ART EDUCATION

AND APPRECIATION

ART APPRECIATION
The Concept of DBAE (Discipline Based
Art Education)

1.Art History
2.Aesthetic
3.Art Criticism
4.Art Production

ART APPRECIATION
 What is art?

• Art is subjective and there is no universal definition of it.

• People differ in their perception of an object or thing.

ART APPRECIATION
Art is derived from the Latin word "ars,"
meaning ability or skill - J.V. Estolas

Art is taken from the Italian word "artis," which means

craftmanship, skill mastery of form, inventiveness, and
the associations that exists between torn and ideas,
between material and technique. - A. Tan

ART APPRECIATION
Famous personalities and their definitions of art:

“Art is that which brings life in harmony with the

world.”
-Plato

“Art is a lie that helps us to realize the truth”

- Pablo Picasso

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“Art is never finished, only abandoned”
-Leonardo Da Vinci

“Art is not what you see but what you make

others see “
-Edgar Degas
ART APPRECIATION
“Art is not a handicraft, it is the transmission
of feeling, the artist has experienced. “
- Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy

“Art is the discovery and development of

elementary principles of nature into beautiful
forms suitable for human use”
-Frank Lloyd Wright

ART APPRECIATION
 Therefore,

• Art is man-made, not God made.

• Art is creative, not imitative.
• Art benefits and satisfies man – when he uses art in
practical life through artistic principles, taste, and
skills.
• Art is expressed through a certain medium or
material by which the artist communicates himself.

ART APPRECIATION
IMPORTANCE
OF ART

ART APPRECIATION
1. Art highlights and heightens the importance of certain
events in order to keep them memorable and
pleasurable.

2. Art enables us to get a glimpse of the thoughts, feelings,

and beliefs of the people in their time and the faces in their
environment that influence.

ART APPRECIATION
3. Art enables us to value and appreciate beautiful things as a
consequence of our encounter with arts.

4. Art may influence us to change our ways and behavior as a

result of the aesthetic experience we derived from the arts.

5. Arts are valuable sources of inspirations and aesthetic

delightful experience through the artist works of art.

ART APPRECIATION
 IMPORTANCE OF
ART TO STUDENTS

ART APPRECIATION
Through participation in:

ART APPRECIATION
They can develop:

Creativity
Self-awareness
Self-confidence
Sense of well-being
Learn about their identity
ART APPRECIATION is important to students. It
develops their visual thinking and analytical skills
where they are able to observe closely and
describe what they see around them in detail, so
as to provide evidence for their observations.
Small efforts done by the students such as these
can lead to a greater appreciation of art.

ART APPRECIATION
• Art appreciation is important:
1. can help the person make sense of his world by broadening
his experience and understanding of the things around him.

2. can help the person imagine even the unimaginable.

3. is able to connect a person's life and experience the past,

the present and the future or sometimes simultaneously.

4. can help transport the individual to different places and

culture through literature, films, visual arts, and other forms
of art.

ART APPRECIATION
5. allows the individual to see himself, his family dynamics as
well as his community through different lens of great art.

6. enable the individual to better empathize with those who

suffered and endured tor their lives through great art forms.

7. gives meaning to the data science provides. if science give us

empirical facts, tie these facts together with theories, if's the
humanists who turn these facts with moral, emotional, and
spiritual meanings.

ART APPRECIATION
ART HISTORY

ART APPRECIATION
Refers to the historical development and stylistic
context of the objects of arts that includes the
major and minor arts. The major arts include
painting Sculpture, and architecture as well as the
minor arts like ceramics, furniture, and other
decorative arts.

ART APPRECIATION
METHODS USED
IN ART HISTORY

ART APPRECIATION
Art history which started in the 19th century but has precedents that date to the
ancient time has a number of methods:

1. Art historians examine the works of art in the context of its time or within
which it was created.
2. Art historians analyze the works of arts through the analysis of their forms.
3. Art historians also use critical theory in analyzing objects of arts when
dealing with more recent objects.
4. Another method in art history is the application of media and digital
technology. This is the recent method in analyzing art history.

ART APPRECIATION
PURPOSE OF ART
HISTORY

ART APPRECIATION
1. to place art in a social and historical context.
2. it has more advantage over art appreciation when evaluating works of art.
The more information an evaluation has on the works of art, the better an
evaluation he can make over the works of art.
3. when a person has more context when looking at something such as piece
of art work, he could better understand more the story behind that particular
piece of art work,
4. to see how things like war, religion, politics, technological change have
effect not only on the artist but on the artwork that was produced.

ART APPRECIATION
ASSUMPTIONS OF
ART

ART APPRECIATION
 ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

1. Art is
universal 5. Art is a form of
3. Art is not Creativity

nature 6. Art involves

2. Art is experience
cultural 4. Art is an expression of
the mind

ART APPRECIATION
ART IS UNIVERSAL
In every country of the world; art exist because it is important to
people's lives. It is the oldest and most important means of
expression developed by man in any culture.

ART IS CULTURAL
Art contributes to the understanding of past and present cultures.
Through art, people learn about their culture's values and
strengthen their culture's identity.

ART APPRECIATION
ART IS NOT NATURE
Art is not nature because it is man-made. Art is man s interpretation of what
he perceives as art. Nature, such as the mountains, the volcano, lakes,
rivers, land terrain are made by God and not by man. Thus, art, and not
nature, is made by man by all times.

ART IS AN EXPRESSION OF THE MIND

Artistic expression may be expressed 100% in conscious mind but those
who are extremely artistic or right-brained individuals, they may be more
creative and are able to recognize the value of linking seemingly unrelated
thoughts or ideas, methods, and concepts because of their frequent practice.

ART APPRECIATION
ART IS A FORM OF CREATIVITY
Art is a product of the imagination that entertains, pleases and inspires.
Artists create artwork about anything they want, imagine or see around
them. He does all this as a consequence of his creative mind and
imagination. Therefore, we can say that art is creative, not imitative; artworks
are produced by human creative skill and imagination.

ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE

When a work is finished in a satisfactory manner, an experience occurs.
Likewise, when a problem is solved or a game is played, or a conversation is
rounded out satisfactorily; experience do occur. Fulfillment and consummation
of an act conclude the experience.

ART APPRECIATION
Vincent Van Gogh, the "Starry Night" is an
expression of feelings based from his
experiences. In his artwork, he displayed stars
swirling in the sky. He used bold jagged
strokes, gloomy colors to convey strong and
strange feelings. The lines, colors and shapes
express his feelings about the scene in his
paintings. The expression of the artists is
shown in the way they express their feelings
towards their artwork.

ART APPRECIATION
THE FUNCTIONS
OF ART

ART APPRECIATION
1. Aesthetic function 5. Political function
2. Utilitarian function 6. Educational function
3. Cultural function 7. Spiritual function
4. Social function

ART APPRECIATION
1. AESTHETIC FUNCTION

Through art, man becomes conscious of the beauty of nature, he

benefits from his own work and from those done by his
fellowmen.

2. UTILITARIAN FUNCTION
With the creation of the various forms of art, man now lives in
comfort and happiness. Through art, man is provided with shelter,
clothing, tools, light, medicine, beautiful surroundings, personal
ornamentals, entertainment, language, transportation, and other
necessities and conveniences of life.

ART APPRECIATION
3. CULTURAL FUNCTION
Through the printed matter, art transmits and preserves
skills and knowledge from one generation to another.
4. SOCIAL FUNCTION
Through civic and graphic arts, man learns to love and help each
other.
5. POLITICAL FUNCTION
Art reinforces and enhance a sense of identity an ideological
connection to specific political views, political parties a politician.

ART APPRECIATION
6. EDUCATIONAL FUNCTION

There are art symbols and signs to illustrate knowledge

and attitudes that are not expressed in words.

7. SPIRITUAL FUNCTION

Some art works express spiritual beliefs, customs, ceremonies

and rituals about the meaning and destiny of life. These artworks
may have religious significance.

ART APPRECIATION
PHILOSOPHY OF
ART

ART APPRECIATION
PHILOSOPHY OF ART refers to the study of
the nature of arts, its concept interpretation,
representation, expression and form.
Philosophy of art is closely related to
aesthetics, which is the study of beauty and
taste.

ART APPRECIATION
 1. Art as Mimesis
2. Art as Representation (Aristotle)
3. Art for Art's Sake (Kant)
4. Art as an Escape
5. Art as Functional

ART APPRECIATION
1. ART AS MIMESIS
The word mimesis is a Greek word which means imitation or
copying although it may also mean representation. The
philosophers Plato and Aristotle spoke of mimesis as the
representation of nature. It exists in the "world of ideas and is
created by God”. All artists are imitators of nature. Thus, when an
artist skillfully selects and present a material, that artist is
purposely seeking to imitate or copy the action of life.

ART APPRECIATION
2. ART AS REPRESENTATION (ARISTOTLE)

Art represents something. When an artist uses signs and

symbols to take the place of something else, he is using
art as a representation of such signs and symbols. It is
through representation that people organize the world and
reality through the act of naming its elements.

