12, which
refers to “involuntary resettlement exceeding 20 families, other than resettlement resulting from
emergency situations”.
The Minister by order published in the Gazette has specified the projects and undertakings in respect
of which approval should be obtained from the Project Approving Agency (PAAs). Typically, the
51
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
PAA is also the project proponent and is required to prepare an IEE or EIA according to CEA
guidelines.
Application to CRess MPA: The proposed program includes several physical interventions,
including the flood bunds and the construction of upstream reservoirs, which are projects that require
an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) under the provisions in the National Environmental
Act. The guidelines provided in the EAMF, prepared under the CRes MPA, will be applied to adhere
to the provisions under the Act.
Application to CRes MPA: As the whole Project focuses on flood mitigation, the provisions of the
Act are relevant and will be adhered to in the design and implementation of different interventions
under the CRes MPA.
52
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
disaster affected areas; the effective use of resources for preparedness prevention, response, relief,
reconstruction, and rehabilitation; and the enhancement of public awareness and training to help
people to protect themselves from disasters. Under section 10 of the Act, every ministry, government
department, and corporation must prepare a Disaster Management Plan to counter any disaster or
impending disaster. This must be done in accordance with any guidelines set out by the NCDM.
Application to CRes MPA: The Project itself is a response to an associated disaster. Thus, all the
provisions in the Act will be applicable under the CRes MPA.
Application to CRes MPA: The Project will work in close co-ordination with the Water Resources
Board, under whose jurisdiction is the main drinking water supply intake to Colombo city located at
Ambatale. The Project will involve the construction of a new salinity barrier at this location where
close collaboration between the Water Resources Board and the Irrigation Department will be
required for sound implementation.
4.1.2.5 Sri Lanka Land Reclamation and Development Corporation Act No. 15 of 1968
The Sri Lanka Land Development Corporation (SLLDC), initially known as the Colombo District
Low-Lying Areas Reclamation and Development Board, was established by Act No. 15 of 1968.
The mandate of the SLLDC is to: reclaim and develop marshy and low-lying areas of land declared
as such in order to render such areas suitable for building, industrial, commercial, or agricultural
purposes; have the custody, management, and control of reclaimed areas; undertake construction
53
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
work and consultancy services in the field of engineering; and to have the custody, management,
improvement, maintenance, and control of canals and the prevention of pollution of canals.
Application to the CRes MPA: The Kelani River Basin includes several key retention areas that
come under the SLLDC. The flood and drought management activities proposed are being designed
in close collaboration between the SLLDC and the ID. It is essential that any wetlands identified by
the SLLDC for protection are maintained in the same way as part of Project interventions. Any works
on these retention areas will need concurrence from the SLLDC as per their mandate.
54
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
provincial director, a chief engineer is responsible for each district in each province. Several
executive engineers are appointed to work under the chief engineer. RDA also has a Project
Management Unit (PMU) system for certain projects, which is headed by a Project Director with the
assistance of engineering and administrative personnel who are assigned to or contracted for the
project. The PMU system is mainly used for projects funded by international development agencies.
The MPA may require the intervention of RDA in the event of having to re-align, re-construct or
develop the road network that would be affected by the construction of river embankments and their
associated infrastructure.
55
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
56
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
of Fines (Amendment) Act No. 12 of 2005, and The Recovery of Government Possession Act No.
07 of 1979.
Sections 104 to 109 of the Urban Councils Ordinance No. 61 of 1939 incorporate provisions with
respect to drainage within the area of its authority. Section 104 authorizes an urban council to layout,
make, alter or extend any drain for the effectual draining of any area within the town. Section 105
empowers it to maintain, repair, enlarge or alter any public drains, culverts, gutters, and watercourses
57
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
so that no nuisance is created by such act. Moreover, no new building can be erected over any public
drain, culvert, or watercourse.
58
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
this SMF, the relevant ones include OP/BP 4.01 on Environment Assessment and OP/BP 4.12 on
Involuntary Resettlement.
59
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
In situations where there are risks and impacts associated with the losses mentioned above, the World
Bank requires that the borrower prepares a Resettlement Plan or a Resettlement Policy Framework
(RPF).
The RPF accompanying this SMF provides specific guidelines to address the risks associated with
land acquisition and involuntary resettlement in compliance with OP 4.12, while this SMF focuses
mainly on non-land related social impacts associated with/BP OP 4.01.
There are ten Environmental and Social Standards (ESS), which specify the standards that the
borrower and the project will have to meet through the project life cycle. The ten environmental and
social standards are:
ESS 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts.
ESS 2: Labor and Working Conditions.
ESS 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management.
ESS 4: Community Health and Safety.
ESS 5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement.
ESS 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources.
ESS7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local
Communities.
ESS 8: Cultural Heritage.
ESS 9: Financial Intermediaries; and
ESS 10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure.
60
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
If financed by the World Bank, ESS 1, ESS 2, ESS 4, ESS 5, ESS 6, ESS 8 and ESS10 are applicable
to the CRes MPA interventions in the Kelani river basin.
4.3.3.1 ESS 1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts
ESS 1 applies to all projects supported by the World Bank.
One of the main requirements of the ESS1 is that the Borrower has to assess, manage and monitor
the environmental and social risks and impacts of the project throughout the project life cycle so as
to meet the requirements of the ESSs in a manner and within a timeframe acceptable to the Bank.
The Borrower has to (a) Conduct an environmental and social assessment of the proposed project,
including stakeholder engagement; (b) Undertake stakeholder engagement and disclose appropriate
information in accordance with ESS10; (c) Develop an Environmental and Social Commitment Plan
(ESCP), and implement all measures and actions set out in the legal agreement including the ESCP;
61
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
and (d) Conduct monitoring and reporting on the environmental and social performance of the
project against the ESSs.
Application to the CRes MPA: When carrying out CRes MPA interventions in Kelani river basin,
steps will be taken to avoid, minimize, or reduce risks. If any residual impacts remain, they will be
mitigated. In the case of upstream reservoirs, adequate measures will be implemented to resettle or
provide compensation to the impacted persons. In the downstream areas, all steps will be taken to
avoid, minimize or reduce any impact to the communities and the public.
The applicability of ESS2 is established during the environmental and social assessment described
in ESS1.
The requirements of ESS2 include: establishing working conditions and management of worker
relationships (terms and conditions of employment, nondiscrimination and equal opportunity, and
worker’s organisations); protecting workforce (enforce regulations related to child labor and
minimum age and forced labor); establishing grievance mechanisms, maintain Occupational Health
and Safety (OHS); Engage contract workers who are legitimate and reliable, engage community
workers/volunteers where offered and appropriate and establish labor management procedures
where the primary supply of workers involve a significant risk of child labor or forced labor.
62
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Application to the CRes MPA: Steps will be taken to create safe workplace and work sites while
maintaining good sanitary conditions. Equal opportunities will be provided for all project workers
without gender bias, and vulnerable groups will be protected.
Requirements under ESS3 include that the Borrower should consider and apply technically and
financially feasible resources efficiently in accordance with the mitigation hierarchy (mentioned
under ESS1). Resource efficiency includes the areas of energy use, water use and the use of raw
material. Pollution prevention management includes the area of management of air pollution,
hazardous and nonhazardous waste, chemical and hazardous materials, and pesticides.
Application to the CRes MPA: The project will ensure the sustainable use of resources including
energy and natural resources. Environmental impacts will be prevented or minimized through
emissions and solid waste management.
63
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
• Avoid or minimize community exposure to project-related traffic and road safety risks, diseases,
and hazardous materials.
• Have in place effective measures to address emergency events.
• Ensure that the safeguarding of personnel and property is carried out in a manner that avoids or
minimizes risks to the project-affected communities.
The requirements of ESS4 include: (a) ensuring community health and safety through looking into
the areas of infrastructure and equipment design and safety, safety of service, traffic and road safety,
ecosystem services, community exposure to health issues, management and safety of hazardous
materials, emergency preparedness and response; and (b) employing and managing security
personnel in a way that there is no risk posed to those within and outside the project site.
Application to the CRes MPA: It is a prime concern of the project to manage all relevant health
and safety issues within the project area. CRes MPA will be guided by this policy to manage
community health and safety issues. Safety of the communities and road users will be assured
through a well-planned traffic management system during the implementation stage.
