Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Introduction

Dr. Rashid Jillani

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Course Information
Instructor: Dr. Rashid Jillani
– Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering
– Email: rjillani@giki.edu.pk
– Office: G-14, FCSE
– Office Hours:
Monday-Thursday 9:00 AM - 4:00 PM

• Schedule
– Monday: 11:30 – 12:20 in MLH FEE
– Wednesday: 11:30 – 12:20 in MLH FEE

• 2 lectures of one hour every week

• 1 lab of three hours every week (CS 101 L)
• Course contents: https://cms.giki.edu.pk
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Course TA
• ? (Graduate Assistant)

• Never hesitate to contact TA or me whenever you have some

problem

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Term Calendar (FALL 2020)

• Classes: 8 weeks

• Midterm Exam: 1 week

• Classes: 7 weeks

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Books
Dietal and Dietal, “How to Program C++”
3rd Edition

J J Parson and Dan Oja, “Computer Concepts”

7th Edition

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Dishonesty, Plagiarism in Quizzes, Assignments

• All parties involved in any kind of cheating in any exam will get
zero in that exam

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Tentative Evaluation Breakdown

Quizzes , Assignments 30 %

Midterm Exam 25 %

Final Exam 45 %

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Administrative Instructions
• Students are required to attend 100% classes
– For circumstances beyond their control like medical reasons, students
must apply for leave on prescribed Leave Application Form.

• Please refrain from proxies to avoid disciplinary action.

• All parties involved in any kind of cheating in any exam

(assignment, quiz, midterm or final) shall lead straight towards
minimum course F.

• Course contents: https://cms.giki.edu.pk

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Course Outline
Part I: 05 Lectures
Computers & Applications, History of Computing, Introduction to Hardware
and Software, Peripheral Devices, Data Representation, Number
Systems, Conversion Methods, ASCII / Unicode, Microprocessors,
Memory, Storage Devices……….

Part II: 25 Lectures

Algorithms: Flowcharts & Pseudocode, Assignment Operators, If Selection
Statement, If… Else Selection Statement, Nested Control Structures,
switch Multiple-Selection Statement,
………………………………………………….……….. Passing Arrays to
Functions, Searching Arrays, Pointers, Library Functions and Header
Files

Details at : https://cms.giki.edu.pk
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computers Today

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

A Tool for Communication

Social Networking

Searching
e-mail

Blog
Chat

Content Sharing
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

A Tool for Entertainment

Multimedia

Games
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer Revolution !
Mars
Rover

Flight
Simulator
Google Wearable Computer
Servers

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Computer
• We know how to use a computer

• We have an idea where it stands today

• YOU have to contribute towards its future !

• Now let’s look at what it is and the modest beginnings from

where it evolved !

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

What is a Computer (-1-)

• A computer is a machine that

– inputs (takes in) facts and information (known as data*)
– then processes (does something to or with) it
– can also store data
– afterwards it outputs, or displays, the results for you to see

* Data is all kinds of information, including, pictures,

letters, numbers, and sounds

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

What is a Computer (-2-)

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

What is a Computer (-3-)

• The defining feature of modern computers which

distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can
be programmed
– a list of instructions (the program) can be given to the computer e.g.,
– add one number to another
– move some data from one location to another
– send a message to some external device, etc
– it will store them (in memory)
– and carry them out (execute) some time in future
– Usually in the same order in which the instructions were given

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-1-)

• The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in

1613
– referring to a person who carried out calculations, or
computations !

• The word continued to be used in that sense until the

middle of the 20th century
– before modern electronic computers were developed

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-2-)

• The history of the modern computer begins with two separate
technologies
– Automated Calculation
– Programmability

• Early computers were mechanical calculating devices such

as
– Abacus, 3000 B.C
– Slide rule

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-3-)

Chinese Abacus: for performing arithmetic processes

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-4-)

Slide Rule: for performing multiplication, division, computing

roots, logarithms, trigonometric functions
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-5-)

• ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer -
was the first general-purpose electronic computer developed
around 1946
• operated at 5 kIPS [thousand instructions per second]
» Today's desktops can perform 10000+ MIPS
• weighed 30 tons
• size was roughly 8.5 x 3 x 80 feet
• contained around 5 million hand-soldered joints
• consumed 150 kW of power; enough to dim the lights of
Philadelphia when it was run!
– Input was given from an IBM card reader
– An IBM card punch was used for output

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-6-)

Working
on,
rather
‘inside’ ,
ENIAC

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

History of Computer (-7-)

IBM Punch Card: Programs and data were punched by hand or

a key-punch-machine and read into a card reader

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

Four kind of Computers

1 Microcomputers
– These are the most widely used and the fastest-growing type of
computers. There are two major categories:
– Desktop Computers are small enough to fit on top or along the
side of a desk and yet are too big to carry around.
• Personal Computers
• Workstations
– Portable Computers are small enough and light enough to move
easily from one place to another.
• Laptops: 10-16 pounds in weight
• Notebooks: 5-10 pounds in weight
• Subnotebooks: 2-6 pounds in weight
• Personal Digital Assistants: Also known as palmtop
computers and handheld PCs. They combine pen input,
writing recognition and communication capabilities

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

2 Minicomputers
◼ They are desk size machines.
◼ They fall between microcomputers and mainframe computers
in their processing speeds and data-storing capabilities.
◼ They might be used for research or monitoring a particular
manufacturing process.
◼ Smaller companies have been using minicomputers for their
data processing needs such as accounting/billing systems.

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Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

3 Mainframe Computers
◼ These are large computers.
◼ They are capable of great processing speeds and data-storing.
◼ They are used by large organizations – business, banks,
government agencies etc – to handle millions of transactions.
◼ For example, airline companies use mainframe computers to
process information about millions of travelers.

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Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

4 Supercomputers
◼ The most powerful type of computer is the supercomputer.
◼ These machines are special, high-capacity computers used by
very large organizations.
◼ For example, NASA uses supercomputers to track and control
space explorations.
◼ Supercomputers are also used for oil exploration, simulations
and worldwide weather forecasting.

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Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

The future of computers predicted in the past

• I think there is a world market for maybe

five computers.
-- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943

• Computers in the future may weigh no

more than 1.5 tons.
-- Popular Mechanics, 1949

• There is no reason anyone would want a

computer in their home.
--Ken Olson, CEO, Digital Equipment Corp., 1977

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi

Lecture 01: Introduction CS 101: Introduction to Computing

References
• http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Basic_Computing_Using_
Windows
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer
• http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/teaching/cs4/summ
er.08/notes/historyofcomputing/
• http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist/eniac-story.html
• http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL-e-h.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi