KABUI DOUGLAS MURIUKI

U29/144075/2022
HPCH 3101: PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)
PRACTICAL 3: SOLUBILITY OF SALTS OF GROUP II ELEMENTS

a. OBJECTIVE
I. To investigate the solubility of various salts of group II elements in
aqueous solvents.

b. INTRODUCTION
Various salts of group II elements have varying solubilities. For sulphates,
carbonates and Chromates, the solubilities of the salts decrease down the
group. However, for Hydroxides, the solubility increases down the group.

c. OBSERVATIONS
1. Reaction of Salts With SO42- Ions
Salt Observation Explanation

Mg(NO3)2 A colourless solution if formed Soluble MgSO4 is formed

Mg2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) = MgSO4(aq)

Ca(NO3)2 A thick white precipitate is formed Insoluble CaSO4 is formed

Ca2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) = CaSO4(s)

Sr(NO3)2 A thick white precipitate is formed Insoluble SrSO4 is formed

Sr2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) = SrSO4(s)

Ba(NO3)2 A thick white precipitate is formed Insoluble BaSO4 is formed

Ba2+(aq) + SO42- (aq) = BaSO4(s)
 2. Reaction of Salts With CO32- Ions
Salt Observation Explanation

Mg(NO3)2 A thick white precipitate is formed Insoluble MgCO3 is formed

Mg2+(aq) + CO32- (aq) = MgCO3(s)

Ca(NO3)2 A thick white precipitate is formed Insoluble CaCO3 is formed

Ca2+(aq) + CO32- (aq) = CaCO3(s)

Sr(NO3)2 A thick white precipitate is formed Insoluble SrCO3 is formed

Sr2+(aq) + CO32- (aq) = SrCO3(s)

Ba(NO3)2 A thick white precipitate is formed Insoluble BaCO3 is formed

Ba2+(aq) + CO32- (aq) = BaCO3(s)

3. Reaction of Salts With CrO4- Ions

Salt Observation Explanation

Mg(NO3)2 A yellow solution is formed Soluble Mg(CrO4)2 is formed

Mg2+(aq) + 2CrO4- (aq) = Mg(CrO4)2(aq)

Ca(NO3)2 A thin yellow precipitate is formed Slightly soluble Ca(CrO4)2 is formed

Ca2+(aq) + 2CrO4- (aq) = Ca(CrO4)2(s)

Sr(NO3)2 A thick yellow precipitate is formed Insoluble Sr(CrO4)2 is formed

Sr2+(aq) + 2CrO4- (aq) = Sr(CrO4)2(s)

Ba(NO3)2 A thick yellow precipitate is formed Insoluble Ba(CrO4)2 is formed

Ba2+(aq) + 2CrO4- (aq) = Ba(CrO4)2(s)
 4. Reaction of Salts With OH- Ions
Salt Observation Explanation

Mg(NO3)2 A thick white precipitate is formed Insoluble Mg(OH)2 is formed

Mg2+(aq) + 2OH- (aq) = Mg(OH)2(s)

Ca(NO3)2 A thick white precipitate is formed Insoluble Ca(OH)2 is formed

Ca2+(aq) + 2OH- (aq) = Ca(OH)2(s)

Sr(NO3)2 A thin white precipitate is formed Slightly soluble Sr(OH)2 is formed

Sr2+(aq) + 2OH- (aq) = Sr(OH)2(s)

Ba(NO3)2 A thin white precipitate is formed Slightly soluble Ba(OH)2 is formed

Ba2+(aq) + 2OH- (aq) = Ba(OH)2(s)

5. Titration of CaOH with HCl

Temperature - 220C

Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3

Initial Volume (ml) 0.00 9.80 19.60

Final Volume (ml) 9.80 19.60 29.40

Titre Volume (ml) 9.80 9.80 9.80

Solubility of Ca(OH)2 = 0.1453g/ 100g H2O at 220C

Please find the calculations attached

d. CONCLUSION
Group II Chromates, Sulphates and Carbonates have decreasing
solubility down the group while the hydroxides have increasing
solubility down the group.

e. DATA SHEET
Please find the data sheet attached to this report