ART APPRECIATION
3. ART FOR ART'S SAKE (KANT) "I ‘art pour l 'art"

Immanuel Kant's concern is not on the objective aesthetic

response but on the function of individual or personal taste. He
claimed that judgment of taste is both subjective and universal.
He said that aesthetic universals are subjective because they
are responses of pleasure and do not essentially involve any
claim about the properties of the object itself. On the other hand,
aesthetic judgement is universal because it is not merely
personal but also, disinterested.

ART APPRECIATION
4. ART AS AN ESCAPE

According to Allen Weinstein, without mental escape, we

build up a lot of anxiety within ourselves. According to
Señeres and others (2008), the artists’ works of art reveal
the emotional outburst that has been kept for many years in
their mind. The only way to take out such tension is through
painting, dancing, music, and other art forms. They are a
cathartic solution to one's anxiety and life' s difficulties.

ART APPRECIATION
5. ART AS FUNCTIONAL

The artist intent in creating a functional piece of art is to

bring creativity, beauty, and usefulness into people' s
everyday lives. Whether it's a curvy chair made of
cardboard, a banca made of paper, functional art makes
us rethink and re-assess the way we look at ordinary
things, sometimes by using unusual materials in their
construction.

ART APPRECIATION
TYPES OF ART

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ART APPRECIATION
ART MOVEMENTS

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Art movement refers to the tendency of
style in art that has a specific common
philosophy or goal. It consists of group
of artists during a restricted period of
time.

ART APPRECIATION
1. CAVE PAINTINGS (PARIETAL ART)
These are painted drawings on a cave walls
or ceilings, mainly of prehistoric Ongin,
dated to some 40,000 years ago (around
38,000 BCE) in Eurasia. The exact purpose
of Paleolithic cave paintings is not known.
Evidence suggests that they were merely
decorations of living areas since the caves
in which they have been found do not have
signs of ongoing habitation.

ART APPRECIATION
2. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ART
Ancient Egyptian art reached a high level in
painting and sculpture, and was both highly
stylized and symbolic. It was famously
conservative, and Egyptian styles changed
remarks from tombs and monuments and thus
preservation or knowledge of the past. It
displays an extraordinarily vivid representation
of the ancient Egyptians socioeconomic status
and belief systems.

ART APPRECIATION
3. GREEK ART
It absorbed influences or Eastern
civilizations, of Roman art and its
patrons, and the new religion of
Orthodox Christianity in the
Byzantine era and absorbed Italian
and European ideas. Greek art is
mainly five forms: architecture,
sculpture, painting pottery and
jewelry making.

ART APPRECIATION
4. ROMAN ART The prehistoric Roman Art encompasses
two periods,

ETRUSCAN PERIOD (2000-1000 BC). The

subject matter of paintings was ancestor
worship, catacombs, and sarcophagi.

In the ROMAN PERIOD (2000 BC- 400

AD), art was characterized by
commemorative statue, sarcophage,
frescoes, and design with vine motifs. Art in
these periods served the cult of ancestors
and defied emperors. Roman art includes
architectures, painting, sculpture, and
mosaic work.

ART APPRECIATION
5. CHINESE PAINTING (OLDEST ARTISTIC TRADITIONS
IN THE WORLD)
The traditional painting involves essentially
the same techniques a calligraphy and is
done with a brush dipped in black ink or
colored pigment oils are not used. As with
calligraphy, the most popular materials on
which paintings are made are paper and silk.
The finished work can be mounted o scrolls,
such as hanging scrolls or handscrolls.

ART APPRECIATION
Main Techniques in Chinese Painting:

GONGBI

which means "meticulous" uses

highly detailed brush strokes
that delimits details very
precisely. It is often highly
colored and usually depicts
figural or narrative subjects.

ART APPRECIATION
INK AND WASH PAINTING

in Chinese shui-mo "water and ink"

also loosely termed watercolor or
brush painting, and also known as
"literati painting", as it was one of the
"Four Arts" of the Chinese Scholar-
official class. This style is also
referred to as "xieyi" or freehand
style.

ART APPRECIATION
6. JAPANESE PAINTING (MOST HIGHLY REFINED
VISUAL ARTS) The Japanese painting encompasses a wide variety of
genres and styles. Japanese painting is one of the
oldest and most highly refined of the Japanese visual
arts, encompassing a wide variety of genres and
styles.

Areas of subject matter where Chinese influence has

been repeatedly significant include Buddhist religious
painting, ink-wash painting of landscapes in the
Chinese literati painting tradition, calligraphy of
ideographs, and the painting of animals and plants,
especially birds and flowers.
ART APPRECIATION
7. BAROQUE ART

Paintings in the Baroque period

are ornate and fantastic. They
appeal to the emotion, are
sensual and highly decorative.
They make use of light and
shadow to produce dramatic
effects.

