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IED CH 8
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(a) Hospital
(b) Energy
(c) School
(d) All of the above
2 Higher percentage of hospitals in India is run by
(a) Population
(b) Economic infrastructure
(c) Literacy
(d) None of these
4 Which of the following is not a component of social infrastructure?
(a) Road
(b) Communication
(c) Electricity
(d) All of these
5
Which of the following statement is correct?
a) It promotes productivity
8
India invests only ______ % of its GDP on infrastructure which is far below that of China and
Indonesia.
a)2 %
b)5 %
c)8 %
d)10 %
9
The health status of a country can be assessed through :
12.
Expenditure on health sector by India is extremely low as compared to other developed and
developing countries at
13.
ISM stands for
14.
What is the percentage of Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) borne by India in the world?
(A) 10%
(B) 11%
(C) 15%
(D) 20%
15.
Which of these states has lagged behind in providing healthcare facilities?
(A) Bihar
(B) Kerala
(C) Tamil Nadu
16
AYUSH is an alternate system of healthcare of India. It does not include
(A) Homeopathy
(B) Unani
(C) Yoga
(D) Allopathy
17.
The NGO Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) is working in which of the following
region
(A) Ahmedabad
(B) Nilgiris
(C) Deccan
(D) Bengal
18.
Which of the infrastructures given below are needed for agricultural development of a country?
(A) Hospitals
(B) Housing
(C) Colleges
(D) Insurance and banking
Which of the following is categorized as Economic Infrastructure?
(a) Housing
19 (b) Health
(c) Communication
(d) Education
Infrastructure contributes to economic development of a country by
(a) Increasing the productivity of the factors of production
20 (b) Improving the quality of life of its people
(c) Increasing the severity of disease when it occurs
(d) Both (a) & (b)
Which of the following facts illustrate the development of health services after independence in
India?
A. Decline in death rate
36
B. Rise in life expectancy
C. Control over deadly diseases
D. All of these
Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh excel in agriculture and horticulture because
of___________ .
A. Land facilities
37
B. Credit facilities
C. Irrigation facilities
D. Port facilities
Which of the following NOT implies good health?
A. Increase in overall efficiency to handle difficult task.
38 B. Increase in mental abilities.
C. Increase in standard of living.
D. Increase in productivity of labour.
41 Some private practitioners are not even registered doctors are known as
(a) Quacks (b) Unregistered Doctor © Public doctor
42 One of the important aspects of a good healthcare system is ………...
(a) Works shops
(b) (b) Free checkup
(c) Community participation
(d) (d) None of these.
43 Which of the following are indicators of health infrastructure?
(a) Infant Mortality rate (b) Maternal mortality rate (c)Nutritional levels (d)All of these
44
In India more than……..of the disease of GBDis accounted for by communicable disease.
(a) One-fourth (b) half © full (d) one-fifth
45 Infrastructure is divided into two categories which are economic and ……… infrastructure.
(a) Social (b) health © energy (d) none of these
1. ‘Soon after the strike of COVID-19, India managed to manufacture its vaccination to defeat the
pandemic instead of importing it from other countries. This shows the advancement in Technologies
and Genetic Sciences that India has achieved so far.
India has been a medical tourism destination for over a decade now as a lot of people come to India
every year for medical treatment. Most of the people coming are generally from Asian and African
countries. A small number of people also come from so-called bubble countries like the United
States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. According to data, around 697,453 foreign tourists came
for medical treatment in India in the year 2019.
Because of the coronavirus pandemic, following which lockdowns were imposed and flights were
abruptly cancelled between various Asian and African countries, this number saw a dip. But the
total tourist inflow can be seen picking up gradually now. With the removal of lockdowns and travel
restrictions across borders globally, Indian medical tourism seeks progress in a number of critical
cases like organ transplants and other severe cases.’
