Differentiation

and
The Derivative

Derivatives of Trigonometric
and Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
If 𝑢 is a differentiable function of 𝑥, then
D x (sin u ) = cos u  D x u
D x (cos u ) = − sin u  D x u
Dx (cot u ) = − csc u  Dx u
2

Dx (tan u ) = sec u  Dx u
2

D x (sec u ) = sec u tan u  D x u

D x (csc u ) = − csc u cot u  D x u
Example 1. Find the derivative of the ff. functions

a. ℎ 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 − 5 tan 𝑥 + sec 𝑥

⇒ ℎ′ 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 − 5sec 2 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 cos 𝑥 Product rule

′
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑦 = = 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 +cos 𝑥 1 = −𝑥 sin 𝑥 + cos𝑥
𝑑𝑥
2
c. 𝑓 𝑡 = 4 cot 2𝑡 − 3 csc 3𝑡
′ 2
2
⇒ 𝑓 𝑡 = 4 −csc 2𝑡 2 − − csc 3𝑡 cot 3𝑡 3
3
= −8csc 2 2𝑡 + 2 csc 3𝑡 cot 3𝑡
 Example 1. Find the derivative of the following

d. 𝑓 𝑥 = cos5 2𝑥 − 9 tan(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥)

= (cos 2𝑥)5 −9 tan(𝑥 2 − 6𝑥)

4
⇒ 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 5 cos 2𝑥 ∙ (− sin 2𝑥) ∙ 2
−9 sec 2 (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥) ∙ (2𝑥 − 6)
= −10 cos4 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 − 9 2𝑥 − 6 sec 2 (𝑥 2 − 6𝑥)
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

−1
D x ( Arc sin u ) =
1
 Dx u D x ( Arc cos u ) =  Dx u
1− u 2
1− u2

−1
D x ( Arc tan u ) = D x ( Arc cot u ) =
1
 Dx u  Dx u
1+ u 2
1+ u 2

−1
D x ( Arc sec u ) = D x ( Arc csc u ) =
1
 Dx u  Dx u
u u −12
u u2 −1
Example 2. Find the derivative of the following functions

a. 𝑆 𝑟 = 15 Arccos 𝑟 − 2csc −1 𝑟

′ −1 −1
⇒ 𝑆 𝑟 = 15 ∙ −2∙
1−𝑟 2 𝑟 𝑟 2 −1
15 2
=− +
1−𝑟 2 𝑟 𝑟 2 −1
Example 2. Find the derivative of the following functions
b. 𝑔 𝑥 = Arcsin 4𝑥 − 3cot −1 𝑥
1
1 −1 𝐷𝑥 𝐴𝑟𝑐 sin 𝑢 = ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
⇒ 𝑔′ 𝑥 = ∙4−3 ∙ 1− 𝑢2
1− 4𝑥 2 1+𝑥 2
−1
𝐷𝑥 𝐴𝑟𝑐 cot 𝑢 = ⋅𝐷 𝑢
4 3 1 + 𝑢2 𝑥
= +
1−16𝑥 2 1+𝑥 2
1
c. 𝑦 = 7 Arcsec 𝑡 + Arctan(8 − 2t)
2
1 1 1 1
𝐷𝑥 𝐴𝑟𝑐 sec 𝑢 = ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
⇒ 𝑦′ = 7 ∙ ∙ + ∙ (−2) 𝑢 𝑢2 −1
1 1 2 2 1+(8−2t)2
𝑡 𝑡 −1
2 2 1
7 2 𝐷𝑥 𝐴𝑟𝑐 tan 𝑢 = 2
⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
1+𝑢
= −
1 2 1+(8−2t)2
𝑡 𝑡 −1
2
Practice Exercise A. Find the derivative of the ff. functions. Chain
rule is not needed here.
Practice Exercise B. Find the derivatives of the ff. functions.
Chain rule is required here.
Answers in Practice Exercise A
Answers in Practice Exercise B
Practice Exercise C. Find the derivative of the ff. functions. Chain
rule is required here.
Answers

1. 1.
2. 2.
3.
3.
4.
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6.
Next:

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Sir Choy