4.3.3.5 ESS5 – Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement
ESS5 recognizes that project-related land acquisition and restrictions on land use can have adverse
impacts on communities and persons. Therefore, the ESS5 guides the project partner agencies in
screening the projects for social impacts in accordance with the applicable national laws and
regulations and the Bank’s safeguard policies.
The objectives of the ESS5 are to:
• To avoid involuntary resettlement or, when unavoidable, minimize involuntary resettlement by
exploring project design alternatives.
• To avoid forced eviction.
• To mitigate unavoidable adverse social and economic impacts from land acquisition or
restrictions on land use by: (a) providing timely compensation for loss of assets at replacement
cost and (b) assisting displaced persons in their efforts to improve, or at least restore, their
livelihoods and living standards, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing
prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.
• To improve living conditions of poor or vulnerable persons who are physically displaced,
through provision of adequate housing, access to services and facilities, and security of tenure.
64
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The ESS5 is established during the environmental and social assessment as described in ESS1
(Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts).
As will be elaborated below, the requirements of ESS5 include the areas of general requirements
(eligibility classification, project design, compensation benefits for affected persons, community
engagement, grievance mechanism and planning and implementation); requirements related to
displacement (physical and economic displacement); requirements to collaborate with other
responsible agencies or subnational jurisdictions and the requirements of technical and financial
assistance.
ESS5 applies to permanent or temporary physical and economic displacement resulting from the
following types of land acquisition or restrictions on land use imposed in connection with project
implementation: (a) Land rights or land use rights acquired or restricted through expropriation or
other compulsory procedures in accordance with national law; (b) Land rights or land use rights
acquired or restricted through negotiated settlements with property owners or those with legal rights
to the land, if failure to reach settlement would have resulted in expropriation or other compulsory
procedures; (c) Restrictions on land use and access to natural resources that cause a community or
groups within a community to lose access to resource usage where they have traditional or customary
tenure, or recognizable usage rights.
This may include situations where legally designated protected areas, forests, biodiversity areas or
buffer zones are established in connection with the project; (d) Relocation of people without formal,
traditional, or recognizable usage rights, who are occupying or utilizing land prior to a project-
specific cut-off date; (e) Displacement of people as a result of project impacts that render their land
unusable or inaccessible; (f) Restriction on access to land or use of other resources including
communal property and natural resources such as marine and aquatic resources, timber and non-
timber forest products, fresh water, medicinal plants, hunting and gathering grounds and grazing and
65
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
cropping areas; (g) Land rights or claims to land or resources relinquished by individuals or
communities without full payment of compensation; and (h) Land acquisition or land use restrictions
occurring prior to the project, but which were undertaken or initiated in anticipation of, or in
preparation for the project.
ESS5 does not apply to: (a) Impacts on incomes or livelihoods that are not a direct result of land
acquisition or land use restrictions imposed by the project. (b) Voluntary, legally recorded market
transactions in which the seller is given a genuine opportunity to retain the land and to refuse to sell
it and is fully informed about available choices and their implications. (c) Disputes between private
parties in land titling or related contexts (d) Land use planning or the regulation of natural resources
to promote their sustainability on a regional, national, or subnational level (including watershed
management, groundwater management, fisheries management, and coastal zone management). (e)
Management of refugees from, or persons internally displaced by, natural disasters, conflict, crime,
or violence.
Affected persons of land acquisition, restrictions on land use and involuntary resettlement may be
classified as: (a) Who have formal legal rights to land or assets; (b) Who do not have formal legal
rights to land or assets but have a claim to land or assets that is recognized or recognizable under
national law; or (c) Who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land or assets they occupy
or use. The Borrower must conduct a census to identify the persons who will be affected by the
project and to establish an inventory of land and assets to be affected.
ESS5 requires that the Borrower ensures that involuntary land acquisition or restrictions on land use
are limited to direct project requirements and that the Borrower considers feasible alternative project
designs to minimize involuntary land acquisition or restrictions on land use.
The provision of compensation and benefits for affected persons under ESS5 requires that the
Borrower offers affected persons compensation at replacement cost, and other assistance as may be
necessary to help them improve or at least restore their standards of living or livelihoods. The
Borrower can take possession of acquired land and related assets only after compensation in
accordance with ESS5 has been made available.
66
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The Borrower should conduct community consultation with affected communities, including host
communities through the process of stakeholder engagement described in ESS10. Decision-making
processes related to resettlement and livelihood restoration will include options and alternatives from
which affected persons may choose. Disclosure of relevant information and meaningful participation
of affected communities and persons will take place during the consideration of alternative project
designs referred to in paragraph 11, and thereafter throughout the planning, implementation,
monitoring, and evaluation of the compensation process, livelihood restoration activities, and
relocation process. Additional provisions apply to consultations with displaced Indigenous Peoples,
in accordance with ESS7.
The consultation process should also involve women’s perspectives. Intra-household analysis is
required where men’s and women’s livelihoods are impacted differently.
The Borrower should also ensure that grievance mechanisms are in place in accordance with ESS10.
ESS5 also includes the instructions for the planning and implementation of the census of affected
persons and the inventory of land and assets. Instructions are also included on preparing a plan on
addressing the social and environmental issues identified in the environmental and social assessment.
This plan should also include the roles and responsibilities relating to financing and implementation
and include arrangements for contingency financing to meet unanticipated costs, as well as
arrangements for timely and coordinated response to unforeseen circumstances impeding progress
toward desired outcomes. The Borrower should also establish the procedures for monitoring and
evaluation of the plan after implementation.
ESS5 also covers the criteria that the Borrower should follow when addressing impacts of physical
and economic displacement.
The Borrower should also collaborate with other responsible agencies or subnational jurisdictions
that are responsible for any aspects of land acquisition, resettlement planning, or provision of
necessary assistance. Where the capacity of other responsible agencies is limited, the Borrower has
to actively support resettlement planning, implementation, and monitoring.
67
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
ESS5 also makes further technical and financial assistance available for the Borrower from the Bank
to strengthen the Borrower’s capacity or the capacity of other responsible agencies in planning,
implementing, and monitoring resettlement.
Application to the CRes MPA: The CRes MPA interventions in the Kelani river basin require
acquisition of private lands and probably the recovery of state lands. Therefore, the ESS5 is
applicable to this project and a Resettlement Policy Framework should be prepared. Accordingly,
this SMF and the accompanying RPF set out the principles for social safeguards managements.
The objectives of ESS8 are to: (a) protect cultural heritage from the adverse impacts of project
activities and support its preservation; (b) address cultural heritage as an integral aspect of
sustainable development; (c) promote meaningful consultation with stakeholders regarding cultural
heritage; and (d) promote the equitable sharing of benefits from the use of cultural heritage.
The main requirements under ESS8 are the (a) general requirements; (b) stakeholder consultation;
(c) measures taken to manage the legally protected cultural heritage areas; (d) and the provision for
specific types of cultural heritage; and (e) commercial use of cultural heritage. These requirements
are discussed below.
ESS8 applies to all projects which: (a) involves excavations, demolition, movement of earth,
flooding or other changes in the physical environment; (b) Is located within a legally protected area
or a legally defined buffer zone; (c) Is located in, or in the vicinity of, a recognized cultural heritage
site; or (d) Is specifically designed to support the conservation, management and use of cultural
heritage.
The requirements of ESS8 apply to cultural heritage regardless of whether it has been legally
protected or previously identified or disturbed. If the proposed project will be located within a legally
68
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
protected area or a legally defined buffer zone, the Borrower will (a) Comply with local, national,
regional or international cultural heritage regulations6 and the protected area management plans; (b)
Consult the protected area sponsors and managers, project-affected parties (including individuals
and communities) and other interested parties on the proposed project; and (c) Implement additional
programs, as appropriate, to promote and enhance the conservation aims of the protected area.
Specific types of cultural heritage listed under ESS8 include archaeological sites and material, built
heritage, natural features with cultural significance and movable cultural heritage. Archaeological
sites comprise any combination of structural remains, artifacts, human or ecological elements and
may be located entirely beneath, partially above, or entirely above the land or water surface. Built
Heritage refers to single or groups of architectural works in their urban or rural setting as evidence
of a particular civilization, a significant development, or a historic event.