(a) Australia
(c)United States
1.3. Coronavirus pandemic caused a_________ in the number of medical tourists to India.(rise/fall)
1.4. India has become a favourable medical tourism destination for its better and cheaper medical
treatment. (True/False)
2
“Health and nutrition are important social infrastructure for human development. We should
not shy away from using purpose-driven public-private partnerships in nutrition. ”In the 2020
Global Hunger Index, India ranks 94th out of 107 countries. According to UNICEF’s data on
India, nearly half of all deaths in children under 5 are attributable to undernutrition. We need
to improve the nutrition status of the country on an urgent footing. However, the government
alone cannot win this battle and we need collective commitment to achieve our nutrition goals.
One of the distinct and defining features of POSHAN Abhiyan is Jan Andolan – creating a
social movement. Good nutrition is good for business, as healthy employees perform at
optimal productivity. Financial Express, Aug 30, 2021.
i) Government of India making efforts to educate people about health and nutrition in order
……
a) Maternal mortality
b) Child mortality
c) Both a) & b)
d) Neither a) nor b)
3 Infrastructure is crucially an important sector for the overall development of any country. In
India, it is considered the backbone of the country’s economy as it integrates projects on a
large scale and strengthens its competitiveness on a global level. The infrastructural facilities
such as roads, railways, metro rails, and so on are required to potentially increase the
productivity and seamless functioning of other business sectors in India. According to the
estimates of a recent report – India will require a whopping Rs 50 trillion (US$ 777.73 billion)
in infrastructure by 2022 for sustainable development in the country. It is also showcasing a
myriad of opportunities for foreign investors to invest in the country’s infrastructure
development. Financial Express, Feb. 20, 2020.
i) Infrastructure facilitates ______
a) Industrial linkages
b) Investment
c) Outsourcing
d) All of these
Economic/Social)
India’s health infrastructure and health care is made up of a three-tier system —primary, secondary
and tertiary. Primary health care includes education concerning prevailing health problems and
methods of identifying, preventing and controlling them; promotion of food supply and proper
nutrition and adequate supply of water and basic sanitation; maternal and child health care;
immunisation against major infectious diseases and injuries; promotion of mental health and
provision of essential drugs. Auxiliary Nursing Midwife (ANM) is the first person who provides
primary healthcare in rural areas. In order to provide primary health care, hospitals have been set up
in villages and small towns which are generally manned by a single doctor, a nurse and a limited
quantity of medicines. They are known as Primary Health Centres (PHC), Community Health
Centres (CHC) and sub-centres. When the condition of a patient is not managed by PHCs, they are
referred to secondary or tertiary hospitals. Hospitals which have better facilities for surgery, X-ray,
Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) are called secondary health care institutions. They function both as
primary health care provider and also provide better healthcare facilities. They are mostly located in
district headquarters and in big towns. All those hospitals which have advanced level equipment and
medicines and undertake all the complicated health problems, which could not be managed by
primary and secondary hospitals, come under the tertiary sector. The tertiary sector also includes
many premier institutes which not only impart quality medical education and conduct research but
also provide specialised health care. Some of them are — All India Institute of Medical Science,
New Delhi; Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh; Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical
Education and Research, Pondicherry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences,
Bangalore and All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata.
a) Dispensaries
b) All India Institute of Medical Sciences
c) Regional Institute of Medical Sciences
d) District Hospitals
2.All citizens can get better health facilities if __________ (public health services / private health
services) are decentralised.
During covid-19 pandemic in India only tertiary health centres are playing major role in treatment
of the patients.
In India only public sector hospitals are sufficient for treatment of diseases and providing healthcare
The Centre on Friday released the second tranche of the Covid-19 Emergency Response and Health
System Preparedness Package Phase II (ECRP-II) to help states bolster their health infrastructure to
tackle any surge in Covid-19 infections. With this, the Centre has released 50% of its financial
commitment
ECRP-II, a Rs.23,123-crore package approved by the Cabinet on July 8, works on a 60:40 formula-
- 60% of the expenditure on health infrastructure creation is borne by the Centre and 40% by the
state governments. The first tranche of Rs.1,827.80 crore was released on July 22 as 15% advance to
undertake preparatory activities.