ART APPRECIATION
8. CUBISM (EMPHASIS IN THE USE OF GEOMETRICAL
SHAPES)

It takes the abstract form

through the use of cone,
cylinder or sphere at the
expense of other pictorial
elements. Cubists want to
show form in their basic
geometrical shapes.

ART APPRECIATION
9. FUTURISM (EMPHASIS IS ON MODERN SOCIETY)

Futurist painters wanted their

works to capture the speed and
force of modern industrial society.
Their paintings glorified the
mechanical energy of modern life.
Subjects included automobiles,
motorcycles, and railroad trains -
subjects that express the
explosive vitality of a modern city.
ART APPRECIATION
10. ABSTRACTIONISM (TEXTURE AND SHAPES ARE MORE
IMPORTANT THAN REAL-LIFE OBJECTS)

Abstractionism is used when the

artist becomes so interested in
one phase of a scene or a
situation that he does not show
the subject at all as an objective
reality, but only his idea or his
feelings about it.
ART APPRECIATION
Abstract means "to move away or separate." Abstract art moves
away from showing things as they really are. The painter or artist
paints the picture not as it really looks.

Abstract subjects can be represented through the following:

a. Distortion. This is clearly manifested when the subject is in misshapen
condition or the regular shape is twisted.
b. Elongation. It refers to the lengthening of a subject (protraction o
extension).
c. Mangling. This may not be a common way of representing an abstract
subject, but there are a few artists who show subjects or objects which are
cut, lacerated, mutilated, or hacked with repeated blows.

ART APPRECIATION
11. SURREALISM (ART IS WEAPON AGAINST EVIL AND
RESTRICTIONS IN SOCIETY)

Surrealism uses art as weapon against

the evil and restrictions that surrealists
see in society. It tries to reveal a new
and higher reality than that of daily life.
Surrealism is an invented word
meaning "super realism."
Subjects of this movement attempt to
show what is inside man is mind as well
as the appearance of this outside world.

ART APPRECIATION
12. OPTICAL ART (USES OPTICAL ILLUSION CREATED IN
BLACK AND WHITE)

Optical Art is op art for short. This is a

style of visual art that emphasize the use
of optical illusions.
Op art works are abstract, with many
better-known pieces created in black and
white. Typically, they give the viewer the
impression of movement, hidden images,
flashing and vibrating patterns, or
swelling or warping.

ART APPRECIATION
13. PHOTOREALISM (REPRODUCE THE IMAGE
REALISTICALLY AS POSSIBLE)

Photorealism is a genre of art

that encompasses painting,
drawing, and other graphic
media, in which an artist studies
a photograph and then attempts
to reproduce the image as
realistically as possible in
another medium.

ART APPRECIATION
14. BODY ART (EMPHASIS IS ON HUMAN BODY)

Body art is a form of body painting,

using the body as a canvas or
artwork employing color pigments for
cultural motives. Face painting, body
painting and tattoo art are forms of
body art that dates back from pre-
historic times. These art forms during
the early times were employed to
identify prominent personalities like
tribal chiefs.

ART APPRECIATION
15. PERFORMANCE ART (USE OF BODIES AND VOICES
TO CONVEY ARTISTIC EXPRESSION)
This art is expressed in many forms such
as dance, music, video, drama, painting,
and film. The artist performs or expresses
his art before a live audience. The
performance artist may likewise incorporate
in his performance such mediums as music
and dance, recitation, music, fashion,
juggling and tumbling as a small-scale
event or a massive performance spectacle.
ART APPRECIATION
There is no definite and specific criterion that
determine what constitutes a true art movement.
The reason is that artists differ in their expression of
art as well as their use of techniques and medium in
creating artworks. Nevertheless, those artists who
share and use almost similar techniques and artistic
styles and approaches in producing artworks may
be grouped as belonging to a certain art movement.

ART APPRECIATION
THEORIES OF ART

ART APPRECIATION
 EXPRESSIONISM

• artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict not objective reality but
rather the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events
arouse within a person
• distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, and fantasy and through the vivid,
jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements.

ART APPRECIATION
SAMPLE (if applied):

ART APPRECIATION
 FUNCTIONALISM

• Art is defined by purpose(s) that make successful art valuable. (A

definition of “chair” would normally mention that the purpose of a
chair is for sitting and a chair that cannot be sat upon has no value as a
chair. So, it seems that chairs require a functional definition.
Functionalists treat art in the same way.) A function commonly
assigned to art is to provide a satisfying aesthetic experience.

