INDEX

Serial No. Title Page No.

1 Introduction 01
2 Aim 03
3 Materials Required 04
4 Theory 05
5 Chemical reactions 07
6 Procedure 08
7 Tabulations and 09
Calculations
8 Result 11
9 Result Analysis 12
10 Experimental Evidence 13
11 Precautions 15
12 Conclusion 16
13 Bibliography 18
 INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialisation in India marked its beginning with
launching of Limca and Gold spot by Parl group of
companies. Since the beginning of cold drinks was
highly profitable and luring, many MNCs launched
their brands in India like Coco cola and Pepsi.

Nowadays, it has been observed in general that

majority of viewed Sprite, Limca and Marinda to give
feeling while Pepsi and thumps up to activate pulse
and brain.

Cold drinks of different brands are composed of

alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate
ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth,
lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked by
everyone.
Page 1
Many news flashed saying that these soft drinks
contain pesticides and some toxics like lead, cadmium,
etc. Which arouse many interests to find out the
contents of cold drinks. I had been drinking these soft
drinks quit often, so, I wanted to confirm whether the
news and the charges imposed on these brands are
true or not.

And the other fact which helped me to choose this

topic is the knowledge of qualitative analysis.

Page 2

AIM
To find the contents of cold drinks
available in the market.

Page 3

MATERIALS REQUIRED
 Chemicals
required: -

1. Lime water
2. Benedict's reagent
3. Iodine
4. Potassium iodide
5. NaOH Solution
 Chemicals required: -
1. Water bath
2. Bunsen Burner
3. Test tubes
4. Dropper
5. pH paper
6. Tripod Stand
7. Tong
8. Wire Gauze
9. Test Tube Holder
10. Glass Rod
11 . Test Tube Stand

12 .
Four different types of cold drinks
Page 4

THEORY

The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form

carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste.
Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic
compounds and are major source of energy to our body.
General formula of carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are
classified as: -
1. Monosaccharide
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
Glucose is a Monosaccharide with formula C 6H12O6. It
occurs in free state in the ripen grapes in bones and also in
many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the
extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful
Disaccharides in our daily life.
It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also
in flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is
sugar cane juice which contain 15-20% sucrose and sugar
beet which has about 10-17% sucrose.

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The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is

produced by a mixture of glucose and free dose. It is
non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing.
Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can
be measured by finding their pH values. The pH values
also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid
and phosphoric acid.

Glucose

Sucrose
Page 6

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Test for Carbon Dioxide:

 Test for Glucose:

Test for Alcohol:

Page 7

PROCEDURE
1. Detection of pH: -
EXPERIMENT
 1-2 drops of the samples of cold drink of each brand were
taken and put on each pH paper. The change in the colour of
pH paper was noticed and was compared with the standard pH
scale.
2. Test for Carbon Dioxide: -
EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample
was passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky.
3. Test for Glucose: -
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the
following test: -
BENEDICT'S SOLUTION TEST: -
A sample of cold drink of different brands was taken in a test
tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The
test tube was heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish
colour confirms the presence of glucose in cold drink.
4. Test for Alcohol: -
EXPERIMENT
Sample of each brand of cold drinks are taken in sample test
tube, followed by potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide
solution is added to each test tube. Then the test tubes are
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes yellow coloured
precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks.
 Page 8

TABULATIONS AND
CALCULATIONS

1. Detection of pH:
SN NO. NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
DRINK
1 Coco cola Yellow 2 pH
2 Sprite Light yellow 3-4 pH
3 Limca Light yellow 3-4pH
4 Fanta Yellow 3 pH

2. Detection of carbon dioxide:

SN NO. NAME OF THE TIME TAKEN CONCLUSION

DRINK (SEC)
1 Coco cola 26.5 CO2 present
2 Sprite 21 CO2 present
3 Limca 36 CO2 present
4 Fanta 35 CO2 present
 Page 9

3. Detection of glucose:

SN NO. NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

DRINK
1 Coco cola Reddish brown ppt. Glucose is present

2 Sprite Reddish brown ppt. Glucose is present

3 Limca Reddish brown ppt. Glucose is present

4 Fanta Reddish brown ppt. Glucose is present

4. Detection of alcohol:
\
SN NO. NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
DRINK
1 Coco cola Reddish-yellow Alcohol present

2 Sprite Light yellow Alcohol present

3 Limca Yellow Alcohol present

4 Fanta Yellow Alcohol present

 Page 10

RESULT

1. All samples of soft drinks are acidic in nature.

2. All samples of soft drinks gave positive test for
carbon dioxide.
3. All samples of soft drinks gave positive test for
glucose.
4. All the samples give positive test for alcohol.

RESULT ANALYSIS
 Page 11

1. Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the

presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of
cold drinks of different brands are different due to the
variation in the amount of acidic contents.
2. All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in
water. The carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form
carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.
3. All the samples gave positive test for glucose with
Benedict's reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
4.The yellow precipitate formed during the test
confirmed the presence of alcohol. Hence all the drinks
contain alcohol.

EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE
 Page 12

1. Detection of pH: -

Pour a drop of the sample

in the Ph paper to
test the presence of acid.

2. Test for Carbon Dioxide: -

Passing the gas in lime water solution

 Page 13

3. Test for Glucose: -

Mixing Benedict’s solution to the sample and heating the solution.

4. Test for Alcohol: -

Adding Potassium iodide and NaOH to the sample and heating it for 30min.
 Page 14

PRECAUTIONS

1. Handle the glass wares carefully.

2. Allow the time to set the solutions.
3. Handle the chemicals with care.
4. Keep the mouth of the test tube in the opposite
direction.
5. Heat the contents gently (glucose and alcohol test).

Page 15

CONCLUSION
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the
brands of cold drinks namely Coca Cola, Sprite, Limca and
Fanta, all contains glucose, alcohol sucrose, phosphate ions
and carbon dioxide. All are acidic in nature.
On comparing the pH value of different brands, Coca Cola is
most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands
taken. pH value of Coca Cola is nearly equal to disinfectant
which is harmful to body.
Carbon dioxide among the four samples of cold drinks
taken- Sprite has maximum amount of dissolved carbon
dioxide and Fanta has minimum amount of dissolved
carbon dioxide.

Uses of Cold Drinks:

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car hampers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminal.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove
grease from cloths.
5. They can lose a rusted bolt.

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Disadvantages of Cold Drinks:

1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution, as
they contain sugar in large amount which cause
“diabetes”.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with
the body’s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are
also harmful for our bones.

4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of

2.8. So, they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial
truck must use the hazardous matter place cards reserved for
highly conceive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they
are very harmful to our body.

Page 17

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books Authors
1. Comprehensive Practical Laxmi Publications
Chemistry
2. Practical chemistry for Rachna Sagar
Class XII
3. NCERT Practical for NCERT
Class XII

Websites
1. https://www.icbse.com/projects/chemistry-project-
ondetermination-of-contents-of-cold-drinks-xnq

2. https://microbiologyinfo.com/benedicts-test-
principlecomposition-preparation-procedure-and-
resultinterpretation/

3. https://www.academia.edu/34688467/Chemistry_Project_o
n_Determination_of_Contents_of_Cold_Drinks_CERTIFICAT E

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