Extensive consultations were held with the state governments beginning July 22, after which the
states were asked to give their proposals. With Friday’s release, the Centre has supported the states
in their efforts to curb the spread of Covid-19 and treatment of infected persons with Rs.14,744.99
crore.The states will use this money to set up 827 paediatric units in the districts--which will result
in addition of 19,030 oxygen-supported beds and 10,440 ICU/HDU beds; set up 42
paediatriccentres of excellence (at least one in every state), augment ICU beds in the public
healthcare system by 23,056, of which 20% will be paediatric ICU beds; provide care closer to the
communities due to ingress of Covid-19 in rural, peri-urban and tribal areas by creating 8,010
prefabricated structures for adding beds at the existing facilities, which will help in adding 75,218
oxygen-supported beds.
The states will also establish 203 field hospitals in tier-II and III cities, create and strengthen 433
RT-PCR laboratories and procure 18.64 crore RT-PCR and 16.55 crore rapid antigen test kits to
perform at least 35.19 crore tests in nine months.The Centre has also prepared 80% of the sites for
installation of 1,222 pressure swing adsorption plants (PSA) under the PM-CARES fund. Though
the Centre was planning to operationalise all the plants – at least one in each district–by August 15,
it has now moved the deadline to the end of August.
At present, the government is worried about the spread of Covid-19 in Kerala and the north eastern
states. Health minister Mansukh Mandaviya will visit Kerala on August 16 to review the situation
and then go to Guwahati to take stock of preparedness in the northeastern states.
(a) RT-PCR
(b) Antigen
(c) PSA
(d) Both (a) & (b)
2.The spread of Covid-19 of which state is a matter of worry for the government?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Odisha
(c) Kerala
(d) Uttar Pradesh
3.“The Centre on Friday released the second tranche of the Covid-19 Emergency Response and
Health System Preparedness Package Phase II (ECRP-II) to help states bolster their health
infrastructure to tackle any surge in Covid-19 infections”. What role of the Union government is
reflected through this?
(a) The Union government has the constitutional obligation to guide and regulate all health
related issues
(b) Fulfillment of Financial Commitment of Union Government
(c) In India Health activities works on a 60:40 formula-- 60% of the expenditure on health
infrastructure creation is borne by the Centre and 40% by the state governments.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
4.What will be the outcome of setting up of 827 paediatric units by the states?
(a) addition of 19,030 oxygen-supported beds and addition of 10,440 ICU/HDU beds
(b) creation of 8,010 prefabricated structures for adding beds at the existing facilities,
(c) Addition of 75,218 oxygen-supported beds.
(d) All of the above
5.The Centre has also prepared 80% of the sites for installation of 1,222 pressure swing adsorption
plants (PSA) . from where it has to be funded?
In Union Budget 2021, the government has given a massive push to the infrastructure sector by
allocating Rs. 233,083 crore (US$ 32.02 billion) to enhance the transport infrastructure. The
government expanded the ‘National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP)’ to 7,400 projects. The key
highlights of the Budget 2021 are as follows:
● The Ministry of Commerce's Logistics Division presented its plans for ‘Freight Smart Cities’
in July 2021, with goal of improving the efficiency of urban freight and lowering logistics
expenses.
● In Budget 2021, the government announced the following interventions under Pradhan
MantriAatmanirbharSwasth Bharat Yojana (PMANSY):
o An outlay of Rs. 64,180 crore (US$ 8.80 billion) over six years to strengthen the
existing ‘National Health Mission’ by developing capacities of primary, secondary &
tertiary care and healthcare systems & institutions to detect and cure new and
emerging diseases.
o This scheme will strengthen 17,000 rural and 11,000 urban health and wellness
centres.
o Strengthening the NCDC (National Centre for Disease Control) to have five regional
branches and 20 metropolitan health surveillance units.
o Expanding integrated health information portal to all states/UTs.
o Rolling out the pneumococcal vaccine, a ‘Made in India’ product, across the country.
● Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA) scheme was launched to establish world-class
infrastructure in the textile sector and establish seven textile parks over three years.
● The government announced Rs. 305,984 crore (US$ 42 billion) over the next five years for a
revamped, reforms-based and result-linked new power distribution sector scheme.
The infrastructure sector has become the biggest focus area for the Government of India.
India plans to spend US$ 1.4 trillion on infrastructure during 2019-23 to have a sustainable
development of the country. The Government has suggested investment of Rs. 5,000,000
crore (US$ 750 billion) for railways infrastructure from 2018-30.
India and Japan have joined hands for infrastructure development in India's Northeast states
and are also setting up an India-Japan Coordination Forum for Development of Northeast to
undertake strategic infrastructure projects for the region.
References: Media Reports, Press releases, National Infrastructure Pipeline, Union
Budget 2021-22, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Economic Survey-2020-21
1.Mega Investment Textiles Parks is an example of which type of infrastructure
2.India has joined hands with which country for infrastructure development in India's Northeast
states?
(a) Russia
(b) USA
(c) Japan
(d) NorwaY
3.“In Union Budget 2021, the government has given a massive push to the infrastructure sector by
allocating Rs. 233,083 crore “. It will enhance which infrastructure?
4.Which scheme will strengthen 17,000 rural and 11,000 urban health and wellness centres?
(a) Development of Northeast to undertake strategic infrastructure projects for the region.
(b) To establish world-class infrastructure in the textile sector and establish seven textile parks
over three years.
(c) Expanding integrated health information portal to all states/UTs.
network of power, telecom, ports, airports, roads, civil aviation, railways and road transport in a
country. Countries need
adequate infrastructure so that various economic activities in an economy are executed efficiently,
smoothly and above all in
time. The deficiencies in the of infrastructural needs of a nation cannot be made up through imports
rather the best approach
is that it must be created within the domestic economy to put it on through the higher growth
trajectory.
However, building of infrastructure requires large and lumpy investment and has a relatively long
gestation period. Due tothis fact, infrastructural facilities are either built or run by the government
and public sector enterprises and if private sector
is permitted to make investment and run infrastructural projects, they must be regulated in order to
ensure qualityinfrastructure to one and all in the society.
Q1.Identify the main category of infrastructure mentioned in the above paragraph.(choose the
correct alternative)
a)Social
b)Economic
c)Personal
d)Financial
‘Infrastructure is often called as the lifeline of the economy of a country, as it helps in increasing the
productivity of thefactors of production and enhancing the quality of life’.
Q4. State any one reason as to why infrastructural facilities are mainly built or run by the
government and public sector
Enterprises?
8 In the past, the responsibility for providing infrastructure services was vested solely with the
Government. This was mostly due to a number of reasons including lumpiness of capital
investments, long gestation periods, externalities, high risks and low rates of return.
But in recent times the old paradigm of infrastructure being a public sector monopoly has been
challenged by fiscal constraints and technological innovations. Limits on budgetary allocations and
public debt, and the dismantling of the allocated system of credit have catalyzed the encouragement
of private entry in infrastructure provision.
The Government has recently announced guidelines for private investment in highway development
through the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) route. Besides simplifying procedures and providing
more financial concessions, these measures would facilitate preparation of detailed feasibility
reports, clearances for the right way of land, relocation of utility services, resettlement and
relocation of the effected establishments, environmental clearance and equity participation in the
highway sector. The Government has also approved clear and transparent guidelines for
encouraging private sector participation in ports and is in the process of setting up a tariff regulatory
Q1. Which of the following is NOT the reason for vesting infrastructural services solely with the
government?