Built Heritage includes groups of buildings, structures and open spaces constituting past or
contemporary human settlements that are recognized as cohesive and valuable from an architectural,
aesthetic, spiritual or sociocultural perspective. Natural features may be imbued with cultural
heritage significance. Examples include sacred hills, mountains, landscapes, streams, rivers,
waterfalls, caves and rocks; sacred trees or plants, groves and forests; carvings or paintings on
exposed rock faces or in caves; and paleontological deposits of early human, animal or fossilized
remains. The significance of such heritage may be localized in small community groups or minority
populations. Movable cultural heritage includes such objects as: historic or rare books and
manuscripts; paintings, drawings, sculptures, statuettes, and carvings; modern or historic religious
items; historic costumes, jewelry and textiles; fragments of monuments or historic buildings;
archaeological material; and natural history collections such as shells, flora, or minerals.
ESS8 recommends avoiding impacts on cultural heritage as the first measure. When avoidance is
not possible, the Borrower has to identify and implement measures according to the mitigation
hierarchy: relocating or modifying the physical footprint of the project; conservation and
rehabilitation in situ; relocation of cultural heritage; documentation; strengthening the capacity of
national and subnational institutions responsible for managing cultural heritage affected by the
project; establishment of a monitoring system to track the progress and efficacy of these activities;
establishment of an implementation schedule and required budget for the identified mitigation
69
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
measures; and cataloguing of finds. Where necessary, the Borrower should involve cultural heritage
experts in the environmental and social assessment.
Application to the CRes MPA: CRes MPA interventions in Kelani river basin could impact on any
type of cultural heritage listed above (archaeological sites and material, built heritage, natural
features with cultural significance and movable cultural heritage) as the project interventions involve
inundation and dredging of sites and relocation of communities. Therefore, the investments under
the project will require careful planning and design to protect the cultural resources in the affected
areas. This aspect will be covered by the RAPs and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the
specific sub-projects covered under the Environmental Assessment Management Framework
(EAMF).
70
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
• To ensure that appropriate project information on environmental and social risks and impacts is
disclosed to stakeholders in a timely, understandable, accessible, and appropriate manner and
format.
• To provide project-affected parties with accessible and inclusive means to raise issues and
grievances and allow Borrowers to respond to and manage such grievances.
The requirements under ESS10 are (a) the engagement of stakeholders during project preparation
(stakeholder identification and analysis, preparation of stakeholder engagement plan, information
disclosure, and meaningful consultation); (b) stakeholder engagement during project
implementation and external reporting; and the (c) establishment of grievance mechanisms.
Application to CRes MPA: Stakeholders were identified and analyzed during the stage of project
preparation for CRes MPA interventions in the Kelani river basin. Stakeholder consultation, by way
of information disclosure, is in progress and will be continuous. Grievance redress mechanisms will
be followed during the stakeholder engagement process.
Further, whereas the LAA will remain the main legal procedure for acquiring any private land
required for the Project, the APs and households will receive eligible compensation and resettlement
71
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
benefits as per the EM given in the accompanying RPF, irrespective of their title or occupancy status
prior to losing shelter, business, assets, and incomes due to this Project.
It is essential to note that while some gaps exist between the GoSL’s national legislation and systems,
and the World Bank’s requirements, safeguards instruments are to be developed based on the World
Bank requirements. Further, the Loan Agreement between the GoSL and the World Bank requires
the Project to be implemented in compliance with the World Bank policies.
72
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Women have less access to land ownership due to the preference of males in personal laws (Kandyan
law, Thesawalamai law, and Muslim law) and common law around state land transfer. The biased
concept of “primogeniture” and “head of household” have also contributed to creating disadvantaged
situation for women on property and land rights in the context of the Land Development Ordinance
(1935)17. A study18 in three sites in Sri Lanka found that 30% of women surveyed reported owning
16
De Silva, K., & Jayathilaka, R. (2014). Gender in the context of disaster risk reduction; a case study of a flood
risk reduction project in the Gampaha District in Sri Lanka. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 873-881.
17
Sri Lanka Shadow Report, The Women and Media Collective Colombo, 2010
(https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/ngo/WMD_SriLanka48.pdf)
18
Property Ownership & Inheritance Rights of Women for Social Protection – The South Asia Experience,
International Center for Research on Women, 2006 (https://www.icrw.org/wp-
73
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
some form of property. Among all the women who reported to own property, 54% of them own a
house only, 13% own a house and land, and 32% own land only.
As part of the implementation plan, a detailed baseline analysis will be carried out to understand how
communities obtain climate and disaster related information, and how these different communities,
including women, people with disabilities, the elderly, or any other such vulnerable groups, can be
effectively informed about such information availed through the MPA. Based on the findings of the
assessment, an action plan for addressing inclusion issues, including gender, in this operation, will
be prepared.
• Organize focused information dissemination and awareness raising for female citizen on flood
early warning and impact-based forecasting (e.g., how early warning and forecasted information
will help women and their families stay safe);
• Support preparation of community disaster management plan in the project sites that will help
the community to take necessary mitigation actions based on the weather information and early
warning to be provided as a result of Component 1:
• The use of citizens’ monitoring committees that review and follow up on quality, safety, and
progress aspects of the interventions. Measures will be put in place to ensure women’s
involvement and increasing leadership in citizens’ monitoring committees. Women will be
supported and trained to play leadership roles in these community groups.
• To address the gap in ownership of assets identified among the affected population in Component
3, the Project will promptly provide options for women to have joint ownership or independent
ownership of the land and house among the resettled household under Component 3 (activity
detail is provided in the description of Component 3)
content/uploads/2016/10/Property-Ownership-and-Inheritance-Rights-of-Women-for-Social-Protection-
TheSouth-Asia-Experience.pdf)
74
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
• Enhance gender sensitivity of decision-makers, including at the Project Coordination team and
other associated agencies such as the NWSDB, CEB, UDA, RDA/ PRDA etc, through
orientation trainings on gender, and ensure women’s voice and participation in decisionmaking
bodies established under the Project, including the Project Coordination team.
• Ensure the inclusion of women in the different consultation activities, including through
organizing targeted meetings for women. Such consultations will seek to address the needs and
explore opportunities to support women and other vulnerable groups.
• Develop a robust Grievance Redressal Mechanism (GRM) that is sensitive to the needs of women
and other vulnerable groups.
A GBV risk assessment was carried out for the original scope of CRes MPA using the tool provided
by the World Bank, and this Project was considered as low risk, with score at 8.75 out of 25. This
means that the potential for incidents of GBV to arise due to the proposed investment is low. To take
appropriate mitigation action, this operation will follow the guidance put forth in the World Bank’s
Good Practice Note on GBV for low-risk projects, as recommended by the WB’s GBV task force,
including having Codes of Conducts among other measures. Due to the nature of the major civil
works involved, the following mitigation measures will be put in place to address the risks:
• All the procurement documents for civil works will put in place codes of conduct and will be
signed by contractors and their employees for appropriate mitigation and prevention actions.
• The GRM will be gender sensitive through: (i) representation of women as GRM committee
members; and (ii) training and capacity building activities for GRM members on gender issues.
• A special procedure will be set up as part of the GRM that can allow GBV-related complaints
to be captured and referred to existing credible care service providers as necessary.
75
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
76
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
77
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
• Child labour and school dropout, especially following the increased opportunities for the host
community to sell goods and services to the incoming workers.
• Risks of exploitation of labourers, especially in the form of hiring underage labourers, low and
unequal wage payments, forced labour, and discrimination on basis of the basis of gender, caste,
religion, or ethnicity.
The potential for these risks is more likely in project sites that are in isolated areas and/or in areas
where the scope of construction work is large and the possibility for hiring local labourers is limited,
thus requiring labourers and workers to be brought in from outside.
To address the above-mentioned impacts from labour influx on local communities, the Project will:
• Reduce labour influx by tapping into the local workforce, to the extent possible.
• Assess and manage labour influx risks based on appropriate instruments; and
• Incorporate social and environmental mitigation measures, including those relating to GBV, into
the civil works contract.
19
Report of the Global Gender-Based Violence Task Force (2017): Working together to prevent sexual
exploitation and abuse: recommendations for World Bank investment projects
78
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
• Develop specific measures to mitigate the risks associated with the social and environmental
impacts from labour influx into the ESMP/SIMP in consultation with affected communities, in
the civil works bidding documents, and subsequent contracts (contractor responsibilities are
outlined in Box 1 below);
• Implement the appropriate mitigation and monitoring programs, which includes the development
and implementation of a stakeholder engagement program;
• Establish a GRM for workers and host community which among others will integrate protocols
established by the World Bank’s Good Practice Note on GBV.