ART APPRECIATION
SAMPLE (if applied):

ART APPRECIATION
 FORMALISM

Formalism describes the critical position that the most important

aspect of a work of art is its form – the way it is made and its
purely visual aspects – rather than its narrative content or its
relationship to the visible world. In painting therefore, a formalist
critic would focus exclusively on the qualities of color, brushwork,
form, line and composition.

ART APPRECIATION
SAMPLE (if applied):

ART APPRECIATION
 “OPEN CONCEPT THEORY”
• According to Weitz, that is also the nature of the concept of art. We cannot
find any common properties but we can show some strands of similarities.
This kind of concept has one crucial feature: it is an open concept, i.e. (its
conditions of application are amendable and corrigible.)

• Weitz claims that there can be no closed definition of art because art is the
kind of product and enterprise that is so creative, adventurous and ever-
changing that no closed set of defining properties or conditions can be found.

ART APPRECIATION
VARIOUS ARTS IN
THE PHILIPPINES

ART APPRECIATION
TRADITIONAL ARTS
IN THE PHILIPPINES

ART APPRECIATION
• Arts in the Philippines refer to the art works that have developed
and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of
civilization in the country up to the present time.

• Arts in the Philippines are classified into traditional arts, arts in

Muslim Mindanao or the Islamic Arts and arts in the Cordillera
region. These arts reflect the societies wide range of cultural
influence in the country's culture and how they honed the
country's arts.

ART APPRECIATION
TRADITIONAL
MOTIFS

ART APPRECIATION
Traditional motifs are used by folklorist in analyzing interpreting,
and describing the traditional elements found in the lore of a
particular folk groups and compose the folklore of the various
regions and cultures of the world based on the motif patterns.

What is a folklore?

Traditions, beliefs and even stories of a

community which being passed down generation
after generation.
ART APPRECIATION
TRADITIONAL
CRAFTS

ART APPRECIATION
A traditional craft should meet the following requirements.

1. Used mainly in everyday life

2. Manufactured by hand
3. Manufactured by using a traditional technique or skill
4. Made traditional materials
5. Manufactured in a certain area with a certain number of
manufacturers

ART APPRECIATION
1. Used mainly in everyday life

Ceremonial occasions such as wedding and funeral and seasonal

festivals that a person experience only occasionally in one year or
in one's whole life are considered to be part of the ordinary life.

2. Manufactured by hand
If the manual labor of a traditional craft is carried by machine
processes even while preserving a traditional technology, it has
no meaning because the original features of the craft has been
lost.

ART APPRECIATION
3. Manufactured by using a traditional technique or skill

The term traditional is defined as a continuing feature is more than a hundred

years. It is still considered "traditional"; (1) if the features peculiar to the craft
products are kept unchanged and (2) even if the initial technique or skill from a
hundred years ago or more has not been kept perfectly the same.

4. Made traditional materials

Concerning technique and skill, materials are also very significant
for the features of a craft product. The main materials that should
be used for craft products be natural substances.

ART APPRECIATION
5. Manufactured in a certain area with a certain
number of manufacturers

There should be enough number of workers, about 30

workers or more, who should be engaging in the
industry in a designated area. A traditional craft needs
a certain scale in manufacturing as well as an
established manufacturing area.

ART APPRECIATION
TRADITIONAL CRAFTS
1.handicrafts
2.weaving
3.embroidery
4.woodcarving
5.musical instruments making
6.earthenware tiles making
7.glasswork
8.stonework
ART APPRECIATION
1.HANDICRAFTS
The main sector of traditional crafts.
These are types of work where useful
and decorative devices are made
completely by hand or by using simple
tools. Handicrafts have been existing in
pre-historic times. These traditional
crafts have cultural and/or religious
significance. The first examples were
man's necessities such as for protection
or coverings.
ART APPRECIATION
2. WEAVING
Materials used in weaving consist of
wool, mohair, cotton, bristles, and silk.
It can be done with all kinds or cloth.
Its products include plait, carpets, rugs,
and felt obtained by Spinning thread,
connecting the fibers together or by
other materials. The llocos region,
particularly the Ilocos provinces are
very well known in the traditional
weaving industry.

ART APPRECIATION
BASKET WEAVING
It is carried out by weaving reed, willow,
and nut branches, bamboo trunks, rattan
and other materials. It is used for home
decoration in addition to the original
purpose of helping to carry things.
Nowadays, basket-making is a very good
way of earning a living which is prevalent
in the Cagayan Valley, Cordillera, and
Bicol Regions, as well as in some
provinces in Visayas islands.

ART APPRECIATION
3. EMBROIDERY
Not only used for decoration but also as a
means of communication tool with the
symbolism in its designs. Today, the tools in
embroidery are crochet needle, needle,
shuttle and hairpin designed either as a
border or motif and goes by different names
according to the implement used as well as
the technique. Embroidery materials
include silk cocoon, wool, candle stick bead
or any left over cloth.

ART APPRECIATION
4. WOODCARVING
Has been existing long time ago, the most
common products are tables, sala sets,
cabinets, doors, cupboard corners, and others.
The materials used in woodworking were mostly
walnut, ebony, rosewood, narra, acacia,
bamboos, etc. Wooden objects were created by
such various techniques such as topping,
painting, relief-engraving, caging, coating, and
burning. Woodworking is generally common in
the Cordillera region and Southern Tagalog
provinces, especially Paete, Laguna and in
Pangasinan.

ART APPRECIATION
5. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS MAKING
Traditional craft that existed
for many long years. The
materials used for making
musical instruments came
from trees, plants, skin,
bones, and animal horn.
Musical instruments are
classified into string
percussion and woodwind.

ART APPRECIATION
6. EARTHENWARE TILES MAKING

Used for ceramic and art

purpose. Artists usually
create animal designs in
these tiles. As a ceramic
art, it became world famous
for their extraordinary
creative workmanship.

ART APPRECIATION
7. GLASSWORK
Stained glass was developed many
years ago. Church windows are
made of stained glass in different
models and forms. Figurines, mugs,
drinking glass, utensils made of
decorative glass work are very
common nowadays. High quality of
glass workmanship is kept alive in
this 21st century.

ART APPRECIATION
8. STONEWORK

Plays an important role in exterior

and interior decoration in traditional
architecture. Traditionally, products of
stonework consist of grinders, stone
tables, and benches, gravestones,
human and animal figures, and
decorative purposes.

ART APPRECIATION
ISLAMIC ARTS (ARTS
IN MUSLIM SOUTH)

ART APPRECIATION
The Muslim South where majority of the Muslim population is concentrated ds about
nine (9) ethno-linguistic groups:
1. Tausug
2. Maranao
3. Maguindanao
4. Samal
5. Yakan
6. Sanggil
7. Badjao
8. Molbog
9. Jama Mapun

Some people believe that only the Tausug, Samal, Maguindanao and Maranao
can be considered as Muslim.

ART APPRECIATION
Islamic art is a very difficult art to define because it
covers many lands and various peoples over some
1,400 years. However, Islamic art is not at all
restricted to religious art. It includes all other arts of
the rich and varied cultures of Islamic societies as
well.

ART APPRECIATION
T'NALAK
This is a traditional cloth made by a
group of people in Lake Sebu,
South Cotabato called T’bolis.
T’nalak is hand-woven which is
made of abaca which traditionally
has three primary colors, red, black
and the original color of the abaca
leaves. The colorant or the
materials are naturally dyed boiled
in with bark, roofs and leaves or
plants.

ART APPRECIATION
T'BOLI ART

One of the most indigenous people

in Southern Mindanao are the T'boli
people of the South Cotabato.
Based on Muslim Ethnography and
linguistic literature, the T'boli people
have various names and spelling
such as tboll, tbol, tiboli, tibole,
tagabili or tagabulu but they term
themselves as t'boli or tiboli.

ART APPRECIATION
DAGMAY SKIRT

The dagmay represents the

indigenous culture of the
Mandayas of Davao. The
dagmay has been worn as a
woman's cloth by the Mandaya
Women but it is also used as
blankets to wrap their dead.
Each design carries with it a
certain story.

ART APPRECIATION
PIS-YABIT CLOTH

Pis-yabit is a head covering by the

Tausug of Sulu. This traditional
cloth tapestry is made from cotton
or silk.
The most recognized community
of Pis Syabit weavers in Sulu are
from barangay Guimba Lagasan
in the town of Parang.

ART APPRECIATION
SEPUTANGAN (HEAD CLOTH)

Head cloth worn by the Yakan tribe of

Mindanao. The warp and primary
wert are of cotton and the
supplementary weft are silk. The
supplementary weft work is
discontinuous, a type of work in
which the various colors are inserted
in the proper place by hand.

ART APPRECIATION
INAUL SKIRT

The inaul is the famous

Cotabato City handwoven fabric
in Maguindanao. It is used by
Maguindanaon as a "malong", a
tabular skirt of "sarong that
wraps around the lower part of
the body and worn as traditional
dress by both men and women.