A. Low rates of return
B. Long gestation period
C. Low risk
D. Externalities
Q2. Why private sector is now given an entry in infrastructure provisions?
A. Unlimited budgetary allocation
B. Public debt
C. Making private sector monopoly
D. Easy availability of credit
Q3. For which sector of infrastructure, the government has given transparent guidelines for the
participation of private sector?
A. Railways
B. Port
C. Roadways
D. Airways
Q4. ‘The Government has recently announced guidelines for public investment in highway
development through the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) route’. State true or false.
9 Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
4. Without having a sound infrastructure base, a country cannot develop its economy. True/false
10 Case-II
Health is not only absence of diseases but also the ability to realize one’s potential. It is a yardstick
of one’s well being. Health is the holistic process related to the overall growth and development of
the nation. Though the twentieth century has seen a global transformation in human health
unmatched in history, it may be difficult to define the health status of a nation in terms of a single
set of measures.
Generally, scholars assess people’s health by taking into account indicators like infant mortality and
maternal mortality rates, like life expectancy and nutrition levels, along with the incidence of
communicable and non communicable diseases. Development of health infrastructure ensures a
country of healthy man power for production of goods and services. In recent times,scholars argue
that people are entitled to health care facilities. It is the responsibility of the government to ensure
the right to healthy living.
Health infrastructure includes hospitals,doctors, nurses and para medical professionals, beds,
equipment required in hospitals and a well- developed pharmaceutical industry. It's also true that
mere presence of health infrastructure is not sufficient to have healthy people, the same should be
accessible to all the people. Since the initial stages of planned development, policy makers
envisaged that no individual should fail to secure medical care, curative and preventive, because of
the inability to pay for it.
1.Health refers to the………...of a person.
2.Name of any two indicators of health.
3.Good health infrastructure means good accessibility to health facilities. State True/false
4.It is important to have……...as well as………...health facilities.
SL NO ANSWERS
1.1 C
1.2 D
1.3 FALL
1.4 TRUE
2.1 D
2.2 D
2.3 C
3.1 D
3.2 ECONOMIC
3.3 TRUE
4.1 DISTRICT HOSPITAL
4.2 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
4.3 FALSE
4.4 FALSE
5.1 (d) Both (a) & (b)
5.2 © Kerala
5.3 (d) Both (a) and (b)
5.4 (a) addition of 19,030 oxygen-supported beds and addition of 10,440
ICU/HDU beds
5.5 (d) PM-CARES fund.
6.1 (a) Economic infrastructure
6.2 © Japan
6.3 (d) Transport infrastructure
6.4 (b) Pradhan MantriAatmanirbharSwasth Bharat Yojana (PMANSY)
6.5 (d) Improving the efficiency of urban freight and lowering logistics
expenses.
7.1 (b) Economic
7.2 -active role of public and private sectors
7.3 True
7.4 higher income required/ longer gestation period of programme ( any 1)
8.1 C
8.2 B
9.3 ● Progress
9.4 ● True
10.1 Wellbeing
10.3 true
(A)True
(B)False
(A)True
(B)False
(A)True
(B)False
4. The private sector has emerged as the dominant source of healthcare services in India.
(A)True
(B)False
(A)True
(B)False
6 The presence of health infrastructure along with accessibility to all is necessary to have
healthy people.
(A)True
(B)False
7 India produces 12,000 medical graduates every year and hence there is surplus manpower
in health sector in India.
(A)True
(B)False
9 The child sex ratio declined from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001. It indicates growing
incidence of female foeticide in the country.
(A)True
(B)False
(A)True
(B)False
Infrastructure associated with education, health and housing are included in the economic
infrastructure
11
(a) True
(b) False
(a) Since the 1990s, owing to liberalisation measures, many non-resident Indians
and industrial and pharmaceutical companies have set up state-of-the-art super-
13 specialty hospitals to attract India’s rich and medical tourists
(b) A 2017 study shows nearly two thirds of GBD, now known as Total Burden of
Disease was caused by non-communicable diseases associated with heart,
respiratory system – lungs, kidney, obesity and lifestyle
(c) . States, like Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, are
relatively ahead in healthcare facilities
(A)True
(B)False
15 Community health centers often work as referral centres for primary health centres
(A)True
(B)False
16 Private sector has emerged as the dominant source of healthcare services in India.
(A)True
(B)False
17 Hospitals under the secondary sector have advanced level equipment and
medicine.