• Monitor and supervise regularly, including on GBV-related issues, in co-ordination with other
government agencies and civil society organisations; and
• Prepare periodic reports for submission to the Project Coordination team, the World Bank, and
other relevant Ministry/government agencies on implementation and the results of the ESMP,
SIMP, EMP, and other relevant plans, as well as the GRM resolutions relating to labour and
GBV-related issues.
Further, mitigation measures will be driven by consultations with stakeholders and in alignment with
the World Bank’s Guidelines on ‘Managing the Risks of Adverse Impacts on Communities from
Temporary Project Induced Labour Influx’. It will be the contractor’s obligation to prepare and
submit a plan that outlines code of conduct for workers, worker camp management plan and
measures to address GBV. These will be part of the tender package and construction contract as
elaborated in Box 1.
(http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/482251502095751999/Working-together-to-prevent-sexual-
exploitation-and-abuse-recommendations-for-World-Bank-investment-projects)
79
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and/or the Social Impact Mitigation Plan
(SIMP) is developed during project preparation. Based on the findings of the screening report and
SIA of the sub-project activities supported under the CRes MPA, the management plans contain
general mitigation measures. These mitigation measures will be part of the tender package and
construction contract.
Prior to starting construction, the Contractor will be required to prepare and submit its own
ESMP/SIMP to the supervision engineer (who is the GoSL’s representative) for acceptance. The
Contractor’s ESMP/SIMP will provide a detailed explanation of how the Contractor will comply
with the Project’s safeguards documents, including the RAP, ESMP, and SIMP, and demonstrate
that sufficient funds are budgeted for that purpose. The Contractor’s ESMP/SIMP will include
management plans for: (i) work activities; (ii) traffic management; (iii) occupational health and
safety; (iv) environmental management; (v) social management; (vi) labour influx and worker camp
management plan; (vii) code of conduct for workers, including measures to address GBV; and (vii)
chance-finds, where relevant.
The Project Coordination team will verify and ensure the consistency of the Contractor’s
ESMP/SIMP, and the plan prepared under each sup-project under the MPA. If issues emerge during
implementation for which the Contractor’s ESMP/SIMP does not contain appropriate mitigation
measures, the Contractor will be required to update their ESMP/SIMP to include such mitigation
measures and, if necessary, the civil works contract will be amended.
Civil works for the CRes MPA sub-projects will not commence until the Contractor prepares an
appropriate ESMP/SIMP, which properly identifies and proposes risk mitigation measures, and it is
approved by the Project Coordination team.
During implementation, the Contractor will implement civil works in accordance with its
ESMP/SIMP, including all works conducted by sub-contractors under the Contractor’s control. The
Contractor will also be required to train workers on the roles and responsibilities under these plans,
policies, and standards.
The Contractor will submit regular reports to the Project Coordination team and/or other relevant
Ministry/Agency and proactively address any issues that arise.
80
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
81
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Identification of Activities
under Project components
No
Yes
No
Yes
Social Screening
All physical interventions will be subject to a social and environmental review (a separate EAMF
has been prepared to guide environmental management) and will be categorised based on the
magnitude of potential impacts and risks in accordance with the social screening criteria. Screening
of subprojects for assessing their potential impacts will be carried out by the Project Coordination
team for each phase of the interventions under the CRes MPA using the Social Screening checklist
given in Annex I. The process of the screening, and subsequently, the screening reports will be
82
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
prepared on the basis of: (i) field visits, data collection, and stakeholder consultations; (ii) data
analysis and interpretation; (iii) impact identification; and (iv) using the ‘Social Screening Format,’
including recommendations for the next steps.
The preliminary assessments conducted during project preparation indicate the need for preparing
Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) for both Phase I and Phase II of the project. For other project
activities where the impacts are not significant, a Social Screening Report (SSR) or an Abbrevaited
Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) could be prepared. The preparation of these safegurds documents
will be the responsibility of the Project Coordination team’s social specialist, other relevant officers
of the social unit and the hired consultants. A sample template for the SSR is provided in Annex II.
83
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Table 16: Types of social safeguards documents required for the Project
Nature of Social Impacts Type of Documents Required
For sub-projects which will result in minor Social Screening Report or Due Diligence
impacts affecting access to residences, Report explaining the procedures adopted to
improvement of existing properties, etc. minimise negative impacts and measures taken
to mitigate construction induced impacts
For sub-projects which will result in Abbreviated Resettlement Plan is required.
affecting less than 200 people, but not Outline of Abbreviated Resettlement Plan is
physically displaced and/or less than 10% provided in the accompanying RPF.
of their productive assets are lost.
For sub-projects that may result in more Full RAP is required, including detailed social
significant impacts, including displacement impact assessment, census survey, inventory of
of more than 200 people, and more than losses. Outline of the RAP is included in the
10% of their productive assets are lost. accompanying RPF.
84
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
submitted to the World Bank for review. The World Bank Task Team will also review the
documents, conduct a due diligence review as needed, and provide feedback (as necessary) to the
Project Coordination team, leading to approval and clearance of the safeguard instruments. The approved
management plans by both the GOSL and the Bank together with their translations in Sinhala and Tamil will
be posted on the project’s website as well as the World Bank’s external website.
85
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The original scope of CRes MPA required the preparation of a number of safeguards instruments for
its Phase I Project, the primary focus of which was the construction of flood protection embankments
in the lower Kelani basin and its associated pumping stations. The safeguards documents prepared
for the original Phase I Project included: a Strategic Social Assessment (SSA), a Social Management
Framework (SMF), a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).
The social team of the Project Coordination team of the CRes MPA was able to proactively engage
with a variety of stakeholders in both information dissemination and consultation processes using
diverse approaches and methodologies during the assessments that they conducted for the purpose
of preparing the above-mentioned documents.
86
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
However, similar consultation processes could not be followed for the revised scope of CRes MPA
because of the strict restrictions imposed by the GOSL to prevent the spread of COVID-19. These
restrictions, among others included travel restrictions, lockdowns, and several health guidelines
preventing any form of face-to-face meetings, public gatherings etc. The restrictions adversely
affected the initial preparatory work of the project such as undertaking field visits to the project
implementing areas, ascertaining the project boundaries, conducting initial screenings for project’s
impacts, and identifying the relevant stakeholders including the project affected persons/households.
Similar consultations with affected parties and other relevant stakeholders will be carried out
throughout the project cycle following the World Bank guidelines for public consultations and
stakeholder engagement in restricted situations 20 proposes alternative ways of managing the
consultations and stakeholder engagement together with a time plan which is presented in Table 17
below. During project implementation, up-to-date information will be provided on the Project
website, social media and local radio and television stations. A Public Information Booklet (PIB)
will be delivered to each household in the immediately affected area which will include among others
relevant information on the project and the rights of the affected people, including the compensation
and rehabilitation measures, and provide information on who to contact in case of doubts or queries.
The PIB will be translated into Sinhala and Tamil.
The draft version of the SMF was posted on the Ministry’s website from 1-10 July 2021, to solicit
comments, and revisions, if relevant, will be done accordingly. The Project Coordination team will
also advertise in the national newspapers soliciting feedback from the pubic.
20 Technical Note: Public Consultations and Stakeholder Engagement in WB supported operations when there are
87
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
use planning officers, government employees, etc. In addition, eight national agencies identified as
key stakeholders were also engaged in this process. The consultations served the purpose of sharing
information about the project and eliciting stakeholder feedback on the project and to explore the
spaces for stakeholder engagement in the project cycle.
The key issues raised by participants and discussed at these previous community consultations are
provided below in Table 17.
88
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
2 Malwana GND (413), - What are the start and end dates of - No compensation can be paid
Dompe DS; 12 the Project? until final court decisions are
October 2018; 15 - Will the boundary line change? made. In cases where
participants. How will claims for undivided ownership of land cannot be
land be certified? determined, the
- What will happen to any access compensation amount will be
roads in the Project area? deposited in escrow account
- How does compensation work for following due diligence
land that has pending court procedures mentioned in the
proceedings? safeguards instruments.