ART APPRECIATION
WOODCRAFTS

The materials primarily used in

Muslim or Islamic Art are wood,
brass, and cloth, but no less
important are silver, gold, iron,
horn, ivory, leather, bamboo, and
matting materials.

ART APPRECIATION
OKIR OR OKIL
Represents the geometric and flowing
designs, often based on an elaborate
leaf and vine pattern, and folk motif
which are usually found in Maranao,
Maguindanao and some other places in
Southern Mindanao and as far as
Southeast Asia.

The Okir a datu is the ornamental

design for men and Okir a bay is that
for women.

ART APPRECIATION
 SYMMETRY ART

Symmetry is a very powerful design tool.

These are designs that need more stability, a
strong organizational structure and a classic
and trusting message, tend to use more
symmetrical design.

ART APPRECIATION
TOROGAN
A residential structure elevated above the ground by
its column cut from trees of huge girth. The walls are
covered with plywood sticks whereas the roof is
thatched with dried coconut leaves. There is no
partition, so it appears as a huge hall. Apart from the
basic elements for this structure, it is intricately
engraved with the flowing geometries or the
Maranaw design system called okir. A Torogan will
never be complete without the legendary bird,
Sarimanok being displayed inside.

ART APPRECIATION
 OTHER MUSLIM ARTS
Muslim Literature
1. Darangan, sometimes called the story or bantugan, a popular epic of the South. The
epic tells the adventure of the characters aboard swift boats in search of rich booty and
slaves from fare lands, and or love courtship and marriage bring.
2. The epic of Kapmabaning so Kiyaprawa'a Ko Lawanen which means "The
Abduction of Lawanen” is about the exciting search of Prince Mabaning for his princess.

3. The epic Ag Tobig Nag Keboklagan (The Kingdom of Keboklagan) from the Subanon
of Zamboanga Peninsula is about the adventure of the hero Taake. One of the themes of
the epic is human sacrifice.

ART APPRECIATION
4. The epic Tudbulol of the Tibolis is sung during annual
gatherings to celebrate a good harvest. It describes and praises
the "being" of Tudbulol.
5. "O Papanok" and "Bansamoro" are two revolutionary songs
from Cotabato that reveal the aspiration and perceptions of the
native Mindanao people against migrants.
6. "Parang Sabil” is a ballad or narrative song about an outlaw
or bandit. Literally the term means "to fight in the path of God
(Allah)"

ART APPRECIATION
MUSLIM MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

A. String instruments are:

Serogaganding is a two-string zither.

ART APPRECIATION
Kudyapi or boat lute is the
most popular string
instrument among the
Maguindanao and Maranao.
It has two metal strings
which are raised on small
bridges.

ART APPRECIATION
B. Percussion instruments are:

Gamelan is an
ensemble of a
variety of gongs.

ART APPRECIATION
Agumay a gong is a boss made of
brass. It may be alone or found in a set
suspended from a frame in rows. It
gives off a thick muffled sound.

Babandir is usually made of thin bronze,

wide rimmed and big-bassed. Because of
the fineness of the bronze of which it is
made, it's sounds are very resonant but low
when beaten.

ART APPRECIATION
Gandingan has a low, thick
sound. It is usually made of
brass and often big but narrow
ridged.

Kulintang or brass xylophone is a

row of 7 or 8 gradually-pitched
gongs set horizontally on a
designed wooden framework.

ART APPRECIATION
Gabbong is the Sulu and Yakan version of
the xylophone, a series of bamboo slate
nailed on wood. It is played by striking the
slate with a rubber-covered hammer.

Dabakan is a single-headed drum

primarily used as a supportive
instrument in the Kulintang
ensemble.

ART APPRECIATION
Kubing is a jaw harp. The
kubing is traditionally
considered an intimate
instrument, usually used as
communication between
family or a loved one in close
quarters. Both genders can
use the instrument, the
females more infrequently
than males who use it for
short distance courtship.

ART APPRECIATION
C. Wind musical instruments are:

Palendag - is a lip valley flute

ART APPRECIATION
Sahunay -a pipe with
reed

Suling -a ring flute

ART APPRECIATION
 ARTS IN THE
CORDILLERA REGION

ART APPRECIATION
The arts in Cordillera Region must be given a
place in the study of Humanities in the same
way we emphasized and gave importance in
the arts of Muslim Mindanao. People in the
Cordillera Region appreciate arts as much as
the Muslims in Mindanao are.

ART APPRECIATION
Cordilleran’s are not only peace-loving people;
they are also artistic lovers of nature as evidenced
by their art in wood carving. The people of the
Cordillera Region, comprised of the Isneg
(Apayao), Tinguian (Itneg), Kalinga, Bontoc, Ibaloi,
Kankaney, have a distinct way of life that
infuenced their art tradition.