(A)True
(B)False
ANSWERS
SL NO TRUE/FALSE
1 TRUE
Alternatives:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are True and Reason ( R ) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A) .
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are True and Reason ( R ) is not the
Alternatives:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are True and Reason ( R ) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A) .
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are True and Reason ( R ) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A) .
Alternatives:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are True and Reason ( R ) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A) .
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are True and Reason ( R ) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A) .
12 Assertion (A): The government of India has the constitutional obligation to guide
and regulate all health related issues, such as medical education, adulteration of
food, drugs and poisons, medical profession, vital statistics, mental deficiency and
lunacy.
Reason (R) : The Government of India evolves broad policies and plans through
the Indian Council of Medical Research
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Only Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false
(d) Only Reason (R) is true and Assertion (A)is false
13 Assertion (A): Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM) have less potential and cannot
solve a large part of our healthcare problems
3|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR
Reason (R) : Indian Systems of Medicine are effective, safe and inexpensive.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Only Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false
(d) Only Reason (R) is true and Assertion (A)is false
14 Assertion (A): Though 70 per cent of India’s population lives in rural areas, only
one-fifth of its hospitals (including private hospitals) are located in rural areas.
Reason (R) : The PHCs located in rural areas do not even offer X-ray or blood
testing facilities, which for a city dweller, constitutes basic healthcare.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Only Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false
(d) Only Reason (R) is true and Assertion (A)is false
15 Assertion (A): The deterioration in the child sex ratio in India from 927 in 2001 to
919 in 2011 points to the growing incidence of female foeticide.
Reason (R) : More than 50 per cent of married women in the age group of 15–49
years have anaemia and nutritional anaemia
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Only Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false
(d) Only Reason (R) is true and Assertion (A)is false
16 Assertion (A): A well developed infrastructure attracts foreign investors who
hesitate to invest in a country which lacks basic facilities.
Reason (R) :The prosperity of a country depends directly upon the development of
agricultural and industrial production.
Alternatives:
A. Both Assertion and reason are true and reason is correct explanation of
assertion.
B. Assertion and reason both are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
C. Assertion is true, reason is false.
D. Assertion is false, reason is true.
17 1. Assertion (A): The private sector in India has grown independently without
any major regulation; some private practitioners are not even registered
doctors and are known as quacks.
Reason (R): All those hospitals which have advanced level equipment and
medicines and undertake all the complicated health problems come under the
primary sector.
(A) Both Assertion and Reason(R) are true and Reason ® is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason ® is not
4|Page 8 October 2021,ZIET BHUBANESWAR
The correct explanation of Assertion(A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason ® is false
(D) Assertion(A) is false but Reason(R) is true.
18 Assertion (A): Women's health across the country has become a matter of great
concern with the reports of increasing cases of female feoticide and mortality.
Reason(R): Health is not a yardstick of human well being, physical as well as
mental.
(A)Both Assertion and Reason(R) are true and Reason ® is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(B)Both Assertion (A) and Reason(R) are true and Reason ® is not the correct
explanation of Assertion(A).
© Assertion (A) is true but Reason R is false
(D) Assertion(A) is false but Reason(R) is true.
ANSWER
SL NO ANSWER
1 A
2 A
3 B
4 A
5 A
6 C
7 B
8 C
9 B
10 D
11 (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
12 ©Only Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false
13 (d) Only Reason (R) is true and Assertion (A)is false
14 (a)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
15 (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A)
16 B
17 C. Assertion (A) is true but Reason R is false
18 C