- What will happen to plants and - Trees in the embankment are
trees in the boundary area? on conservation land. Trees
- Can they be cut after within the boundary cannot
compensation? be cut after compensation as
- Pumping stations were necessary they will be the government
along the embankment at property after compensation.
Malwana.
3 Pahala Bomiriya GND - Will there be another boundary - Certification of land
(272A), Dompe DS; 20 beyond the existing 50 feet ownership would be
September 2018; 26 boundary? If so, how will necessary for compensation
participants. accessibility to the area be claims.
affected? - The 3.5 acres related to a
- Will compensation be given for meander. To reduce the
areas affected by current flooding risk caused by the
reservation zone? meander, the extra area was
- Why did the survey mark an area marked. In addition, this
of land around 3.5 acres? was to control illegal
- Would a road be constructed settlements in the area.
along the embankment? - People will be allowed to
- How long will the land walk along the embankment,
acquisition process take? but no vehicles will be
- After the construction is allowed. Once the road is
completed, can other buildings be closed for the construction,
built close to the embankment? If both lanes of the road will
so, what is the minimum distance? be integrated. This will be
- How will rainwater inside the land done in collaboration with
be managed after the bunds a re the RDA and UDA.
constructed? - The land acquisition process
would take approx. 72
weeks. But could also take
89
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
90
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
91
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
92
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Project planning
Information on each stage of the Project will be disclosed to the affected communities in order to
inform them and ascertain their potential roles and responsibilities. At the planning stage, the
participants would be engaged in an interactive process that allows the affected communities, Project
design team and planners to identify the most appropriate alternatives and options for finalizing the
detailed designs. The analysis of who will be affected by the Project, and consultation with the
affected people will be mandatory for preparation of the RAPs. Additionally, the socio-economic
surveys, census, and inventory of potential impacts are an integral prerequisite for preparation of the
RAP.
Project implementation
The Project Coordination team will interact closely with the affected communities during Project
implementation. Much of the discussion will focus on the issues relating to relocation, loss of
livelihood, vulnerabilities, assistance to minimize the impacts on livelihoods, and on the resources
that may be affected during implementation of the Project. The Project Coordination team will also
co-ordinate closely with the relevant line agencies responsible for land acquisition, recovery, and
improvement of livelihoods and income generations. Table 18 indicates the key activities relating
to consultations that will be undertaken during Project identification, planning, design, and
implementation. The exact timing of these activities will be determined by factors that include
progress of the general and detailed designs for each intervention, the prioritization of the project
activities, and the staffing and resources available to the Project Coordination team.
93
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The Project Coordination team will keep records of public consultations, noting dates, locations,
participants, salient issues raised, and responses to such issues. The procedures for consultation and
communication, as well as the dissemination of information, will be formalized by the Project
Coordination team as proposed in the following Table 19.
94
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Public Consultations
95
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Information Sharing
96
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
documentary Feasibility
films studies and
detailed designs
for Upper
Deraniyagala
To introduce All relevant A booklet in all Oct. 2021- For Wee Oya
grievance redress stakeholders including Sinhala, Tamil Dec 2021 and Upper
mechanism and project affected parties and English for Salinity Deraniyagala to
raise awareness languages, Barrier be decided
on the same with newspaper
stakeholders advertisements,
and social
media
Information Disclosure
Information about each phase of the Project will be provided to the public through flyers and public
notices put up at strategic locations, such as Divisional Secretariat offices, Grama Niladhari offices,
and at the site offices established in the field before the land acquisition and resettlement activities
have started. The Project will also provide up-to-date information on the Project website, through
social media and through on local radio and TV stations.
A Public Information Booklet (PIB) will be delivered to each household in the immediately affected
area. It should include relevant information on the Project and should explain the rights of the
affected people, including the compensation and rehabilitation measures, and provide information
on whom to contact in case of doubts or queries. It will be translated into Sinhala and Tamil. The
PIB will include the following information:
• Brief description of the Project.
• Potential impacts that can be expected during the Project.
• Compensation policy and entitlements.
• An outline of the livelihood restoration measures.
• Consultation and participation with affected persons and others, including people living in the
“host communities”.
• Implementation schedule with the names and designations of key officers in charge.
97
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
• Location of the site offices and names, telephone numbers, and emails of the persons to be
contacted for further information.
This SMF prepared for the revised scope of the CRes MPA will be disclosed in both the project’s
official website as well as on World Bank’s external websiteas soon as it is approved by the WB.
Similarly, sub-project specific instruments and plans such as SMPs, RAPs/A-RAPs, SSRs, or other
social impact mitigation plans will also be posted on the above-mentioned websites after review and
clearance by the World Bank and prior to the commencement of the project implementation. At the
sub-project level, the Project Coordination team will work with the local authorities to ensure that
adequate information is available to the public. All the social and environmental safeguards
documentation will be made accessible to the public in local languages through the websites and the
offices of the Project Coordination team, the relevant local authorities, as well as the World Bank’s
external website.
As part of the overall results monitoring framework, the Project will also track the number of
communication and citizen engagement programs implemented, the number of participants involved
in consultation activities during Project implementation, and the resolution of grievances/complaints
filed. Those will also include gender disaggregated data.
98
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The objective of the GRM is to help genuine claimants resolve their problems through a process of
mutual understanding and consensus with the relevant parties at the level of the project. This is in
addition to the formal legal channels for resolving unsatisfied appeals from the public. Since no
major resettlement impacts are anticipated during Phase 1 under the revised scope of CRes MPA,
except for some construction related impacts possibly arising from the construction of the Ambatale
salinity barrier, a multi-tier GRM for grievance resolution will not be required. However, the project
would establish a multi-tier GRM in the subsequent phases of the project as resettlement impacts of
complex nature arising from extensive land acquisitions, displacements and resettlemnets are
anticipated during Phase II and III. The establishment of this GRM will follow the requirements of
the ESF.
For Phase I, there will be a two tier grievance handling mechanism for receiving and resolving
complaints through a process of mutual understanding and consensus with the relevant parties. The
first tier of the GRM would function at the Divisional Secretariat level in the project impacted areas
and chaired by the respective Divisional Secretaries (DS). The second tier of the GRM will be at the
National/Ministry level which will be chaired by the Secretary to the Ministry of Irrigation. The
composition of this two tier GRM is described in the following section.
The scope of the GRM among others would include addressing the issues relating to the following
areas:
• Project implementation areas
• Disruptions to existing resources and utility services
99
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
100
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
The meetings of the national level GRC will be held at the Ministry of Irrigation.
Grievances/complaints appealed to this GRC will be resolved within 15 days of receiving them by
the Secretary to the Ministry.
Apart from the above two grievance redress committees, the The Project Oversight Committee
comprising representatives of multi stakeholder agenciesis to investigate the any other issues that
cannot be settled by these committees.
A variety of methods will be adopted for communicating information to the relevant stakeholders.
These methods would include the display of posters in public places, such as in government offices,
101
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Project offices, community centers, hospitals, and health clinics of the area. Further, information
about the GRM would also be presented in a simple brochure, which will constitute the basic
reference document for the GRM, and disseminated in Sinhala, Tamil, and English. The brochure
will focus on clarifying the aims and procedures of the GRM, with a view to preventing
misunderstandings or ambiguities. However, the document will have to be backed up with a series
of other interventions, including explanation of the process in public meetings, easily accessible on-
line information, and the use of social media.
The GRM will be included as part of the Project’s monitoring system. All complaints will be
registered and tracked through the MIS system. The system will provide quarterly and annual
summaries of the GRM covering the following issues:
• How many complaints have been raised?
• What types of complaints have been raised?
• What is the status of the complaints (rejected or not eligible, under assessment, action agreed
upon, and action being implemented or resolved)?
• How long did it take to resolve the problems?
• How many people have used the grievance redress procedure (disagrregated by gender)?
• What were the outcomes?
The monitoring system will also assess the overall effectiveness and the impact of the GRM. Such
evaluations will be carried out annually, and the results will be used to improve the performance of
the GRM and provide valuable feedback to Project management. The following questions can be
addressed in such evaluations:
• Is the GRM effective in realizing the stated goals, objectives, and principles?
• Is the GRM capable of responding to the range of grievances specified in their scope?
• Is the GRM equipped with an adequate and diverse set of resolution approaches?
• Has the GRM adopted measures to improve the resolution approaches, e.g., capacity building,
consultation, with technical experts.
• Was the GRM effectively integrated into overall Project management?
