ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

LAB REPORT #7

TAHIR SAJJAD
FA16-BET-046
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem in AC Circuits
OBJECTIVE:

To study the relationship between voltage, current and power in three-phase circuits and
examine STAR and Delta connections.

INTRODUCTION:
three-phase circuits in proper working order tend to be symmetrical, consisting of three identical
branches, each with the same impedance, voltage and current. Each of the branches can be treated as a
single-phase circuit, and thus the analysis of a three-phase circuit is not necessarily any more difficult
than the corresponding single-phase network. Unbalanced three-phase networks usually represent a
problematic condition, such as a fault, and can be much more difficult to analyze. Unbalanced
conditions are beyond the scope of this laboratory exercise.

Three-phase systems are normally configured in either a WYE or DELTA. The names result from the
physical similarity of the wye connection to the letter Y and the delta connection to the Greek letter of
the same name (a triangular symbol). Each of these configurations has unique electrical characteristics

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS:

1-Transformer Trainer

2-Digital Function Generator

3- Digital Oscilloscope with Probes.

4-Digital LCR Meter

5-Digital Multi-meter

6-Bread Board

TYPES OF CONFIGURATIONS:
The connections have been made onto LT spice along with their respective results shown. From the
outputs, we see that the relationship of line and of both voltages and currents are verified.

Delta-Delta CONNECTION:
In this, phase voltages are same as line voltages. Phases are only different.

The voltages graph will be similar to the delta wye connections.

Here, the line currents and phase currents will be different in phase.

GRAPICAL REPRESENTATION:
VERIFICTION:
Here it is clearly verified that Phase Current is √3 times Line Current.

Il = √3* Ip

And the phase difference is 300.

Ip = 107 Amp , Il = √3*107 =183.8 Amp

Now check the x-axis for both voltages (2nd peak).

For calculating phase difference,

(1.74 – 1.66) * 360 = 28.8o ≅ 30o.

DELTA-WYE CONNECTION:

Also, the line currents will be same as the phase currents. Only phase will change.

Here, the line voltages will be same as phase voltages. Only phase would be different. i.e.

GRAPICAL REPRESENTATION:
VERIFICTION:
Here it is clearly verified that Phase Voltage is √3 times Line Voltage.

Vl = √3* Vp

And the phase difference is 300.

WYE-DELTA CONNECTIONS:

GRAPICAL REPRESENTATION:

VOLTAGE:
CURRENT:
VERIFICTION:
Here it is clearly verified that Phase Current is √3 times Line Current.

Il = √3* Ip

And the phase difference is 300.

Ip = 187 Amp , Il = √3*187 = 323.8 Amp

Now check the x-axis for both voltages (2nd peak).

For calculating phase difference,

(1.25 – 1.17) * 360 = 28.8o ≅ 30o.

WYE-WYE CONNECTION:

These are all 3 line currents in 120 degrees difference in phase to each other.

(The phase currents is the same as line currents).

GRAPICAL REPRESENTATION:

VOLTAGE:

CURRENT:

VERIFICTION:
Here it is clearly verified that Phase Voltage is √3 times Line Voltage.

Vl = √3* Vp

And the phase difference is 300.

Vp = 20V , Vl = √3*20 = 35V

Now check the x-axis for both voltages (2nd peak).

For calculating phase difference,

(1.25 – 1.17) * 360 = 28.8o ≅ 30o

POST LAB QUESTIONS:

1. In a WYE connected circuit, if the line-to-line voltage is 346 Volts, rms, what is the line-
to-neutral voltage?
Ans - It would also be 346V.

2. In a DELTA connected circuit, the current is 20 amperes in each phase. What is the line
current?
Ans - It would be √3 times the phase current, i.e. 34.64 amperes.

3. In a WYE connected circuit the current is 10 Amperes per phase. What is the line
current?
Ans - It is also 10 Amperes, because for WYE-connected circuits, values for phase current
and line current is always same.

Critical Analysis:
In this lab we implemented different Combination of Delta and Wye
circuit in order to learn differences between these circuit. The graphs obtained from Delta
delta was like delta wye connections.The overall results obtained very close to ideal value.