ART APPRECIATION
WOODCRAFT

Wood is the raw primary material used by the people of

the Cordillera region in producing artistic shields,
decorated containers, home utensils, figurines, and
religious images. Bamboo is also used, together with
clay, bronze, brass. Iron is a necessary material in
making spears and head axes.

ART APPRECIATION
SAMPLE:

ART APPRECIATION
The Cordillera art can be divided into two types: the decorative
and ritualistic or magical. Shields, containers, pipes, fabric color
designs, and tourist art objects belong to the decorative type.
The bulol and bihang and religious images belong to the
ritualistic type.

SAMPLE OF RITUALISTIC TYPE

ART APPRECIATION
MUSIC

1. pas-ing, a two-stringed
instrument of the Apayaos;

2. albon, a rice drum, the

sulibao, a conical drum and the
konlinga, a cylindrical drum.
ART APPRECIATION
3. koleleng of bali-ing, a nose
flute; and

4. diwdiw-as, a construction of thin bamboo

pipes of different lengths tied together,
played by moving the instrument across the
mouth without touching the lips, while
blowing into the open ends.

ART APPRECIATION
Percussion instruments used by the Cordilleran’s were:

1. Gansa and the

bamboo buzzers
called bilbil or
bungkaka; and

ART APPRECIATION
2. Bongabong, a pair of percussion sticks,
played to announce a violent death.

ART APPRECIATION
THE INDIGENOUS
ARTS

ART APPRECIATION
Indigenous arts are those native arts that have grown
naturally through the years in a certain locality.
Indigenous arts include the Torogan of Muslim Mindanao
(previously discussed), bahay-kubo, bahay bale, bahay
na bato, and other indigenous house. Traditional arts and
crafts are not indigenous arts per se since these arts did
not naturally exist in the particular area from time
immemorial.

ART APPRECIATION
INDIGENOUS MATERIALS
1. Sawali
2. Coco coir
3. Bagasse
4. Abaca
5. Bamboo
6. Palm frond stems
7. Mud bricks

ART APPRECIATION
1. Sawali. This material comes from the
outer covering of bamboo poles. It is
woven into mats and ideal tor cement
backing.

2. Coco coir. This by-product of

coconut is used to minimize the use of
cement and as sandwich panels for
insulation.

ART APPRECIATION
3. Bagasse. This is sugar
cane waste use for insulation
or cement backing.

4. Abaca. This is a fiber material

obtained from the leaf stalk of a
banana plant. Most of these materials
are found in the Bicol region.

ART APPRECIATION
5. Bamboo. This indigenous material has low
degree of elasticity, low -Concrete adhesion,
but wide variable moisture content. It is very
useful in architectural forms and designs,
mainly as reinforcement to concrete.

6. Palm frond stems. This material is often

used for non-structural panels, walls, screens,
and bases of houses. To raise its life span to 15
years and above, the material must be treated
with anti-termite chemical like solignum or the
structure must be raised above the ground.

ART APPRECIATION
7. Mud bricks. This material
is brittle, has less strength,
and cannot stand up well to
tension. However, it is the
choice of building materials
in places with hot, dry
climates due to its low
thermal conductivity.

ART APPRECIATION
BAHAY-KUBO
Bahay kubo is a cultural icon, a
cultural heritage and as a symbol
of togetherness. The Filipino
translation of bahay-kubo is "nipa
hut". The typical nipa hut has no
partition for rooms so as to
accommodate the entire family.
The inside area is the space tor
dining, sleeping and living area in
one. This typical hut symbolizes
the typical Filipino family as a
closed knit family.
ART APPRECIATION
BAHAY NA BATO
In Filipino language, it is literally known as
"house of stone" or better still, "stone house."
This is the type of a dwelling unit that existed
during the Spanish time in the Philippines.
During the Spanish times, stones are found
anywhere. They can be picked up for free.
Since there were no hollow blocks available
then, so stones were used instead. Using
stones as foundation material for building
makes it sturdy and strong and free from
earthquake, storm, and other disasters.

ART APPRECIATION
IFUGAO BALE (OR NATIVE HOUSE)
This type of indigenous house is
sometimes referred to as "No-Nail House"
because it was constructed without the use
of nails. And since it was built without the
hassle of nails, it can be dismantled and
conveniently relocated to a new location
where it will be reassembled. Thus, it is
considered to be one of the most
indigenous and nearly perfect architectural
constructs ever made by man.

ART APPRECIATION
ART APPRECIATION