102
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
At the commencement of the Phase I Project, the Poject Coordination Team under the Ministry of
Irrigation will include a full time and dedicated senior and experienced social development specialist.
However, the project activities expand with the commencement of the construction activities of the
Ambatale salinity barrier and social assessments. Accordingly, while carrying out consultations and
preparation of RAP for the flood risk mitigation interventions of the lower Kelani basin, mainly
flood embankments and pumping houses, the project coordination team will be reinforced with
additional safeguard officers and support staff and will engage individual consultants and local
consultant firms to handle the increased work related to social safeguards management.
With the commencement of Phase II and III, a Social and Resettlement Unit (SRU) will be
established under the Project Coordination team. The SRU will be responsible for social safeguards
management under the Cres MPA, including land acquisition and resettlement activities. The SRU
will be adequately staffed with experienced, as well as new staff, who will be responsible for co-
ordination with the relevant government ministries and departments engaged in the land acquisition
process and the affected parties, and managing the day-to-day activities related to land acquisition
and resettlement.
103
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Table 20 presents a schedule for the key activities relating to land acquisition, resettlement, payment
of compensation, other social impact mitigation strategies, and monitoring related to the Wee Oya
and Upper Deraniyagala reservoirs which are scheduled for implementation in Phase II & III.
104
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
105
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Monitoring System
9.2.1 Monitoring System
A monitoring system will be established to track the progress on social management, including land
acquisition and resettlement programs. The system will have information, including on individual
land plots acquired for the Project, households to be or already resettled, and businesses that will be
or have been affected. The system will be designed in such a way that it would be capable of
generating real-time consolidated reports on the land acquisition, resettlement programs, and other
type of social impact mitigation activities. The information on the individuals, households, and plots
that are affected will be accessible to Project staff and relevant government agencies but will be
confidential and will NOT be accessible to the public. However, the consolidated reports on the
progress of the land acquisition and resettlement programs could be made available on the Project
website.
106
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
In addition, a more detailed stratified sample survey will be carried out to determine whether the
socio-economic conditions, incomes, and living standards of the APs have been restored or
improved.
107
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
monitoring and evaluation would be to determine whether the broader goals are being achieved in
each sub-project, and if not, what corrective actions are needed. The objectives of the external
evaluation will include the following:
• To verify that the safeguard program is being implemented in accordance with the plans and
procedures set out in the RPF and RAPs.
• To verify that the affected households and communities are able to manage the negative impacts
of the Project and have either improved or at least restored their livelihoods and living standards,
including the re-establishment of incomes.
• To ensure that the most vulnerable households, groups, and persons have been included in the
benefits of the Project.
• To obtain the views of the affected households on their compensation, relocation, and
entitlements.
• To review the performance of the implementing agencies, including the Project Coordination
team, registered civil societies, CBOs, and other government agencies involved in the
implementation of the Project.
• To review the performance of the GRM.
The external evaluation agency/consultant will carry out a baseline survey prior to implementation
and carry out periodic updates as agreed. The findings of external monitoring will be submitted to
the Project Coordination team and relevant funding agencies. Given the timing of the Project, it is
envisaged that a separate evaluation will be carried out for each of the resettlement action plan.
Annex IV includes a sample ToR for external monitoring.
108
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
• Periodic reports (monthly and quarterly internal reports for the Project Coordination team, annual
and perhaps six-monthly progress reports for the National Steering Committee and the World
Bank)
• Ad hoc reports on particular issues, generated at the request of management.
• Internal summaries for formal and informal management review.
These monitoring indicators will form the context for the periodic monitoring reports. It will follow
a framework of process, output, and outcome indicators as described in Table 21 below. The progress
of the Project may be tracked through monthly and quarterly summary reviews, as well as bi-annual
or annual progress reports.
109
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
110
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Budget
The activities earmarked for Phase I Project of CRes MPA will primarily focus on stakeholder
idnetifiction, stakeholder consultations, preparation of communication material and project related
information sharing, establishing a grievance redress mechanism and awarenss raising among
stakeholders, conducting social impact assessmnets including surveys and censuses, preparation of
safeguards documents for respective project phases, setting up a MIS database and monitoring. A
tentative budet for realizing the above activities is presented in Table 22. The budget also makes
provisons for recruiting social safeguards staff, establishing field offices and for required equipment
and operational costs. The total budget is SLR 142 million (US$ 0.713 million).
Activity
Rs./ USD/
Mn Mn.
Salinity Barrier, Wee Oya and Upper Deraniyagala
1 Public consultation for all 3 interventions.
National Level 2 workshops, / District Level 3 workshops
Meetings, covering 4 DSDs and 14 GNDs, community group
discussions for information dissemination 8.0 0.040
2 Communication material for all 3 interventions.
Design and printing (3 Leaflet, 3 booklets, billboards, a radio program
and one or two TV programs, paper articles, Website development, 2
documentary films for Wee Oya and Deraniyagala limited to 15
minutes 40.0 0.200
3
Hiring a communication specialist for 6 months
1.5 0.008
4
Grievance’s handling (Payments for GRC members, facilitation,
printing documents etc. (For Salinity Barrier only)
4.0 0.020
5
Preparation of RAPs
60.0
111
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
112
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
2. Location:
3. Nature of Project:
4. Size/Scale:
Are there existing settlements in the project area? If yes, how many households/families? _
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
What is the demographics of the population (e.g., ethnicity, religion)
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
What is the ownership pattern of people in the area (e.g., squatters, titleholders, tenants)? _
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
What are main sources of livelihoods? __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
Are there any existing local organisations?
______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
Are there existing social infrastructures in the area (e.g., schools, health centres, hospitals,
places of worships, roads, etc)
_______________________________________________________________
113
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
Are there any ongoing development projects in the area that involves civil works?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
Does the area have frequent visitors from outside?
_______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
114
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
115
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
20 Does the urban local body have its own procedures for
land acquisition?
Impacts from Labour Influx
Decision on Categorization:
After reviewing the answers above, it is determined that the sub-project will have: [ ]
High/substantial impacts
116
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
[ ] Moderate impacts
[ ] Low/No impact
117
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Proposed
Activity
Implementing Agency:
Sub Project Subproject description: [Describe the type of subproject, its specific objectives,
Description identified location of the subproject (District, DS division, GND, village), extent of
the land required for the subproject construction, how would this land be obtained
for the subproject (e.g. acquisition, purchase, donation etc.), technical design of the
subproject, timeframe for subproject completion, how the subproject would be
implemented (executing agency and the implementing agency) etc. Append maps of
the subproject location and the technical design].
Community Profile: [Describe the socioeconomic profile of the project impact area
and provide details of its demography, livelihood patterns and sources, income and
expenditure patterns of the households, household poverty levels, community access
to services (water, electricity, education, health etc.), gender related issues etc.]
Social Impacts: [Describe the positive and negative impacts of the subproject.
Would the subproject result in land acquisitions; would the subproject result in any
118
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Mitigation measures: [Describe what the measures suggested and the actions
proposed to mitigate/ avoid/minimise the adverse impacts on affected households
and communities].
119
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Annex III: Terms of Reference for a carrying out SIA and preparing Social
Safeguard Action Plans
1. Description of Project Background
The Social Assessment will help to understand key social issues, identify risks and impacts on
populations, institutional and legal settings in which social safeguard measures will be planned and
implemented. Based on the Social Assessment and technical design of the sub-project intervention,
a Social Screening Report (SSR) will be prepared. The SSR will help determine the need for a
detailed Social Impact Assessment (SIA) and other due diligence studies like the tracer survey, social
audit, asset valuation as provided for in the SMF and the RPF prepared under the Project, and prepare
SIMP and RAP/A-RAP, if deemed necessary. The study will be within the context of the GoSL’s
previous experience in land acquisition and involuntary resettlement management, various policies,
and institutions in place, and meeting the safeguard requirements of the World Bank.
4. Specific Objectives:
• To carry out as a part of the Social Assessment a rapid review of social issues involved and
prepare a broad-based social assessment of the project (focusing on components and likely
activities), highlighting potential positive and negative impacts of the project. To review policy
and acts/ regulations of GoSL and the World Bank (OP 4.12) to identify applicable provisions
120
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
in the proposed project and suggest ways to fill any gap between the GoSL and the World Bank
requirements.
• To understand roles and responsibilities and assess capacity of the Country institutions involved
in the Project to manage social development issues including safeguards, offer guidelines for
capacity development to address any gaps.
• To carry out social screening for the sub-project activities to see if there could be any adverse
social impacts, and, if confirmed, carry out social impact assessment and other due diligence
studies (tracer survey, social audit, asset valuation, due diligence report)
• To develop a Social Impact Mitigation Plan (SIMP) for the sub-project implementation, and if
required a RAP/A-RAP (fulfilling requirements of the SMF and the RPF and integrating
participation and social accountability guidelines).
5. Tasks: The scope of services comprises, without being limited to, the following:
Task - 1: Social Assessment. This will include the following:
Situation Assessment: A rapid analysis of the developmental, socio-cultural and political economic
context based on information available from the government, stakeholder consultations, primary and
secondary sources, and media reports relevant to the project. This analysis will briefly describe the
context for the project, including the historical context (e.g. post conflict/peace dividends) for the
growth of the country/region/locality, overall institutional environment, political economic aspects,
and any conflict risks.
Analysis of Key Social Impacts, Risks and Opportunities: This section will discuss the
socioeconomic and cultural profile of the people likely to benefit/be adversely affected, their
interests and levels of influence on project outcomes; positive/negative impacts on the poor/
marginalized groups; role of civil society, opportunities to engage with them for better outcomes;
any conflict risks that may affect implementation; impacts due to labor influx, including risks of
gender based violence, child labor, etc. Analysis of key social risks will include likelihood of
involuntary resettlement, issues of gender equality, social inclusion, labor issues, camp management
and workers’ code of conduct, and social accountability. A Stakeholder Analysis will be conducted
through consultations to identify and assess the role and influence various stakeholders including the
impacted people.
121
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Analysis of Legislative and Regulative Frameworks. The consultant will describe the policy context
with special attention to legislations on social dimensions relevant to the Project. The consultant will
also review the World Bank safeguard provisions that need to be complied with and will suggest
measures to fill any gaps between the Bank and government policies.
Review of Experience in Social Management. The consultant will review the country experience in
LA & R&R; vulnerable community development and social accountability in key participating
institutions that will be responsible for the implementation of the project.
Institutional and Capacity Assessment. The consultant will review the existing institutional
mechanisms and capacity of the involved institutions for social management including the existence
of units/ focal points for addressing land acquisition, resettlement and other social dimensions, their
powers, functions and effectiveness.
Analysis of Social Inclusion and Social Accountability. The Consultant will make an analysis of
prevalent social accountability policies and practices promoting demand for ―good governance’
(DFGG) involving downward accountability and explore opportunities for strengthening
DFGG/social accountability through participation of community groups, impacted people, other
stakeholders, civil society organisations (CSO) in planning, implementing, and monitoring the
project and the municipalities’ responsiveness and efficiency in meeting people’s needs.
122
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
123
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
8. Duration of the service: The time required for this assignment is envisaged to be 4 months.
9. Qualification of Expert: The consultant/s should include a team leader and Social Development
experts with experience in resettlement, community development, and social
inclusion/accountability, with higher degree in Social Sciences. In particular:
Team Leader: a senior specialist, with at least ten years of experience in Social Development, He/
she should have delivered Social Assessment, SMF, RAP earlier for external donor funded projects.
Experience in urban resettlement, community development will be considered an added
qualification. He/she should also have proven ability to command a team and ensure targets and
deadlines are met and to ensure quality of outputs meet client expectation and demonstrated
proficiency in writing and speaking in English. He/she is expected to have experience with the
124
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Social Development Specialist, with at least 5 years’ experience in the field, working with poor
urban communities, organizing surveys and managing interaction with communities and civil
society. Prior experience with the application of good-governance tools such like citizen/community
score cards, participative monitoring and evaluation, grievance redress and complaint handling,
conflict mediation, information, education and communication is a plus.
Social Development Analyst, with relevant degree in social science and demonstrated proficiency
in writing and speaking in English
The Consultant should explain in advance, in the inception report, the team it will mobilize to deliver
the above tasks, especially the Task-3, which will require census survey.
11. Other Information: The consultants are advised to refer to the following World Bank policies
in addition to any other resources that they may deem fit: OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement
& OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources. Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook; the consultant
may refer to www.worldbank.org/socialanalysissourcebook.
125
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Annex IV: Sample Terms of Reference for Hiring External Monitoring and
Review Consultants
Objective: The Climate Resilience Multi-Phase Approach (CRes MPA) has prepared a Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF) as per the national regulations and World Bank’s operational policies
(social safeguards) to identify and mitigate unavoidable involuntary resettlement impacts of [project
description].
The RPF has provisions to provide the affected families with compensation and rehabilitation
support by engaging consultants to assess impacts and prepare plans and External Consultants for
facilitating support for community participation and income restoration and enhance accountability
in the implementation process. This ToR provides the nature and scope of tasks and deliverables to
be undertaken by the prospective consultants to be engaged for this purpose with reporting
arrangements and timeframe. The [line Ministry] invites Expressions of Interest (EOI) from
wellestablished consultants with substantial experience in urban resettlement and slum issues, urban
governance, and income generation to assist in the R&R process.
Reporting Arrangements: The consultants will work at the project level under the supervision of
Project Director and Deputy Project Director (Social) of the concerned line Ministry/Agency. The
respective department/units of the line Ministry/Agency will provide overall policy and training
support to consultants, the actual execution will be done by the private partner and other agencies
such as [name of other GOSL agencies involved] in coordination with the Project Coordiantion team.
Scope of Work
1. Strengthen people’s awareness regarding the project, their rights and entitlements.
2. Strengthen participation of APs in livelihood and income restoration activities.
3. Strengthen transparency in the LA and RR through social accountability measures such as
community display boards, information dissemination, and regular consultation.
4. Strengthen women’s participation in R&R process with special focus on livelihoods.
5. Assist in identifying and enabling vulnerable families to cope with resettlement.
6. Assist in providing post resettlement support to the relocated families; and
7. The employer may assign such other assignments relevant to strengthening social inclusion and
equity in the R&R process as required.
126
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Specific Tasks
Relocation Support: The consultant will assist with facilitating smooth relocation of affected people
from the affected site to the resettlement sites and help them to re-establish their shelter and
businesses and monitor and document the process. It will provide women headed and vulnerable
displaced families with need-based capacity building support in addition to R&R benefits.
Information, Education and Communication: The consultants will assist in IEC activities through
public meetings and consultations with the AP and vulnerable groups and their organisations like
CBO. The consultant will establish rapport with APs and inform them about their entitlements
provisioned in the RPF and RAPs. It will raise their awareness regarding documentation and
procedures to receive their rights and benefits. The consultant will organize AP beneficiaries’ groups
and inform and consult on the program and dispel misinformation. The consultant will facilitate AP
interactions with the Project personnel and local authorities. Consultant will organize monthly
meetings with APs at predisclosed time and locations. Decisions taken in these meetings will be
documented and submitted to concerned line Ministry and Agency as well as private partner and
other partner agencies as part of monthly progress reports.
AP Identification and Verification: The consultant will cross verify through consultation with
community groups the list of eligible vulnerable families and squatters and assist in issuing ID cards
to the APs eligible. The consultant will also act as a medium for recording AP grievances and
informing the concerned government institution/ private partner and other partner agencies for
action.
Hand Holding Support for Livelihood/Income Restoration: The consultant will assist the APs in
opening bank accounts; counsel them regarding utilization of the R&R assistance, educate them
about investment options and enable them to restore their incomes. For this purpose, the consultant
will advise the Project to disburse R&R package in a manner that will economically benefit them
most. Consultant may form local thrift and credit groups, help APs with skill training for income
generation.
Coordination and Mainstream Linkage: The consultant will coordinate with government/other
mainstream institutions to strengthen socio-economic development of the resettled families and
enhancing their access to welfare and income schemes.
Capacity building for Condominium Management: The consultant will provide training to their
settled people at the new sites to build their capacity to manage their own affairs in a sustainable
manner.
127
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, July 2021
Households/Busine Provide sign boards for pedestrians to inform nature Contractor’s cost Construction During
sses/institutions will and duration of construction works and contact Contractor/ Construction
have difficulties in numbers for reporting any complaints. Relevant Line
access during Ministry/line
construction works Agency/LA
Provide walkways and metal sheets where required to -Do- -Do- -Do-
maintain access for people
Special care to be taken wherever the community -Do- -Do- -Do-
sensitive areas are located (specified in the EMP) and
accelerate the civil works in front of critical areas such
as institutions, places of worship, business
establishment, hospitals, and schools
Consult business and institutions regarding
operating hours and factoring this into work schedules -Do- -Do- -Do-
Propose alternative access roads during construction -Do- -Do- -Do-
period.
Do not damage or block the existing access road for -Do- -Do- -Do-
residential areas during construction
Contractor will be instructed to use small excavating -Do- -Do- -Do-
equipment as much as possible to avoid unanticipated
damages.
128
Safety issues to Contactor must comply with the provisions in N/A Construction During
pedestrians, vehicles Health and Safety regulations under the Factory Contractor/ Construction
and workers during Ordinance with regards to provisions of health and Relevant Line
construction using safety measures, amenities at workplaces. Ministry/line
heavy equipment & Agency/LA
machinery Alarm warning to the pedestrian, vehicle and workers Contractor’s Cost -Do- -Do-
using sign boards, fence, band tape, etc.
129
Ensure basic emergency aid service is in place in the Sites, -Do- -Do- -Do-
work site as well in labour camps contractor’s
Vehicle yard
& Labour
camps
Ensure training of basic health and safety be
provided to the work force prior to commencement of -Do- -Do- Before starting
construction with emphasis on all the above critical construction
factors
Clear work camp sites after use and reinstate with Labour camps -Do- -Do- After
vegetation construction
Special traffic management plan and deploying Contractor’s Cost Construction During
additional traffic police should be put in place. Contractor/ Construction
Traffic congestion
RDA/
would be aggravated
Concerned
due to construction
government
works
agency/
Developer/ LA
130
No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Location/ Implementing Cost Responsibility Time Frame
Impacts Place
Shifting of Common If the relocation of common utility services Site N/A -Do- Project Planning
and Private Utility anticipated, prepare an inventory of utilities at Stage
Services proposed sites with assistance of service providers
Prepare relocation plans with service providers for -Do- N/A -Do- Designing stage
utilities to be shifted.
Liaise with NWS&DB, CEB, and SLT to obtain utility
plans & shifting arrangement, machine operator
awareness about utilities and plan rehabilitation routes -Do- N/A -Do- -Do-
and facility sites to avoid existing utilities wherever
possible.
Arrange for service providers to attend to the site When needed Contractor cost -Do- -Do-
immediately to deal with any accidental damage to
utilities.
Ensure the compensation for unexpected structural Project Cost -Do- Before start the
damages due to construction activities by Third Party construction
Insurance Coverage
If any public or private structures are damaged -Do- Insurance Coverage -Do- During
(including by vibration), replace the structures or construction
compensate owners.
131
No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Location/ Implementing Cost Responsibility Time Frame
Impacts Place
05 Siting of construction camps, labour camps, stock yards and managing the risk of adverse impacts on communities from temporary project induced labour
influx - Temporary Impact
If construction Care will be taken not to disturb sensitive areas and Camps/Yards N/A Construction During
camps, labour avoid highly residential areas when selecting sites to Contractor/ construction
camps, stock yards, locate construction camps, labour camps, stock yards, Concerned
vehicle refuelling vehicle refuelling areas etc. and the layout of such government
areas etc. are located place should be approved by the supervision agency/
near sensitive areas consultant Developer/ LA
such as wetlands,
conservation zones Accumulation of water due to blocking of drains due Entire drains Contractor Cost -Do- -Do-
and places of scenic to construction activities should be mitigated by section
beauty or removal of soil and debris from the dumping yards to
recreational value, avoid flooding event.
or any water body,
those areas may be Maintain a sound waste management system within Camps/ -Do- -Do- -Do-
adversely affected. the camps and the site and do not allow to dispose the Yards/ Site
The risks of adverse garbage, wastewater as well as sewerage water to open
impacts on places/land
communities from
temporary project Make the contractors aware of advantages in giving N/A N/A Developer/ -Do-
induced labour priority to selecting labour from project influenced Concerned
influx. areas/local communities to minimise need for erecting government
labour camps and minimise labour influx. agency/
Developer/ LA
132
No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Location/ Implementing Cost Responsibility Time Frame
Impacts Place
Introduce Worker Code of Conduct as part of
employment and sanctions/penalties for N/A Contractor Cost -Do- -Do-
noncompliance
Strengthen law enforcement activities around worker -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
camps and work sites
Establish a grievance redress mechanism for workers -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
and host communities
133
No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Location/ Implementing Cost Responsibility Time Frame
Impacts Place
Receive timely feedback from local/host communities -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
Contractor should adopt formal recruitment
procedures to avoid ad-hoc recruitment of labourers -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
Mandatory and continuous awareness raising for
workers to refrain from unacceptable conduct of -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
behaviour
Keep a complaints/ grievances box and establish a -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
labour GRM to report their grievances
Dust, Noise and Follow guidelines stipulated in the Environmental Sites Contractor’s Cost Concerned During
Vibration during Management Plan (EMP) government construction
construction and agency/
night work will Developer/ LA
No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Location/ Implementing Cost Responsibility Time Frame
Impacts Place
cause Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
inconveniences/ 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day
disturbances to the without hearing protection. The use of hearing
residents protection shall be enforced actively
134
Parking of vehicles Contractor shall rent out suitable places for parking of -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
along the road vehicles used for rehabilitation works which may lead
especially in to inconvenience to communities
residential areas.
08 Social Mobility Issues - Temporary Impact
Social mobility Safeguard Officer (Environment & Social) appointed N/A -Do- -Do- -Do-
issues (community by the contractor need to liaise with stakeholders and
integration build up the community integration.
sensitivities)
09 Occupational Health and Safety - Temporary Impact
Occupational Develop and implement site-specific Health and -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
hazards which can Safety (H&S) plan which will include measures such
arise from working as: (a) excluding public from the site; (b) ensuring all
in subproject workers are provided with and use personal protective
equipment (PPE); (c) H&S Training for all site
personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed
for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-
related accidents.
135
No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Location/ Implementing Cost Responsibility Time Frame
Impacts Place
Provide medical insurance coverage for workers -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
and accident risks
Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
back-up alarms
136
No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Location/ Implementing Cost Responsibility Time Frame
Impacts Place
Absence of enough Provide water and sanitation facilities for -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
sanitary facility for employees/labourers as per IFC 2009 standards (1
female workers, toilet/15 persons) and separate facilities for men and
child labour, wage women.
disparity,
Equal participation of women for the work shall be -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
entitlements for
encouraged and ensure wage parity during the
leave, lack of
implementation of sub projects according to GoSL’s
awareness for
labour policy, women are given equal pay for work
workers,
of equal value. (This will be included in the
encouraging local
contractual agreements)
community for
works. Prevent employing children under 16 years of age and
young persons in the age group of 16 and 18
years: Equal opportunities should be given to both -Do- -Do- -Do- -Do-
males and females in work assignments and
depending on the type of work, underground works
can be carried out regardless of gender.
137
No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Location/ Implementing Cost Responsibility Time Frame
Impacts Place
Pedestrians, Conduct GRC meetings once a month or when needed N/A Contractor Cost -Do- -Do-
vehicles, residential with community representatives from site impact area
& commercial
community and
workers of Keep complaint registry at site office as well as at the N/A -Do- -Do- -Do-
construction site
Project office
make complaints
regarding
inconveniences due
to construction
works.
138
139
Date:
Place of Registration:
Name ______________________________________________________________________
Gender ______________________________________________________________________
Age ______________________________________________________________________
Phone/Email _______________________________________________________________
Complaint/Suggestion/Comment/Question:
Please provide the details (who, what, where and how) of your grievance below:
140
Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Economic Affairs, Livestock Development, Irrigation and Fisheries &
Aquatic Resources Development, Government of Sri Lanka
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, January 2019
How do you want us to reach you for feedback or update on your comment/grievance?
Action Taken:
141
Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Economic Affairs, Livestock Development, Irrigation and Fisheries &
Aquatic Resources Development, Government of Sri Lanka
CRes MPA, 1st Phase, Social Management Framework, January 2019
Means of Disclosure
142
Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Economic Affairs, Livestock Development, Irrigation and Fisheries &
Aquatic Resources Development, Government of Sri Lanka